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Leader (1850-1860), 8th April 1854, Edition 1 of 1, Page 327, Untitled Article

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      thegf have arfcitrarHj fixed ; if their wealth , is so considerable that they can support the stagnation of their trade for an indefinite period ; if " their zeal and resvluuon be " aroused , and their l > etter judgment bEnded , by a belief that they are fighting for the mastery with their " worfer-pepple ; if all thas fee obstinately persevered ; xar tfeen is there no remedy fox 1 he work-people ; they cannot import masters to supply the want r and they n > ust either , adopt the arbitrary rate or seek by emigration

      bks 8 jjuflt and less capricious , employers . It ought hayabeen said some time back that such a * body e £ masters , as would be likely to adopt such a course was aa impossibility , but recent eventa at P 5 ceston have proved the contrary , Ihere is anotfier very important distinction Betiweein a strike and a- lbdt-mrt , ia that the Bfctter- Breaks a moral Contract between tke entpfoy ^ w- oT fetboTEir and the general inhabitants of tfee town in which they reside . Wherever ft svBttfoer- q $ master manufacturers settle

      tradespeople and operatives axe sure to eomej upon the ittjtk that an aetive and Qioney-gettrng community naU ~ be the result , and that it will be suffered to proceed , upon , the laws which naturally govern sucH . communities . But when those manufacturers resort to a lock-out , the activity of the town is brought to a standstill , the' Snopfteepers a * e ruined , the savings- of the -irorkr-pe&jsfe m exhausted , ticy become paupers , and , a » smefr , are dfafrgeable upon the rate-payess , and xu *» & b ? Ooght upon the * town , b-y thro arbitrary proceedi-It is

      tmgm the manufacturers ^ not * of course * intended to be urged that the ; « re not legally entitled to * shut up , or . eveixbtaw up , their / owen mills , OB'that they do not in some- degcee participate in the ruin resulting from-such conduct ; all that it la attempted to establish Is , that they are to some ejcjfcerit morally bound to those whom they have attracted round them , and ! wftnTrtttt wfrose aSsfetatrce their caprM conM never Rave bad existence ^ tBfaf * tl » y w 4 H net * fey aay wanton ae $ destroy op xtepexte tie system xipoa which the prosperity o £

      alt depends . - It ife tittc unfortunate eircomstanee attendant ¦ apOMf tbtvenoionsy that , tbeir transactions and ematfcu&WB aic generally secret . Perhaps , when tbs- Legislature- legalised combinations , i ± would luwa been hotter if it had dealt with theiu as It did ! with tie jpmt-stock companies , by defining tBe Imaits within which comDtaationff are legal ; and , providing , some raacMnery for insuring the TesponsiBility of their members . We know , in-a g ^ netal war , th « t : almoefi every trade in tite ) d #

      dam ts& * t ha » rte union , but as to when those uai « M weEfe formed , and what is the exactnature of their coastitaslions ,, it is not * possible : to- ascer tain- Want of documentary / evidence alone would pcevent this- ( for very few of these unions keep regplav archives ) ,, besides the very natural jealously witt which they shroud all' their actions in the greatest possible obscurity- The Union of the Spinners is understood to be the most ancient , and consequently the moBt substantial combine the The

      fcwm anion ^ cotton operatives . Weavers ' i « of recent date , and is believed to have- been called into , existence by the Stockport strike , m Juse of last yearv The master manufacturers have eon&bined , kt one way or other , from time irnvntmowiadf and , although , aa I . have before stated * it is . pretended that their association has only been , formed in- self-defence ,, I expect to be able to prove , in the next chapter , when I come to trace tke outbreak of the present disputes , that this assertion is not consistent with the facts .

      And now , having opened the ground , in- a manner , by tfiro discussion of abstract -principles and the relation of general facts , I shall proceed feo > give tfce result of inquiries into the facts and caucumatfaaces conducive to , attendant upon ,, and resulting from , the . Preston Labour- Battle . Jambs Lowe .

