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    damages j the plaintiffs in : the other actions , 50 L , except the two married couples who got 701 . We are bound to say that the captain , the surgeon , and the purser , declared the food sufficient , and the cabin accommodation good . An attempt to put down distributions of pictures' by lottery , by summary process , at Bristol , has failed . Mr . Bodkin , on the part of Government , prosecuted Mr . King , a distributor on the plan of the fine arts distribution . The magistrates thought the offence charged had been committed , but that they had no power of dealing with it summarily . . Lord Stamford heard voices in his preserves ; he went towards them and found three poachers , one of whom he collared ; but the men turned on him and beat him , and he had to find his way home with a good thrashing . Two hawkers haye fought a pitched battle near Hull , and one was killed .

    The case of the steamer Emperor , in which the Glasgow folks took pleasure tripg on Sundays , is before the Edinburgh Court of Session oh appeal . It is a singular fact , that during the last week , Mr . William Baker , the coroner for East Middlesex , has held no fewer than twenty inquests on the bodies of children suffocated by being overlaid by thsir parents . The deaths from suffocation always increase about this season of the year ,, but the mortality for the past seven days supersedes all previous returns . The coroner has had six cases in one day , and the deaths have chiefly taken place in St . Mathew , Bethnal-green , Shoreditch , Mile-end New-town , Hackney , SL George ' s in the East , Eatcliff , Sfc . Ann , Limehouse , All Saints , Poplar , St . Leonard , Bromley , St . Dunstan , Stepney , St . Luke ' s , Old-street , Stoke Ivfewington , and "Wap-P ing .

    Garotte robberies have recently been common in Manchester . Here are specimens : —On Monday night Mr . Councillor Ainsworth , of Manchester , was robbed of a purse containing two half-sovereigns , in the Hyde-road , near Ardwick-green , by two men , who nearly deprived him of sense by clasping him round the neck . An attempt on Saturday evening last , about half-past seven o ' clock , on Mr . Samuel Lees , a cotton-spinner , was successfully resisted . Mr . Lees was walking past the Rushalme-road Chapel , in Upper Brook-street , when a man tripped behind with a light step and clasped him round the neck .

    He threw off the man , however , though he nearly dropped on his knees before he could get his h ^ ad free . He struck out with his walking-stick , hitting the man on the left temple , and knocked him . down just as several other men rushed to the spot , but who were deterred by threats from renewing the attack . The man who had made the attack followed Mr . Lees , bleeding copiously , and made two more springs at him , but-was felled each time with great violence by blows of the walking-stick . These are the lessons needed . The fact is , the Manchester men must go armod . Peace principles won't do . It was the " garotte" that Nicholas tried upon Turkey .

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    The Hereford and Shrewsbury , Railway was opened for public traffic on Tuesday , with due pomp and feasting . The Longford Journal states that the Right Reverdnd Dr . Kilduff , the recently-appointed Roman Catholic Bishop of Ardagh , " in an address to the congregation after mass , on Sunday last , in tho most praiseworthy manner denounced the Ribbon system and the vilo attempt to assassinate Mr . Hearn , " and stated that , " much as tho term c informer' was despised and repudiated by tho body of tho people , ho himself would act the part , and drag forward the members of the Ribbon Society , and stop such vile crimes , which brought odium on tho country . " This is a good sign for Ireland .

    It Heems likely that , aa Christmas day falls on a Sunday , Monday Avill bo pretty generally observed throughout tho country as a holiday . Tho Lord Mayor of London has stated that most of tho city firms will suspend business on that day , although probably tho Bank may not bo able to do so . The Democratic party in the United States has a largo majorit y , both in tho Senate and Houso of Representatives .

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    An inquest htin been held on tho body of an infant , which died in eoniequenoe of its parents being abut out from tho Marylobone Workhouse . The parents worn in a sad plight . Tho father was paralyzed on one Hide , tho mother Hoomed imbecile at the inquont . They had both boon inmates of tho houno in tho spring ; but when tho paralytic fathor could nofc earn enough to keep life in thorn in the autumn , they were not admitted . Receiving partial and inadequate relief out of doors , dependent on tho charity of a lodging-lumao keeper , one night they found t'houiHelvos without shelter . The mother wrapped tho bnb y in her shawl , and it died . Tho jury severely condemned tho authorities for not Admitting tho parents .

