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    advance , "HenceTorwarfl a , ^ great And growing reliance in the navy toD . consist in the boys who are admitted as apprentices ; lmtthe most is not made of- "that "resource , wlrile the regulations and practice of * ihe < SFa"yy tend to Jceep out a very eligible class or" tAKktkaates . "The altered state of our soclal'wlatioiisiiihe growth of moneyed classes , the clecagi ^ of the "landed gentry , the excessive multipScafio ^ Tjf ' ^ . 'the ^ xineasy classes / ' have conspired tOrtsaH into existence a numerous order of voun ?

    men , / processing considerable spirit , who would l * &' »^ vafnaljle contingent for . any force . Many a BMto'inHaiegpDsition o £ a * £ entleinan , either with ox wfflwnrt 'prOfeafiional means , has sons whom he nxwfld ^ gladfyjpush forward in a venturous ' career , iPtfoem ^ ere arfair chance that by fidelity , courage , andicapaclt ^ , ' the son could work his way from an aj ^ reuUcA * lii p _ t 6 a commission . Were that done , tsot oi 3 y % vtifiA * an additional number "be brought within ^ e available resources of the Navy , but anoflter : eflfect Would ensue . A class- of

    eduotteoV H ^ utng . would continually be filtering Through the ranks of the common men to the ^ tajrter « - : deckj and it is most probable that with a judicious , but not very difficult supervision , this class-would : rather lend a higher sptirit to the men , ^ 9 uto be In itself contaminated by the intercourse . \ , S « ch a practice works -well in the American navy . If a Tranklin Pierce Jelt no ^ j $ b % &aa ( & to jtake Jhe brown musket off a volun-!^^ S ^ I ^ >? >?^^ <» Wa ^ xaDkUn > Pierce SfeS ^ C ^ f & £ *** - ® asM . ^« p « S 5 ? T ^' S ) w ana jn like , manner every apprentice mithe American jnavy has a chance xnfrisine ttf ^ tugl ^ i ^ Vth * force .

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    ¦ :: « . Wmw ^ &CFFPOKmm WAB AGAINST . - ' . /¦ ¦* ¦ ¦ '¦ : :: - ¦ ¦ •¦ ¦ J BffJSSI& . J ^ la ^ 3 (^ 'time ' seenra"to lave come irhexiEngland c « n no longer continue the sacrifices wiich she has- made to maintain the legitimist system in Igig ^ P ^ &y ^^^^ Hch she-tootea -so itttrchjikukiey ^ jam men ^ during the Jong war , and W ^^^ "W ^^^ - ' 5 " | % ^ en ^ iBac ^ c « d'liex , paEU ^^ ftW ^ ISi 8 - * na ; fter . "honour , is so inherently mm * Mr ™™*^ ™* $ 7 fif ^ ryears al liance , ii niia iiuuH unaaie to Jt

    »^ uexaeu enaure . longer taS ^^ tM ^^^ j drifting , by the force of streams ^^ wb ^^ 'dOTBrs '' have OTiened the sluices , into a iM ^^^^^ Um ^ eari relations . Some amongst us ira'iiariddeH at th . e prospect . "For our own S ^ J ^ SBfi ^ S ^ ? - tY & * * £ ** « 5 arcely any r ^ lllWfl ^ with a country so pt > werW and so endowed with instinctive ielfi ^ K ance agj'England , and'go long waiving her own wwerinoiaex to tolerate iniquity , ^ niie . w . ebe-Bevethat a'feeble policy , "by tryingto retain profitless ^ relations , might sacrifice the opportunity that to

    almost rivals our own specimen of that commodity . The Russian system , -with its immense grasping of territory , its enormous armies , its unbounded lying , its innumerable intrigues , its army of spies , its bad faith , its cruelty and barbarism , —that system is maintained to keep up the Emperor that sits at the top of it . The Emperor is the object of the whole ; and what , then , is he ? He . is a very tall man . If you cannot , by taking thought , add a cubit to your stature , neither can envy take a cubit from his stature , —save in a way which has

    been used to shorten monarchs . At present he remains his full length . He also boasts being a very Jine man , of noble proportions—large in the chest , small in the waist , dignified in bearing , unfenown to fear . It is said , indeed , that ivb . en the revolution which succeeded the murder of one brother and displaced a mad brother to mate way for the cadet , called Nicholas , to the throne , he was so panic-stricken , that his friends dragged him form from his places of refuge , pale and trembling , and that doubts were expressed whether anything could ever be made of " such an Emperor . " However , he was thrust into the place