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      would render her a powerful state ; Still less vill I permit the breaking up of Turkey into little republics . . . . I tellyou distinctly that if Englandtfeink of establishing herself one of these days in Constantinople , I will not permit It . ' * What w 2 t he hare then ? ' What , is this Will-a * -the-wiap purpose of bir that is always leading us a dance after : negatabna ?" The Tzar is willing to establish , himself in Constantinople as , trustee ( ddposiiaire ); "H may come to pans , that circumstances shall require him to occupy , Constantinople . "

      Some weeks-before the . publication , of the Secret Coxretpondence . between ihe Smpexav , of Roan * and , the British ; Gavernmentv we said , « A atady of . the UtmiowL dispatch of Bozxa & Bocgo shawfr ctearJ ^ enough that the chief ain& of Bumukaiways has been * not the' renewal of the experiment in the Crimea ^ but the abflotate and entire annexation , of Turkey . Porr that reason she haa always made an , instratnent of SSavismftod Hellauapi ^ but she has- always been cautious not to allow say movement , top independent Q&BmrakKto siuseeed *"

      * Rieeeagebirge , and the Adriatic Let the war in the East become more defined , and "berbre long—Tinless aHonsarian ami a German WTOUitwn shall har * interposed ^—we shaQ nareSbire morements fdr the benefit of Russia . It is not only that the tgitation » felt in Hungary , on the confliw * o £ Qennany , and in Turkey , are tne result of otroag jopakr ten « dencier ; but Bnsaian goKt Bcatteved aa&aag' pt « r tribes ^ the intrlgaes of MaseDTite ^ aga tff ^ h « NcKn ^ trive to worfr f&efr way eve * firtd « h » nwdtar of Buxopean democracy ^ - an # tfie eonnrrane « af&gJk perjona ^ a e ven a ^ but -file AtPtr&a flrinmw : rfrtJhim together constifote' # toaIFdKQgett JtitimB&yiai ioutefii

      and tfie adjacent prorfeiceaofTarkeyi LawfeOaji th « confidant ofJe ! h ^ c ; iia 8 kppeajt ^ memBi ^ m-Min bird ; soon , perhaps , tmsnalT aeeenewiaere ^ tkemani Of theStAVB COBFttKESffOf 18 * 8 ^ ¦ ' ' •>'• ' ¦ ' * T&ats Congtest , neIdmPrato * iJi ^ uwJi ^ S 4 » , f 6 feshadbwed the danger . A mob afRaamma agent and crotchety plingntuwgg aagemtHicI thet ^ to paw * pare the baseff of a ^ Gramf Sra-t ^^ aWSeaJmi ^^ consttucCed out of tbler damejtt&fered rcmaicvo £ mfc key , Brungary , m $ '' &&&& $ -- J ^^ lfii ^^ CiBgiw * there were deprrtiey ^ $ to ^ & im - > k ^ k&a&a $ scheffiers ^ from Servia-and Bohen ^ To *^^ a ^ a ind Prussiah Silesiav F 6 lBnd and KcWtwegro , HunWr and nrvria ; * c ; There were ab * KtnwfaA t 6 »

      prifesls . The Ttad ^ a of Mbn * wi « gr ^ « Wtotf » vawa ^ was m direct- coTresp ^ i ^^ grefB . ' JeT&rfc , Ban" of Austria ^ CSw « ti ^ nieMb « of tie Panslaviet PWpagan ^ j PruM * TViwiiwAi grata ^ , the famoti * mwsa « e ^ « e- eart ^ ' of ' t ^^ Rnsslan party in Vienna f eoiBi * Iieo Tnanj- € k ^^ horof'Boliemm jPalw ^^ e FaMaratto « f Cbtuit Wrbna ; and a nttrftiflttde ^ oth ^ awn of I * J fluence in the Austrfen € fettrt ; «« Fo « red tlto Move ^ meat , aM tne rtajorfty-of them' too * pttrt diteettj inth 6 labonrrof ^ theCbngma . B <> hig !»*> w « # m the aoibitlonof ttiaf tt rrm * tin m ? omcA *<}** Ibgue of tne race * comprised u ^ ll ^ GniiJSl ^ tmlail ReaTm , and renresente ^ & « keL C ^ gre * s » wifee teia imirafedf ^^ ' * : ¦ " ;< : ; j ; ' : V - v ^* - * ' ¦ . ¦ :-- - ^'

