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Leader (1850-1860), 1st April 1854, Edition 1 of 1, Page 307

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      " THE BATH IN BCSSIA . « ' The bathing-rooms in all the public haths wer « , -until very lately , common to both sexes ; but by an order from the government , the sexes are now separated , and each has one larwc room apart . But this very commendable attempt to introduce a degree of delicacy -unknown before , has not quite established the principle . In the general apartment into which we first entered , many of both sexes were waiting is > « nter two crowded bath-rooms ; and the scene already presented sufficient woof that ilite letter < rf the order alone was yet complied witit , « r pwtops wderstoed . About « doaea « f the * a * raer aex were seen , dimly , however , through a dense mist , some passing to and . fno , and others , sitting upon benches by the walls , all quite in tfce -independent state ef nature , and , about as many of the "fair w&Hn a . bi » diti « i « bn « Bt equafly indepenaeal , -ymbytob ashwaed , er apparently ia the least degye * conseious « f any indelicacy whatsoever . We were , . however ,, in an atmosphere in which clothes were Scarcely supportable , ana which made us soon put off the greater part « f our bwd .

      " Habit reconciles « s to * umost eroigrihisg . Indeed , tJterfr wau so much bustle and * j > .-peaxance of business in / proenring tickets for admission into the Jbathing-rooms , from an atteii < 3 anfrwno » ttx > d mrain acotmter , -upon \ rhieh a small lamp vas barman , and with the « fli *« UM 8 aodyeiila « f i «* l » er « » nd « tteaaante , ^ hsi > tlie acene mm mow calculated to remind tm « f cases * and ; pfi&itwns in which we are sometimes placed by necessity , where the mind is too much occupied , perhaps by-some work of clarity , to leave room for nieeness ia its "perceptions , rather tlian presented the character which description is apt to impress . ' ^ A ftoh ^ xug cart-off almost . suXour renwiDUjg clothe * , ¦ rUich was absolutely necessary fceforo we proceeded farther in oar investigations , both on ^ acconnt of the . state or the atmosphere , and the dashing of water in all -dlwdtiwiB « r ¥ Ehm tbc % » tha wbieh V 9 were about" *© « nter , we were led by an attendant into an apartment full of bathers , where we found ourselves in an atmosphere at a temperature betwauefbsaby and &rty-five degrees of Reaumur , as the osnal heat , . and in-tbe midst of figures still dimly seen through the tnist , wliich was

      hero-doubly more dense than that in the outer chamber , snlin such a scene of confusion , -that it * ram mat uatiiwe had nearly ceachad . tlM -termination . of tthe ion ^ rooin , xmwded with Imtdiecson-betpv sides , that we were aware of . what jj » w w ^ eaxed- ~ -that w « = were breaking the letter as well as . the spirit of the new la * 5 , and parading about among the daughters 5 ns *« td « C 4 he « oBS-dF the ^| ftnd . 1 Tfpon this < iisw » ery , Itowwer ,. weinaderoarTeti'eat . " ^ edaofc ^ atftt ^ i&K * * Ifttfe mor « minutef * ir * ey of the ^ putanefil * Ui * t it was lsvwfal for usto enter . But instead of attempting-mf further- description of the scene within the common bathing-rooms , I shall state more exactly the -manner in vrifich the private hath wbieh I tookovas ^ 3 oainistiered ; and when % i » remembered lust itfae same proeeesns in action upon si ^^ . sevienty bathers at the aa « ae _^ m e ^ ia the ^ p ublic . haih . the scene there will"b « ea 8 jly oance 1 ve 3 . , - * -. < * 1 l ? e hadiiritNa leave the fabiks bath-1 w > u * e to find private k « tlis ,, there being « e * er paasiof fjfcxd rwjthSa . it % « n . d we each now cihese bis ^ sm fropco , « ad . fotered ,, aceooapaoiedAy

