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Leader (1850-1860), 10th December 1853, Edition Town of 2, Page 1180, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      licrs of this order , taken from the most distinguished men which Germany possesses in science , letters , and the arts , without : regard to nationality or religion . In the number is M . Meyerbeer .

      Untitled Article

      FLOGGING RUSSIAN SAILORS AT PORTSMOUTH . "We find the following story in the papers : — The public have been informed that the Russian frigates Aur-ora and Navarin have been allowed to enter Portsmouth harbour -for purposes of repair . Some little time ago some of the sailors belonging to those shi ps not relishing the service in which they had been compulsorily engaged , determined to take advantage of the immunity afforded to them by the laws of our free country , and to leave the service of the Czar . Accordingly six of them having contrived to get on shore at Portsmouth , proceeded towards London , and

      had nearly reached Guilford , when they were overtaken by aii officer of the Russian frigate Aurora , accompanied by an English inspector of police , and were by them brought back by railway to Portsmouth . Here they were placed on board the English ship Victorious , that vessel having been placed at the disposal of the captain of the Aurora , for the accommodation of himself and his crew during the execution of the repairs required by their frigate the Aurora . The deserters thus brought back , were confined on board the Victorious , and as it is asserted were submitted there by the Russian officers to severe corporal punishment . These infractions of the law of England became known in

      London . Persons proceeded to Portsmouth to ascertain the circumstances of the case , and on their instructions an affidavit was made in due form , and a writ of Habeas Corpus was issued by Mr . Justice Wightman , directed to Rear-Admiral Martin , the Admiral Superintendent of Dockyard at Portsmouth , and as such commanding all the ships in ordinary in that harbour ; to Capt . Edward Hi nton Scott , the Captain of the Guard-ship of the Ordinaiy ; to Capt . I wan Nikolajewiez IslamatifF , commanding the Russian frigate Aurora , and to any other person having the custody of the sailors in question ( their names being set out at length ) , commanding them in the name of the Queen

      of England to have the bodies of the said sailors immediately before the Lord Chiet Justice of England . On this writ being served on Rear-Admiral Martin he declined to obey it until he had communicated with the Admiralty . Captain Scott being absent on leave , could not be served , but the writ was served upon Commander William Worsfold , officiating for Captain Scott in bis absence . This officer ' s answer was that he would consult the officer commanding in chief at Portsmouth . The writ was next taken to the Captain of the Aurora . The Russian declined receiving it ( although its nature was fully explained to him ) except through the Russian Ambassador or consul . The

      consul being absent the Vice-consul was waited on and his assistance requested , but he positively re ' used to interfere , alleging the absence of his superior as his excuse . The writ was then again taken on board the Aurora , but the person bearing it was refused access . to the captain nnd not allowed to come on board , and when it was tendered to the lieutenant , who appeared at the gangway , that officer declined receiving it . The bearer then , as he went down the side of the ship , placed it in through one of the port-holes , but the lieutenant having perceived this , took the writ up and threw it from the ship , and it fell into a boat alongside . There are witnesses ready to attest all these facts .

      It ifi said that' the sailors were mado drunk , and seduced i'rom their duty by Polinh refugees ; but we believe there is not any truth in the statement . The Aurora , Captain Islamatiff , sailed from Portsmouth , on Wednesday , for the Pacific , and has thus terminated the matter of the JTabeuH Corpus writs for the recovery of the bodios of the re-eaptured deserters from her . The day before the writs were again sent down there from London , being addressed to the Commander-in-chief and Commander Worsfold , of the Neptune , commanding them in thn Queen ' s name to produce not only the hix men in question before the

      Lord Chief Justice , but also to bring the Ruhh ' kui captain himself before that dignitary . . Acting upon advice , these officers , however , though most courteous , again declined to obey the writ , except by the orders of the Admiralty , the men not being in any way in their custody or power . Jn the meantime every effort wan made to get the ship to sea . 8 ho was towed out of harbour to » Spithcu < l in the afternoon , and hor powder and shell following , she took them on board . At sunrise the next morning Hlio wan observed through ( he log to be petting under weigh , and in another hour ' s time slie fired a parting salute , and wan noon out of sight .

      The KiiHHia . ii corvette , Nurarm , is still in dock , undergoing a thorough re-caulking and repair . A number of dockyard men are engaged upon her . Mr . 0 'liarlcn Ronalds , the solicitor who obtained the writ , denies three false Hta . tenientu in the 'I'ivicsnamely , that the men wen ; deduced l > y Poles ; that the writ WdH produced to the captain on board the Aurora ; whereaH it wan on board the Victorious ; and that the writ was thrown from the nort-holo of the I'higliHh whip .

      Untitled Article

      TURKEY AND RUSSIA . The following resolutions will be submitted to the meeting which will be held at Newcastle ^ on Monday , Mr . George Crawshay in the chair : — - " 1 . That , in the opinion of this meeting , the aggressions of Hussia upon Turkey , unprovoked and 1 unprincipled as they are ' acknowledged to be by the rest of Europe , ought to command , on behalf of the Sultan , the sympathies , of all Englishmen , and the most serious attention of the British Government ; not only as regards the abstract justice of the cause of Turkey , which no one denies , bufc as regards the imminent peril to the liberty and civilization of Europe , from thr ambitious and encroaching policy of the Russian Government .