      1 ^ The ; "ft oftg ^^ y ^ p ,. ' TMr > r » y ^ nffn ^ ^ ^ f ^ f ^ rBK ^^ tyfffl SBOTMksi . "" ' ; " ' / ' '" "If ^ v " *; " ^^ 1 ^ ^ - -: » a * ! ' WTWBbJefMo ^^ ¦ - ' ^ l "" - ^ ^ : r , ^ The SlaVonians , Croats , &r 68 , sn ^ tJaWn ttianjr « "g « w « ni > to the scheme of Slave leaerausatioiL . ^ tZTZ ^ TZ- ** jVyp ^ rffi ? ia ^^ trM ^ K ^ a ^ r feg ^^ : tne neacer part : or Xunpex , but xxuntfar v » : arKT-pazxs of Germany , vcre UrW iator&n ^ mm <^* f & *~ vwifan Ifeatei ,- as * Slavtea - ^^^ ^»» M ^ sttrtdied fSroBttb * h « rto £ Bu « d » t * tlrteartaro ^ ntiw q ^ DavaLyiivl ; nDkoa ^^ Mn nlanM . wom T » t , fni ^ . h ftl :, Jh » orn » L e

      Iffl ^ twii ^^ I The Austrian G < rreTnraeilV at « iiti «« eiio ^« 6 energy fir cvpoehwth ^ vtoexmmz torimKX ^ fo Austrian camaxtUa b * i n «^ « f m ^ o » # i % a ^ ixe r « r luctifinaTy Sla ^ ppnwla ^ xms ^^ ^ . a ^^ J ^ HiiiigBrian , and .. It ^ Jian , icev <> ni « qns > ^ uBseauenflyv , * rhen ' a revolution at ' Fnqra # hw ' cump ^ ica ' matters , trie Court of AtfttrfitAtts * not SiirttttiCem ^ hortmgn inqniiT-, for < fcar tfce wroitt » h « W ^ m t ( xxmaiay ari 8 tecra « ic ; p « Eca 3 * . Those eama ^ ariator :

      ; cmtic > persons are ¦ bop wockan |[^ in ., Yienna in favour t Russian interests * , Tfie Austrian ^ ov ^ ernmeut , kaow « them , but . dares not shake them !< otf 5 because the profound discontent ancf rerolutionary * pirit of 'tfte Germany HwngttviaiM : attd Xtali « n % &rcei fher Court ta throw itself into , ^ ue antta o £ it « fifie » d- £ be « , ¦ tke Slave * . , , What we have- lost aaicf may appear a digression ,

      . but it belongs tq the very easenceof our' suijrecfe Russia nas spread a net of orthodox Greet and 'PfetiB&Tist intriguea over alt tk © « w * of Europe ^ from ' Athens to Prague and Breslttu- Let u » beware that w «) do not , au « er . Turkey ta fidl arictina to these intcigues , for who knows what might be Jn-wplved tomorrow in its rum ? Let as beware of s ^ upportlngf the crown of Austria against the dbmociwtic populations ; fbr yre should thereby strengthen toe Slave element i « Atistriav tne enemy of Germany , BEui *

      gaxyr and Turkey .. Against the Rusao-Greek and Ruaao-Slave movements which are beginning to agitate the-Ottoman Empire , there is but one means of safety : that is , our alliance with the Ehragarfan , German , and Itallatl peoples . If we dare not choose this alliance , Austrian Slavism will dare to ally itself tO ' HeUeniDcn . ; and Turkeyr already invaded in Epiruv * will find herself assailed by another invasion from Austrian Croatia and Slavonia . Turkey will then be pressed on both flanks by Bussian sedition *; an < l attacked in front by a Russian army . ^ Are we positively xesolved that Eussia shall advance simultaneously to the heart of Turkey and to the heart of Germany ? V

      JSow that - * & ho ¥ ayt& 8 > faet . eonfinaadbjF tlwTwB ^ a tfwalip » that Slavinakanil HeitenuDaj are ^ ia hif . ejjea > only inBtconi « n $ s of war , and that : he meaas t&jusfrr gate to himself <* a * tr « j | jeei ? the wkoie JheriUgeof t& « OttimiMK em $ ire » kt ittbawata of , 6 d 3 ia ^ uato « a trap . Weaite told % mtk gneat enaphaaia ^ , tkat th « Greek i ^ erohant * in tbe city a « d , other HcsUenaa ,.

      fiicnxtriy such . great feienda , tei lUnBia ^ axe become erwperrtcd : against the MapraiaTtel of the north-ia ci » &iejQaeB <^ Qf tl » laat ^ re 7 elatkiuk Therefoc ^ toiaA vdseacres . think they , aee an- opportunity for . a fine stroke of policy ^ Babottli « y say . tb » Tkar Relaxes h © -sront Base a Byzaatiae emoireg f That showa be mafraid ! of ife f so ]« tus « tit upwitliawt nap& ado ia spite of ka ^ , « Bd t » plague himk ; . :