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    Saturday , ' December 1 . 0 . '' " inn now diplomatic phase of tho Tureo- Russian question haa now come ( lintinotly before the public through tho eolumiiB of the Monhcur , repented and explained ' > y the ' / ' /' men . The Four Powers have signed a ( Jolectivo Note and a Protocol . "The Colleotivo Note , " sayn the Times , " if wo are < -oi--Teetl

    y informed of its tenoiir , does no more than state tho < M » meHt dortin , a f i \ w i \ mr powers to slop the effusion of *> ukkI , and obviate the danfer * of a war which already MriouHl y threatens tho security of lOuropo . For this puvl' »« e , and inamnuch as Russia has already given anam-iinees o her readiness to treat , the allied Courts lender their good . hoes ; » ind , nH a preliminary "top , they request to ho inlormod < m what terms the Turkish Government is prepared to open himjU it negotiation . Tho mode iu wliioli the

    negotiation might be opened would be by the appointment ot a lurkish and a Russian plenipotentiary to meet in conference , not alone , but with the representatives of the Four Great Powers ; and , in the meantime , the conclusion of ? an armi 3 tice is recommended . The Protocol , signed at the same time , and originally proposed by France , is a document expressing in more precise and detailed language the views and mutual engagements of the Four Powers themselves ; and , whatever may be the fate of the fresh overture now made to the belligerent States , this declaration places in an authentic form the assurances which Russia herself has heretofore made , and the resolution of the mediating Powers to insist on their fulfilment . Neither of these documents contains anything menacing or overbearing either to Russia or to Turkey , and , while there is no misplaced deference to one empire , there is no attempt to dictate conditions to the other . "

    In the article published by the official organ of the French Government , we find this paragraph : — _ " It would savour of presumption if we were to consider the Oriental question as settled . "We must even be prepared to watch its progress through various phases . -But the understanding ( accord ) which Austria and Prussia acknowled ge to have come to with the Cabinets of Paris and London , will henceforward suffice to dispel the apprehensions which have kept Europe in suspense for the last tsn months . Indeed , the real danger of the situation lay n the possibility of a , division of the Powers into two camps . There is now no further cause for such a fear . " The Morning Post puts the question in a nother light : —

    "It is believed that Austria and Prussia have so far committed themselves to the views and ideas of the Western Powers , that in the event of a hostile collision between the forces of England and France and those of Russia , the German Powers will , at least , stand completely neutral , and thus the fearful war which would desolate Europe ^ were they to side with Russia , will be avoided . At the same time , it is with regret that we express our opinion that a war between the Western Powers and Russia—confined , in all probability , to the Black Sea and the Turkish territory—seems inevitable . It would be foolish to delude ourselves with the expectation that the arrangements recently effected at Vienna , however valuable in themselves , will be productive of any immediate effect , as far as a pacific settlement of the Eastern question is concerned . ' On the contrary , ' in the words of the Monitour , ' it must be expected to pass through various phases ; ' and we will add , one of those phases must be war . "

    The Daily News throws distrust on the Protocol , and demands its production in eocteiiso . " In the first place , the Protocol is currently reported at Vienna—it is the common-town talk—that Russia will start no objections to the terms of tho Protocol—that indeed Russia has already' been consulted in the matter . This may be no more than the gossip of quidnuncs , but the previous cxperienco of the Vienna Note ought to teach the necessity of ascertaining that it m so . Again , the Monitour ' s account of the basis upon which it is proposed to re-establish peace is far from satisfactory . Tho conditions are to be alike honourable to both parties . These are vague words , and may meaji anything 1 or nothing . One condition is to be tho

    maintenance of the territorial integrity of the Ottoman Empire . So far good , "" but there is only one guarantee that the Four Powers can give—or the Ottoman Government accept—of their bond fide determination to maintain this integrity , and that is to insist upon tho withdrawal of the Russian troops , to the last man , from the Ottoman territory , before the negotiations for peace are begun . Another condition is said to be , that tho presonfc war can in no manner lead to modifications in the state of possession ' which time has consecrated' in the East . If it shall jpmve that this is a correct description of one of tho conditions recommended as a basis of peace , there will be not a shadow of a doubt left that the Protocol which embodies it has been dictated in bad faith . "

    The ncw . s from the Danube i ' h unimportant ; but we hear from Ania that Abdi Pasha is marching upon Tiffin . The Queen , of 1 X 0 " guns , left Malta for Constantinople , on the 2 ( ith ult . The . LontUm , of 90 guna , which arrived on the 27 th , / sailed on December 2 nd to join tho fleet in the Bosphorus .