      " 2 . That this meeting has seen with satisfaction the repeated assurances , given on various occasions , by more than one of her Majesty ' s Ministers , of the full determination of her Majesty , in concert with her ally , Louis Napoleon , Emperor of the French , to preserve the independence of the Sultan and of Turkey , ' at all hazards ; ' but that , nevertheless , it appears to this meeting that the exigence has now assumed a shape which renders it indispensable that her Majesty should seek the advice of her Parliament with as little delay as possible , in order that the British nation may know the position in which they stand with the aggressive power—Russia , as well as what exertions and what sacrifices may be required at their hands , in order to enable her Majesty at onco to .. cement her alliance with the French nation and their Emperor , for the purpose of offering a consistent and determined resistance to the policy and proceedings of the Russian Government .

      " 3 . That a loyal memorial to her Majesty , based upon these resolutions , be adopted by this meeting , signed by the Mayor on behalf of the meeting , and entrusted to Lord John Russell for presentation to hpr Majesty . " Newcastle , the first to move in this matter , is certain not to flinch from her manly course on this

      oc-. We readily give currency to the testimony to the character of the Turks , of the Reverend Henry Christmas , contained in a lecture delivered by him at the Southwark Literary Institution . He told his hearers that the principal beauties of Constantinople were its bazaars and mosques , both of which were numerous and magnificent . Every bazaar had niches in thesides of the wall , in which sat bearded and turbaned Turks , smoking their pipes , and coolly awaiting for purchasers of their wares . Every bazaar sold a particular article , and that when any one went to buy he must be prepared to be asked for the article he was in want of ten times as much as it was worth ,, but in other respects the Turk was perfectly honest ; indeed , he would rather

      have his hand cut off than tell a lie . The mosques , some of which were 152 feet high , were magnificent , which was all he could say of them ; it was out of his power to describe their beauties . The Turks were exceedingly ignorant , but had a great respect for all Christians . He knew of no race so religious as the Turks , and they were not , like some nations , afraid of being ridiculed . The reverend lecturer , after giving various anecdotes illustrative of Turkish hospitality , described the dress and arms of their military , and said it was a great error to suppose they were weak in their army ; indeed it was his opinion that when they came face to face with the " red haired unbelievers , " as they called the Russians , that the army of Nicholas , great as it was , would sink beneath that of the Sultan .

      The news of Turkish victories , borne to America , has created a great sensation . The Washington Union contains the following paragraph , which , however , from that pretentious journal , must be received witn caution : — " A Now York paper gave an Extra to the public , containing the news , and says , editorially , what the Administration feel— 'A general continental war avouIiI seem t . o lie inevitable . But , from the first , we wore < linposed to believe the Czar would not ' keep the ring , ' and thin opinion is still unchanged . The pluck of tlioSultnn wo never doubted , lie in full of fight , and will not submit to any conditions from bin adversary , as long us a Cossack foe trends upon Turkish soil . ICvery American heart must bo enlisted lor

      bin HUCoesH . The good of every land must espouse tin ; cause of ( be oppressed against the oppreNnor , and give it moral support . In bucIi a contest an Russia is engaged in , she can have no friends . If nho has to make im ignominious retreat from the Principalities to the tune of the ' . Rogue ' n March , ' enlightened Immunity will rejoioo nt , the necessity which occasioned the disgrace . Vve have an litlle confidence in her prowess an we have in her integrity . The Serf is far from being the equal of the Turk in eonibiit . The engagements already reported are conclusive on this point . ' It jiIho thinks Turkey will b ( 5 an overmatch for tho Czar , hut if . she wniit . H help nlie will receive from Kranee an niueli an nho desires . Them have been long eonforencon At , tbe White Mouse to-day . "

      Untitled Article

      AMERICAN INVENTIONS . Two recent American inventions havo been brought out , which have excited very great interest . Talbot ' s tunneling machine ban just been tried , with complete success ; and it has been demonstrated that moimtiiiiiH of primitive stone and the hardest rooloi in the earth can be mieeoHnfully and economically tunneled by the agoncy of Htwun applied to thin new invention . The slow and expensive process of perforating by the drill and bluHt will be thrown aside . In the experiment of which I Hpeak , the machine , moved by a Hteani-ongino , eut- mi excavation of 17 feet in diameter through tho hardest rock at the rate of about three feet in two houiw . Tho procoHH coiwiHtH in cutting and crushing

      the rock by means of rotating discs of steel , in sue cessive serie 3 , which describe in their movement segments of circles from the centre to the circumference of the tunnel , with a gradual motion around the common centre ; while the steam-engine is constantly pressing the machinery on a direct line with the axis of the tunnel . The newest and most extraordinary feature of the application of this power- consists in the combination of different sets of discs , which act upon the entire surface to be excavated by a system of gradation perfectly regular , and by a power that is irresistible . The machine , which is worked so satisfactoril y , is made entirely of iron , and weighs about 75 tons , exclusive of the engine and boiler . One of the most h >