    this seated upon thrones ; and is is suspected of our Court that it would gladly enter into the same speculation , even to set upon the throne of France another imbecile doll called Henry the Fifth . Tn keeping Europe a vast toy-shop , a continent las been sacrificed to a petty human idolatry ; and with the sacrifice of a continent , the trade of a continent has been denied to England . It is time to cease that p 6 licy , or c » ther : to : reverse it . In the last war , England became the champion of the Austrian system ; throughout the peace she

    has been , in fact , the aider arid abettor of the Austrian system ; and the penalty tolls has been , the destruction of constitutional , powers on the Continent—a menace to our own ^ freedom , a loetft of influence , and prevention of commerce . In any new war , our course should be exactly itae opposite . If we support principles which we have proved to be conducive to freedom , and to the stability of the State , it is our duty to champion * hose principles abroad as well as at home ; the mtve so , since by doing that we constitute every state on the Continent a brother state of ours , with

    sympathies , interests , and principles in common * We have formerly shown that constitutional freedom in England and America is conducive to aeactension of commerce- No country can compaett with us in that respect Ours is the land of ? order asvwdl as of freedom . ; and we are nottheesaferibcr permitting disorder ito ^ extend : its tyrannical sway oponthe Continent . In jtfcse laafc war twetpaidan thousand millions—a thousand millions , it is an item wortii remembering—to establish onnenemies . In the nextnvarvwe muRtseek ^ Oiestablbhourifriends ; and assuredly ^| ^ Ti iaA tperfect homesiy anil justice , seek to regain Jhe equivalent of the fabe and wicked sacrifice ate 4 hen raad « . iRussia and

    Austria have forced : ns intoitbis ^ reata « stionr and conscience . avwell ^ as opportunity permits ins to take from them the icosts of the * action . If * he people of England watch their Government weQ they -may make the next-war dispositive profit ita England , « b well as a blessing to tthe ContixceJit and a safety to all .

    endowed with power , and the exercise of power has given him some sort ofVigetny Nevertheless , even alter long years 6 f practice in bravado , fear could reach the imperial soul . When the floating bridge broke down on his way to Warsaw , alarmed at the omen , he turned back . He usually travels with a Peterborough celerity , not as rushing to "business or to victory } l > ut as incessantly flying to outrun an intercepting fate . In the . last Turkish war , when at Varna , lie prudently kept a steamer of his own off the port with the steam _ _ taw _ _ _ _ JL _ — _ _ - _ _

    up ; and his guards could' tell how , in the dead of the night , the dread potentate has called them in with imaginary fears , and resented the dulness that could find no danger to justify his panic . Inchest he is a Theseus- ^ by ^ favour of military padding ; in waist an Adonis—by favour of military tignt-lacing . The "waist has been tlxe great anxiety of the imperial mind . Somebody had the audacity to let the sound reach the . imperial ear , that the imperial person was growing fat ; on which Nicholas rushed about -his court in his

    dressing-gown , demanding a denial of the assertion from everybody lie met . When Louis the Fourteenth deplored the loss of his teeth , a complaisant courtier , - 'flashing his own ivories , exclaimed , " Ah ! Sire , -who has teeth : ? " But the Russian courtiers were much more able to satisfy the occasion : instead of denying their own teeth , they asserted the teeth into the imperial head , and would have asserted good digestion if it were necessary : the waist was declared to continue " fine by . degrees and beautifully less . " Bat there is a secret sorrow that even the imperial padding cannot keep off . The Marquis de Custine states , that Nicholas labours under the usual effects of

    tight-lacing , and that , as often happens with schoolgirls addicted to the practice , when he unlaces , which is sometimes necessary , he faints . " Uneasy lies the waist that wears « . corset 1 " And that is the flower of the Russian system 0 ! It is to keep that cruel , although doll at the top , that the cruel Russian system is maintained ; and our - Government has helped to maintain it . The doll has been costly to us ; though , not quite so much so as it has to the Russian people . A remarkable phenomenon is observed in the