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    Tho Poor Law Hoard have intimated to the Marylebone Board of ( Jluardians that aa official inquiry will be made to ascertain the truth as regards the death of the infant , whose parents were not admitted into the house . Tho ollicials implicated loudly complain of tho unfair conduct of tho coroner ' s inquest . A . very influential deputation from tho parish of St . . James ' s , waited yesterday on . Sir William Molosworth to point out that tho Huild in ^ Act gives no powers for tho removal of nuisances . Mr . Itennoeli has resigned his oflieo ns Deputy for the Ward of Cripplegale Within . Since ho gave evidence before the Commission , iiiHiills have met him at every turn in the Corporation . lie Ihinlui the doubtful honour of belonging to it " is not worth the positive annoyance ; and ho long as the . Common Council is constituted as at present , I am resolved to enter it no more . " The open Court at the Custom House sat yesterday for the first time .

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    A m : hool-boy has brought an action against his master , the Reverend Dr . llumphreyH , Master of the Cheltenham ( jJnuninar School , and obtained four guineas damages . Tho boy had been brutally flogged , at the order of the master , by a ( Irill-tierjoant . Tho descriptions of tho hoy ' s back , as it appeared after punishment , are truly shocking . The log whh ho dense at Manchester , on Tluirculay , that throe persons lost , their liven . Numbers of woman and children wevo mot who eoukl not lhul thoir way homo .

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    THE NEW ALLIANCE OF EUROPEAN POWERS . The Four Powers are at it again ., and this time with the show of a better chance than'they havo yet had of putting a stop to general war . Austria and Prussia appear to haye come into the arrangement in a more hearty manner ; and if so there can be little doubt that the peace of Europe afc large will be preserved . Austria , France , England , and Prussia , aided by Turkey , and many minor Powers of Europe , would bo able to keep Eussia in check . We are not sure , however , that the advantage of preventing the Avar will

    be attained without a co 3 t which must be regretted . No one can believe that the Pour Powers would unite upon any project beneficial to the peoples of Europe . We do not believe that there is any care for the peoples of Europe . We may cast France out of the account , for although it is manifest that the Emperor Napoleon has not paid great deference to the French nation in the manner of his attaining-power , it is not less manifest that his ambition- takes that form which would call for the active assistance of a martial people , and thus by his actions ho

    must inevitably become identified with the French nation . Indeed the kind of violence which he has put upon the French people is not so repugnant to the public in that country as it would be in England . The sufferings which lie has inflicted upon individuals are such as most parties in Franco have not scrupled to inflict upon their opponents ; and while numbers of individuals naturally nurse a resentment for old wi-ongs , the great body of the j > cople appears to

    have condoned his trespasses , and to regard him as the public leader who best represents the sentiments of the whole . We are inclined to believe that it is so . No political party has so completely taken up the idea of rendering Franco great by brilljanfc exploits , in diplomacy , in commerce , or on the field as the man whose greatness must bo worked out through the nation . If Napoleon has any hold upon , power it is by being moro French than any French party .

    . But what sincerity has Frederick William shown in professing respect for his beloved lirrlinersP So long as they applaud his gracious acts of popularity , he is content to be a mild autocrat , a sort of schoolmaster , wif h a . sahre in hjs hand , prepared to keep naughty boys in order by foreo of " pancakes , " not inflicted with the flat of the sword ; but when they presumed to have a will of ( heir own separate from his royal projects , he dragooned or cannonaded them . Austria , who has kept her best province in a state

    or martial law since . 18 IH , has lor tho vital , object of her political system to keep down tho peoples ; . she is only afraid lest in si general disturbance the whole might ho shaken . Our own Government appears about to disappoint even the socalled free English people of ( ho franchise which was promised to the iniuority by Lord John Kussell—a promiso which his colleagues will no !; let him ful / ii . Our ( lovenunent habitually conducts tho national affairs towards foreign nations in privacy , and the nation towards foi-eign states is represented by a clique which maiiiuroH after

    its own fashion , ami which exhibits more sympathy with other ollicials of whatsoever country than with tho vulgar at home . Wo arti not to expect , therefore , that a conclave of the Four Powers will do anything to favour the peoples The grand object is to hush up everything that can disturb courts and cabinets in tho enjoyment of power and pelf . Much objection lias been excited at the general , description of the arrangement contemplated by tho Pour Powers , a declaratory act to m-event any alteration of tho territorial \ uTuugoijaout iu

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    December 10 , 1853 . ] THE LEADE R . 1185

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    There is "nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the wor . d is by th * verv ^¦ w oi its creation in eternal progress—Djj Arnold

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    == SATTODAY JDECEMBEIt 10 , 1853 .

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• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 10, 1853, page 1185, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2016/page/9/