      . aa-attendant , wcicu is indispensable . In that -which I chose , I fonnd an anteroom used far the purpose of undressing . Here I observed the thermometer -was at thirty-eight decrees of heat . . Bnt upon opening the door , j otd entering ti » -proper bathiBg-roonj , wber « the temperature yra&jab . forty-seven degrees , I foimd the heat alxnoft insupportable .. At the moment » F meeting tnwatmosphere , fhe respiration became sufficiently , difficult to be « fi > lr tSy pa ' ajftfl . But this «! Eefc of the stt&Aen change passed sway « s the perepiratkm imet&mmf awl J ^ afterward * ftlt no iaoonveukBcewheii tie heat was aagmentod to fifty da&zes . . . ' . - . . * Upokontf * Me of the Town , < two % rge -waeh-tntw were ^ standing beneath fwo enormous mcfednooks ? 'and , xped the ftfcher , ttewwss * stoyB fixejriatthe wall . ifEh »; proetss oomnventes ky the bather placing ^ himself standing in AjfihtdUw tutysrhich ia . filled by the attendant with water mixed to an agreeable temperatnre . The-attendant then proceeds to pantf ^ ua * tafieg ?« C-water owr ^ the head <> f toe bather , aod next torttb hie body ^ ith dried grc& 3 . After tbis . bas been a little while persevered in , th » bather jb placed , sitting , ngpon . » oeach : and Ihapc ^ piration . n . ow'Tunsjdowa the body In streams . But the rubbing tsJstall

      pweererea m < for < « w > nc teaiiiHitrtteslonEeT . T % e next stepib an exposnrt i » thettoatrary « B £ r % mvvjuek is ^ aot tbejn (« fcftgweablsvyaH ; of tbe ^ roce » s . It is nowvjMpepBai ^ r fojr ; * he bather to' mponttQ a . bench Abontibur fiwthigh . ; and while he is . seated'here ,- * oncbajt of l&j cold water arawnifi ^ AffRc ^ ac « ski ^ aa « n «^ 'The effact of 'this i * to start tha whole nr « l frauiQ , ;»» i £ th * , » l ectric ; Bj « rk liad paaaed throa ^ iitaiboQy . irom vhirii , nojr ;| u ^ i ^( j ^ b > fl oads . J ^ ^ n |« s ^ z a ^ m awn ^ nrpiaa % i ] bao re « eaE .. . . ¦ ...., - . c 'The ' next step as scarcely legs seyjere , an 3 again ui ^ the opposite ektrem . * . ¦ iVIkei ^ no ^ ( £ lir » wn into themetit store , * om -which ^ yoilBne' Bot'far a' ^ nt , ana from wbJieb 4 nM « n « routes out A hot * af *» ur twitli- # t * eh force , 4 uat ijt « is . « Bj « cLaUjr ( neo ^ sssftry t » have 4 h » back turnsd to reaeiva it , and at the same time to shut the eye * . Lastly the bather mounts 4 o a bendh cowriderabry tri ^ her than 'Biat trpon winch he bus iithettoi ) een Bitting , in * earfih of still ^ greater : a « Bi ;; taatd the « itendunt , Bowaxmed with * iunh boagb f « te which the . dried j leaves are preserved for the purooae , proceeds to # thorongh . sweeping . or brushing . of the ; bather , ratjier than rubbing , wbich appears to apply friction enough to restore the circulataan , wbich by 4 his time . m * become btngqid , upon tie-oataer partB-of tbvbo& y . "

      The publication of the Marquis de Custine ' s book , in the present x&eap abridgment , is -well ^ fimed . ! S " o work in oar c | ay has attained such celebrity < 3 a this HubjecL It made tne Ifimperor « nd the J&Tissians wiU ! with indignation . The high , social , and literary position of the author , his known And avovred Aristocratic principles , his reception ia Bussht-where everything vraa done to impress him favourably , made the appearance of a work so damnatory of the Russian system ft terrible and unpardonable offence . In turning otct its pages once again , again we are struck with the clear vivacity of'insight ra& 6 f representation -w $ iich distinguishes this vork from the thousand and dne books written about Russia ; and if some deduction is to t > emkde from its onesidedness ,. that deduction is more relative than ab&o-3 ujte- ^ j 3 jiore a question of details thoa of principles .