      teresting features of the exhibition was witnessed when the machine began to cut the rock in an oblique direction , fox-it was observed that those discs or arms wliich were cutting the stone moved with the same facility that those did which were playing in the air . Gradually the cutters described their curve , the great faceplate of 17 feet constantly revolved , throwing out and drawing back its arms with complete regularity , seizing and crashing the rock with irresistible power . Only four men are required to work this machine to the greatest advantage ; and two of them confine then * attention to the engine which propels it . There is no necessity for suspending the work day or night , except for those intervals when the cutters have to be

      sharpened , or new ones substituted . The amount of time and expense which is saved by the operation is incredible until its results are witnessed . It will readily occur that it supplies a want which has been felt in every department of civil engineering . It will revolutionize the whole system of railway construction , and it is regarded as one of the most wonderful inventions of any age . The second invention , which has excited almost the same amount of interest , it is not easy to give a distinct idea of . I therefore substitute for anything I might say the following description of the new submarine invention , written by an eye-witness specially qualified for his work : — -

      " The machine is of peculiar construction , being , in fact , a mechanical Nautilus , having the power of ascent and descent at will , entirely independent of suspension . In connexion with the machine at the surface is a reservoir of condensed ah * , which , according to depth of water , may contain from 201 b . to 1201 b . pressure of air to tho square inch . This compression is produced by a powerful pump , capable of throwing 4000 cubic feet of air per hour . By an interior arrangement of tanks , &c , a variable buoyancy may be given to the machine , capable of lifting weights of 10 or more tons . It can be held in suspension at any point of ascent or descent , thus allowing stones to bo raised clear from tho bottom , then transported and deposited in any precise spot . Movement is made in any direction by a series of three cables and anchors , worked from the inside . Ascent and descent arc effected in a most

      rapid manner . This facility of descent , change of buovancy , and power of movement under water , render this machine of great Aalue for all submarine purposes . Tho whole bed of a river may be explored from bank to bank . Treasure , pearl shells , corals , sponges , and all products under water may be easily gathered and sent to the surface without requiring the machine to rise . An arrangement of tlie machine permits the diggLng'of trenches under water , by which telegraph wires and water pipes may be Foundations of

      placed below the reach of anchors . piers may be prepared , and then built upon , obviating all crane work for raising or lowering stone , as all work of biting , transporting , and depositing is done by tbe machine itself . An arrangement is also made for attaching camels to sunken ships , in order to rai . se them by applying points or . support directly to the timbers of the ship . In a word , the power of condensed air , acting as a motor , does tho whole work , merely requiring two men inside , nnd one at the surface , to inarmce it . Mr . Loe , engineer of tho comeommentcu

      pany , entered with his men , and immediately the descent ;; depth of water , 30 feet . Ho toko tho "" t timo in four . seconds from the bottom , jumping almost clear from the water . Another descent followed , anu movement was made towards the stern of tho Aorc / i Carolina , rising again about 100 foot distant , xiw machine , capable of holding ten persons , was moved wun one hand by Mr . Clitz , who volunteered to descend . ^ party of gentlemen then entered and descended , renipvinf , ii ir . (¦ ..... , i :.,. ^ . « i / . ^\ I ' ...,,., « lwi lwillnin . OW 111 L the ( four foot in diameter ) from tbe bottom uwi t ,

      cover , to descent into the mud , tbe machine wm < started rapuiiy to the Kurliieo , jumping nearl y clem- of it , and im mediately disappearing . " After remaining hnlf-an-hour longer , im gentlemen re-appeared . The success of the machine was perfect . The experiment wan private , to receive . u > opinion of Home of our most talented oflieers ot cn £ ] . \' . Captain Hudson , Lioutomuit Boggn , and oflicwB <> ' l yard ; Captains Culluni and G ilmer , of tbe Uiutwl btiiu » ' iCngineei-H ; General Ward , B . Burnett , ami Mr- - »• *• Parke , of Philadelphia , an ulno a number ol our iirm in chants and captains , were present . But , one opinion

      expressed viz ., that a prnotteal machine for nil l P .., , wus obtained , Tbe dimensions of thin machine arc 111-greato-it < lininoler in the centre , and 8 loot nt top bottom ; height , 8 feet ; opening in bottom U >¦ w < through , 4 feel , Tho descent , is attained by MIOVI "h single valve ; ascent , by moving one air 1 IU < 1 01 Vj-,. oft valve . TJio mifoty of thin machine « great , oh , « ' ' Pi > uf < m . and ii 1 " . ) L .. uicii --- i

      I ' . cuiuior , j . roioNMor mm , «»» ..,,........, ,, -, Jvlr . Kentlonion , witnoHHtid oxjierimontu tit ' . lie" U 1 . '' : , tt-Walkm-nurl Dr . Jackson remaining below in « H ; » ' ™ J | tioif with the bottom at 37 feet for more than hiili-W 1 - '

      Untitled Article

      1 . ' ¦ •• '' " ¦¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ " ¦ ... 1180 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 10, 1853, page 1180, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2016/page/4/