    English trade . It has been customary to make advances of English capital upon the Russian crops of the following year—advances which practically supply the capital for bringing those crops into the market . The Emperor , however , by blockading the Danube , And by refusing any guarantee to merchants ha St . Petersburg , has effectually frightened our moneyed men ; and no man now speculates in Russian crops . Contrary to the practice , there has not been , a single transaction for the North or South of Russia . Englishmen can turn their money to otherjoccu pat ions ;

    can employ it ^ profitably , in the American trade , in Australia , or in India ; but the Russian peasantry will . bitterly miss the tirueLy assistance which has enabled their trade to go on . They do not miss those other millions yearly "which might come to them in a free exchange of trade with England , because the cruel doll at tie top has constantly prevented that trade from existing . If once wo could thrown down the idol , and 6 et free the people of Russia , an immense commerce would start into existence as the consequence of the freedom . In the last war , England spent nearly & thousand millions for the purpose of keeping dolla like

    is ^ owpffcrea us , we are convinced ^ that a bold bni ^ pr&cilcal policy would not only enable England to . come but of the contest with honour and advanta ^ % ult wouTd positively return a commercial prorfit . : '" ' . 3 n the ; lirtt place ,, is it -worth while to continue the . present System ? Wlat is its object ? The main object or the present system is to retain upon theihrones oTRussia , Prussia , Austria , and some smaller states , the persons , who occupy those thrones , andnahK ) to prevent what is called " diso * &eT in 'Europe . The purpose of maintaining the "throned individuals isto secure " stability in and the

    , the state , " and a certain sacred hnniunity for n ^^ pewdns ; purpose of preventing disorifer w "to secure the safety of persons , the fireedom of Individuals to act within the law , security . of jproperty , and the opportunity of growth ^ jfor commerce . TTow it is a remarkable &Ct , thkt in proportion to the power concentrated in those crowned individuals , they appear to become moreiincapable of maintaining tte stability of "their Own'thrones ; while in the government of then

    * subjects they inflict slavery upoa all , personal danger upon the individual , and actually keep down the , growth of commerce . There is no exception to that in proposition . As Prussia is moderate and constitutional , her King is stable , her subjects are free , and commerce extends , —the bitter not very greatly . But Russia and Austria , which are the great exemplars of concentrated power , are also the exemplars of unstable thrones , terrorism , and anti-commerce . The present Emperor of Austria is a cadet , forced into the throne

    by a revolution which displaced an idiot ; and he occupies one state , Hungary , without having taken that . oath that should qualify him for being its Sovereign . The Emperor of Russia aspires to be " * the finest gentleman in Europe , " and ho

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    THE RIG-HT OF BBEAD . Westjunsteb is a city famed Set itefliberal principles , and especially for that kind of liberalism which boasts of being wise , discreet , and just * But ho / w does It -treat"the poor , ? I * et us look to the dignified parish of , St . Margaret ' s ,, . and see how the po 6 r fare close under the wing , of Parliament . We find that in . that parish , thepoor ^ seeking shelter in utter destitution , are driven away * The giddy infirmity of hunger is treated < a » profligacy ; and theincompetencyfor hard workis prosecuted as a , crime . Early last week Mary Ann Hewitt came before Mr . Arnold , the magistrate , and told him that , . after wandering for . thpae

    nights in the streets ; she was refuted admission to St . Margaret ' s vforkhause . The magistrate sent her . with an order for admission . On Wednesday last , however , she was brought ^ up before th . e magistrate as a prisoner , focused of refusing ^ to work . She pleaded illness , after a broken leg , tas her excuse for not executing the work of blanketwashing ; which Mr . Lavers , the parish surgeon , admitted to be beyond her strength . So , here are the authorities of a parish "persecuting & wretched woman .

    Their defence , however is worse than . their act . Mr . JElliott , the workhonse # ma 8 ter , stated vagary that the . parish doctor * ' had considered her ecokn petent . to work ; ' that she was a drunkard and «* prostitute ; a jiefence which unplies the doctidne that veorkhouse-maaters may sit in Judgment on the dissolute , and condemn them to the horrible sentence of death by starvation ot exposure sto . the weather . Mr . Arnold corrected the master ' *

    notion of law : the woman ' s destitution constituted an absolute right to relief . The master pleaded another excuse , still more monstrous . "I admitted , " he said , " until the place was full ; " so that relief for the destitute and , houseless is to bejmensured by an arbitrary allowance of house-room in the very parish whene Paa > - liament sits ! But , it appears , the case is not singular . w Ithard

    was , " said Mr . Elliott , " that the parish should be maligned by such a statement ; " and then again ho said , for the feelings of the manr were evidently touched , " It can be proved that the woman is a notorious drunkard and prostitute , and it is a shame thut the parish should be slandered and maligned by » uch a person ; " and ev e * a third time he cried , "She speaks against a parish that is famed for its good treatment of the poor . " Mr . Arnold contradicted the assertion on tbfl

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    38 THE LEADER . [ Sa ! tijiu * a * , . a , ¦ ——¦ . . : ¦ ¦ ' - ' * —

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 14, 1854, page 38, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2021/page/14/