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      " The Beyolution settled the Established Church upon its present basU " < : ' <> mraVIlu < jr tions h « TO , indeed , 1 > &n since effected in its tela ^ e ^ K £ i t o !! r £ S « rSS ^ i ? ??» the sHghest change has beenefferted in the Church US 4 oSrtaeJ ^^ nolltf S ? JSlK ? I ^ prttcSpal ^ t of the 'Oration Act was on thecaVi ^ of « E 3 bES ^" SfiS establishment Before this atntale , no discrepancy utas ^ itemed conceivable \ Jt ™» * l Chnrebi and the cotonaonity . ; the one was lookea uponlS SSvwSS ^ S ^ S S ! other . To dissent irom ^ te beUef or mode of worsfilp wnotioni ^ bj fi ^ rSe SlS tSS authority was mucb the same as to rebelaeaiosst the civil power ; and a 5 who pUced a * ma selTOsiathis ^ ireaitament-wereeither'to be Drought , b y fines * nd ether punishments tovieli conformity , * r . If intrarhrtifr , weee to be . burst © r baai 9 ued and tb »^ absp 1 ote identity ; ^ Cbiin ^ and NatraathostfiBtored . The Toleration Actio > p ^ it destnTed tbis'ctbeory . Xh » Episcopal Chureh « w » cousidared ' national as being jsecosgnised jw o * UmiiK by mtion ^ L authority—endowed by law with the exclusive ri xht to Rtbea jmd « iniUar nnvoluntary cootrtbutions—gjfted with a specialjiortlon df . tiie State ' s snpport—and subject generally to the State ' s control ; bu * those-who differed from her creeds and formularies were allowed , whila aiding to « appoit < the legal faith , to worship ia the way they deemed niostscripiaraland proper subject foe a-time to « oj » e disqualifying statutes which b » ro ) gr |« aa » UrieenTepesdoi or jQUMfiued ^ **

      -Do jjoo . wish tQ < know whf fihe Charcb . has been a |^ Uv | ju ] A L ' lo- « tftnd Jipcfft the ancient-vraysj whiiellie age was Sninyingon ? Sihmfo&mdxitt yeractAt iL certam **« a ^ tMods ^—asntny beread inthe fi ^ oirii ^ : ' - » Tbe cJiieFdisaLilities which , for the * aregaar < l of the Betabhshed Chureh , are atill imposed 011 other bodies , are ^ tlie fciBowmg>—all £ ereotis boldmg i © erj ^ military offices , and all ecclesiastical and collegiate persons , yrouuiUirji , lijiiiuiuiJ , .. iUJi jl' ^ L ^ U masters , high constables , and practitioners of the law , are requested to proniise , by oath or affirmation , allegiance to the Cmwa , tind'ftekaowledge -ite eeelesiastical supremacy , and also to abjure allegiance to the descendants of the Pretender , and to maintain the Act of Settlement—No Dissenter can hold the mastership of a college hot . other endowed school , unless

      l endowed since 1668 , for the ' wmwuiate benefit OF Protestrttit : © rtsenters . —Allmeetinja for reli g ions worship of more . than twenty persona besides toefamU ^ 4 f b ^ d iQ ^^ baUdin ^ not owtiScd to the Eejgistrar-General , are subject to a penalty of i 2 ^—^ er ^ per » PapMii ^ & > any office , for admission to which it was necessary under the OPesJ ; Act to , rficeiyeWe iiacr « ment sccoifdi ^ g 4 o ^ Jlie custom « f th « Church of fiu ^ imd , 1 s tftTnate ^ de claTOtiTO' * ^^^ trne-faSth i Bf ' aChrbtian , ' that he wuUncver exercise any power , autbority , or influeUc ^ oUi taiesd by virtue of nehtonlce , to injtfre or disturb the English Cnuza ^ r ite ^ iHiim ^ ttUl clergy . (^ Stepben ' a Gomme » tjn-j « 3 , ' voL iii ., p . lOS . ^ Ww ^ » r ^ to ^ pjrinciS miwk ^ twte » . app « irj « g 4 ^; any Dissenting place of worship" with the Insignia of office : areaisaoTeif from toldiag any « fficial ^ itttatitin , V - , - . ' .--, ,., . ¦¦¦' - - > ,-