      Th&muaam GbvenuBetttare- devwer diplozaatia ** than all that come * to .-. They donot » tak » atton a single card . How tih ^ wouMslftu ^^ n tbesr elaevem if the West , , after b « ri » g : let it » elf ba > duped , ia iss ^ r by a . Qreek , inanrrectioi ^ wcrei again / , to tafceiqwn itstelf the taak of clearmgr tha ground ia Turkey for th <* heneflt of the Twtr L It i « aartaia . that the Autocrat wamta to » wafi < w * the «***« , of TurkQFrfcwt it do «» not follow that h » nwOA aot lak * to see Borope at w * rlt up ©« a B « zanth > 4

      taripn ^ r some ; such thiagv Bnwlav weH kn < w « that ,, except < he Turks , there is Ho = aTailabla ehjment ofnatiooality ia . the UlyBiaa peointulaV ' : The-e * . aiparatiou -of Nieholae ; againtt * Byzantrae empire isall put oe , fbr he kaowsv the : impos « bility of- the project ., Inv repudiattiD ^ it , the Russian Cabiaeft bis no other object im vievr tham to sug ^ eati it / to Europe and purify it ut our eyes ^ It wishes t » ennilii » a » it * seeret- agents . To > smot&er TukIc ^ f betwoen . two T ^ anka ; bdtageeni a > Russian * warrom tha one aid * aoat

      a HeUeniat-movement soppdsted by Enropft ^ aa , the other cider—what a triumph that ^ cottid het ^ Rua « ia hap often officially denied or coverad with , obloqpy the : ageata or the movements tliat were fulnttiag ; : her orders ^ She wa » to& sure of thosee movwnente to fear any untoward consequence * -front sucb ; official denials . Bid : not the Russian Crorernment ^ repo ^ diate Panslavtem EkewiBe ? Did not NichcUa sagr , the other day r that he does not desire tke ceii ^ aeati of Turkey s for his country ia > " so vast , to > hap ^ l y it

      circumaiacced in evearjt way ^ , that woukk b « mreasonablie ia him to desire moEa territory or more 'power than he possesses ? " But read tfoeidUthjKam ^ hie effusicna whieh the Panataunst Bvflgfudn and . others are now pouring ; forth ia- the Official GaztlM of St . Pefeeraburg . Bead those fanaticaA appeals to the capture of " ouir holy , city Tzargrad ( Gonstan-! tinople ) , on which the shining : Greek cross is again to cast its lustre ; " Then will yon , see to what a i culminating point the Russian Government carries its nonchalance in tire matter of repudiation .

      The Russian Cabinet , haa good reason sometimes to deny fcts paternity ; it i « not expedient for it that . Europe should be startled by the avowal of plans too vast . We have put " Paahellenisra and Pan- ^ alarism in Turkey ^ at the head of these papers ; but it must be owned that the Ottoman Empire ia at most but the half of the great chess-board over which Russia pushes forward ifca Panslavi ^ t knights towards the heart of Europe . The agitators of this latter movement have mined the ground in all the countries between tlie Balkans , the Carpathians , the

      * A lady once remarked to mo that , whatever truth thora might bo in the assertion that tho inantors havo only lately formed an association , she was quite persuwled that they niul onjoyea all tho advantages of ono for many years : for that she never travelled * in a flrsb-claas carriage in Lancaahiro , w-lfch muuufaoturera fur companions , witliout hearing them lay t . lioir heads togothor to plot sometliiutcor other against the work-peonlo .

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      April 8 , 1854 . ] THE LEADSR . $%% 1 . _ _ . i ¦ . - ¦¦ i > bii*—O ^« W>—MPWW ^ W " ¦¦!¦ _ ¦ ¦ —«¦' , WJ ^ - WW W . i ¦¦ Wfi ..., , _ , j ¦ . IH . i- ^ - , ... _^__

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      PAN-HELLENISM AND PAN-SLAVISM IN " TUIiKEY . ( Third awd CoNOLUDnwi Articmc . ) " I neveb will permit , " said tho Tzar to Sir H . Seymour , ' « an attempt at the reconstruction of a Byzantine empire , or stich an extension of Greece aa

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), April 8, 1854, page 327, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2033/page/15/