      A « far a * loayes and fishes can control convictions , our ! Esttfb ^ uhed Church baa formidable " safeguards . " NeTertliele 3 s , thirty ^ five churcne *^ not to mentioa the members of no cburcb « a ^ te ^ if / 4 « 4 J ^^(^ b ^^ pendence tfl £ f ; the human mind . There are vast numbers who secfede < &om the Churchy joiningsother religious communiHes j ^ uf ^^ re ^ i ^^ vi ^ iiiihi ^ bers vho hold aloof in doubt and indifference : o \ A 0 'W ^ w $ S 0 ^^^ qu whottt& ^ JWztiXy able to att&rirl' dtviriftT ^ vW , It \ j ' ^ v ^^ f ^^ i ^ i n ^^ ft st&ja ^ m . jl The Bfipnort says ?— . . ¦¦ ¦ : _ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ < ¦ ' - ¦ . - > .. jl-& % 4 ' *' The « iost important fact which this investigation as to attendance brings before as is , unquertaonabiy , «» salarmw ^ momber of 4 be tiOB ^ twidimt * . ^ " B ^ m ^^ % ^ saaSirowL abk aspect of the figures jost presented , and nnmrnini Cm n » i ^ iit 1 » Vwlltii ( fai l the £ . 288 , 294 absent every Sunday are not al » ay » , the »« m 9 lOiwdsuO * , ^ « n ^ W «^ that aadlv fonmidable portion ef . the TInrf »« li 7 tfnTJB ;«^»^ t . « i ^^ a ^ . i « atmS ^ hu

      ty ordinances of religion , ' itorlBlt aiifeultfe in ^ caCa to w ^ pirfic ^^ c ^ n ^ Mty ^ th »; Dorti 55 in the main berongs . •' ' T ^ W ^ mK ^^^^^ S ^^ aiSiS ^ mi dhninislied that devotional sentiment and . strictness of attention t 6 ; t « lijnous seryioes br WBicl t forn « fv « r » l-centuri < w , tbeyluww w * eminently V ^< Oiais 0 Sm 0 ^ 0 l ^ mlta olmem ^ too , tnenmbject Jof iteligion . has obtained of late a-BMlp ^ fe ^^ -Wti ^ 'pnd a regoijir ciwrefa-attendance is now ranked amongst the ' tB € ogx ^ m . ! mm 0 mi : M ( W ^' '! It is toa * tiafy tbeirante of tnwietwo cUmtathat the nnmb ^ ofrtUgH ^^ turtare * b » s of Iat © years sm incroMftd . But mitito ^ tl&upnffthyTi&te ci Q ^ emS ^ m ^ h ^ mnW ^ jvus with . aur ; maltipl ] td ? imtenal prosperity , it mnnot , itjf f « sr ^ b « ftkid # ^ % o ^^ ing increase has pecorned in the attendance of this class in , our 4 l ( # t « 0 pi ^^^^¦ i . Mlhm ' especially % in cities and lar ^» towns it is nlwwrvablo | m « r ftl »>^ i ^ T y ^ nl 4 ii ^) ffr ^ f , ^; r ^ j | Mi :-1 rf the ' congregations is composed of artizans . They . fill . perbiip ^ , 'inl « ufcbt ^ o ^ ^ lwni £ Arifmlii JtnH Krmitnv JSU > 1 iivtla v «« H t . Uttre , rnnrivm 4 li » i > 1 nm » ri * ar / if ^ « t ^ mii ^ i * rt « o « ii . ^ si ^ i ¦ —— ¦ - W * f ~ " ¦ ¦** T «• PP --- *• « P > VB —i VWWB mm «« PV

      ar-pv-- «^ I J 'mm— - ~ - >~ V V ^^* * " ••¦••*•¦ * " * f * # " ¦>¦ . ^ T ' " I WLj ~ }\ WM < . ^ Bf T ¦¦ V ' p *^ ¦ ¦! * ¦ ¦ % T ^ HMJP n » aoooer do tbey mingle in th * active world of labour * th « Q , BDbjkted t- > tbecoti 8 Uut « Mii » df omosiag » uuenc « s tbev soon become as utter trungcrS t 5 < r « K ^ 6 i » 'ordiiMaiO |« as the people of » h « tthen country . From whatever cause , in them or in the mann > r ' ; cf'their tre » tmeat by « aUgio « u bodies , it , ** sadly certtiin that . )*» vast , ijjtd ^ nt , -uad gnmingly importaat Bectbn . 4 » f our cotntryoaen if thoronglfly % « t ^ nn ^\ fromix > u ^ relidiou ^ in their prewnt aiipect . ProbabWi , indeed , tUe prevale « M . * ot ^ iy-fl- s % hjis ^ btfla eMMarated , if the word be taken in its popular meaning , as implying some degree of intellectual effort and decision ; bot ,, no doubt , a great-extent «? f MjpiUiteiJMiQKt aa ^ £ Eareii ^ e x > f « ysi | ty . tta . ! pn « p tieal effects of « rbftchkare much the same . There is a sect , ' originated recently , adherents to a system called * Secularism ;* . the principal tenet being thflj , m the fact of a future Ufe 4 » ( in then * view ) at till events susceptible of some degree of doubt , while the Tact and tne riebraaiusii ui usDooub 111 iiimtcis ui uurevb

      a a mo oeil ^ aiiuu , it us lliufcforo pruuOuC * M HbHU ^ I axclusirely to trie concerns of that 'existence which is certain andimmedUte--n (> t iraStunj energies required for present duties by a preparation for remote , snd mercb /^ powiltle , eotw tingencies , ^ his is the creed which probably with most exactness indicates ' the faith which , virtnully though not professedly , is entertained b / toa mM ^ of 4 Mtr ^ W « c ] dng ^ Qpt < la , by the skilled * nd unskilled labourer alike—by host * 4 > £ miooe shsppka * perji aM , Sunday traders—and bj miserable denizens of courts and crowded alleys . £ ti *) f ace tmconscUm Secn 2 ar » fo—« D | nroAsedby th « demands , the trials , or th » 3 > p 3 oj | isurw of Jbe passing hour * and ignorant or careless of-a future . Tliese are never or but seUlpjn . seen in par relicioas congregations ; and the melanaboly fact is thus impressed -upon etur « dt 5 eethat the classes wbioh ate most in need ef the restraints and consolations of religion are the classes which Are most without them . "

      STATE OF BELKHOJSr IN ENGLAND . Census of Great Britain , 1851 . Report on Religion * Worship . The Pentateuch ; or , Five Bools of Motes . With Notes Critical , Practical , and Devotional . By Rev . Thomas Wilson , M . A . Price . 20 s . John Chapman . Tuksk two works , especially the first , furnish the calm spectator with curious speculations on the state of Religion in our country . The Report

      by Mr . Horace Mann is a masterly one . It first sketches rapidly the progress of Christianity in England till the Revolution , when the Established Church finally settled itself upon its present basis . It then gives an impartial statement of the doctrines held by the thirty-five different churches ; and proceeds to estimate the " Spiritual Provision and Destitution , " i . e . Low many persons tlierc arc wanting seats in churches , and how many Beats for the persons .

      Our fir s * remark on the information of this Report is on the fact that , while in all other things the " wisdom of our ancestors" has been profoundly modified before reaching us —whiUs our science , our politics , our customs , our social relations , our ideas on all subjects have undergone such changes , ilio Church retains the doctrines and polity of the Revolution :

      Explain this phenomenon liW you will , there , is no getting , over the fact that the Chumx of England , * as well as every other -Chuirclij is not the Temple of a national faith . Five millions are indifferent or incredulous . Five millions have no faith , or & faith , which is adverse to that taught in churches . At no previous period in the history of the world could the same phenomenon have been signalised . Believing as we da that no durable national-life can exist without a national faith , that no permanent policycan grow out of shifting and dissident creeds , the spectacle of England in its multitudinous sects and dissidences is somewhat alarming . Tb . e ray o < hope which gilds the future comes from the iucrcasing tolerance which teaches men the moral strength of the fundamental position of Protestantism —liberty of thought . The right of private judgment—that ifl to say the right which every free soul has to interpret for itself what is the meaning ii will put into religious formulas—luis already separated believers into thirtyfive distinct sects , not to mention minor differences . These sects all hati

      each other we four with very Christum hatred ; but eacli grants to each th right each claims . There is ai circle , however , within which the night is per m ' itted ; beyond , the right is indignantly denied . Men may differ am squabble o \ er particular texts , hut they ' must not exercise their privat

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      Apbh .. 1 , 185 . 4 . ] THE L / EiABER ; m %

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), April 1, 1854, page 307, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2032/page/19/