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Leader (1850-1860), 15th October 1853, Edition Town of 2, Page 992, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      The question , Mr . Marcy goes on to say , must be decided by international law . He points out how Turkey , in 1849 , honourably refused to delivei ? up political refugees claimed by Austria , and how England and France approved of her refusal . This demand on the United States is but a revival of the same general claim on the part of Austria . He shows from the-best authorities that there are no treaties between Austria and Turkey which provide for tfie extradition of political offenders ; the Turkish ministers have denied the existence of any such treaties . Koszta had virtually given up all allegiance to the Emperor of Austria . And further , the Emperor recognised the severance of the usual ties between sovereign and subject .

      " B y the consent and procurement of the Emperor of Austria , Koszta had been sent into perpetual banishment . The Emperor was a party to the expulsion of the Hungarian , refugees from Turkey . The Sovereign by such an act deprives his subjects to whom it is applied of all their rights under his Government . He places them where he cannot , if he would , afford them protection . By such an act he releases the subjects thus banished from the bond of allegiance .

      " The proposition that Eoszta at Smyrna was not an ' Austrian subject , ' can be sustained on another ground . S 1 ™ r a decree of the Emperor of Austria of the 24 th of arch , 1852 , subjects leaving the dominions of the Emperor without permission of the magistrate and a release of Austrian citizenship , and with an intention never to return , become ' unlawfully emigrants , ' and lose all their civil and political rights at home . — (~ Ency . Amer . Tit . Immigration , 2 Kent's Com . 50 , 51 . )" '

      The statement that Koszta himself acknowledged his allegiance is " doubtful . " He then declares the situation of all the parties at Smyrna . The Turkish civil authority was not called into action , therefore all the parties were as free as if they were placed in some unappropriated region lying far beyond the confines of any sovereign state whatever . In this view '' Captain Ingraham would be fully justified . " He then argues beyond this point that Koszta , having a domicile in America , was invested with the nationality of that country . He proves by fact and by law , that Koszta had acquired a domicile in the United States , and did not lose it by his absence in Turkey . A stranger establishes a domicile by showing an intention to reside permanently in a country .

      " Tears are entertained that tins doctrine offers a facility for acquiring a national character which will lead to alarming abuses ; that under the shadow of it political agitators , intent upon disturbing the repose of their own or other countries , might come to the United States with a view to acquire a claim to their protection , and then to return to their former scenes of action to carry on , under a changed national character , tlieir ulterior designs with greater security and better success . This apprehension is believed to

      be wholly unfounded . The first distinct act done by them towards the accomplishment of these designs would disclose their fraudulent purpose in coming to and seeking a domicile in this country . Such a development would effectually disprove the fact that they acquired a domicile here , and witli it our nationality . " Without that nationality they could not be considered as standing under the protecting arm of the United States , and consequently could have no right to claim , and no reason to expect , it would be exerted in their defence . "

      Mr . Marcy then defends Captain Ingraham , by showing the first aggressive act was the seizure of Kosztathat the Austrian national ship was used an a prison , and , therefore , not entitled to the privileges of a sanctuary , and that Captain Ingrnham hud reason to believe that Koszta was about to be taken away , pending tho inquiry that had been instituted . Therefore the President cannot disapprove the course pursued by Captain Ingraham . " Captain Ingmhsim's interposition was , under the peculiar circumstances of the case , right and proper . "

      Untitled Article

      OUR SANITARY CONDITION . The cholera ha » abated in Newcastle , i « increasing in London , and is nlowly spreading ih Liverpool , mainly among emigrants . . From Dublin there aro Home cases , and a few from Loith . But both Ireland and Scotland are an yet almost free from the epidemic . " Sonic four or five crhoh" of cholera are reported from Dublin , but no particulars aro given . A fatal case of cholera occurred in Polsmd-Htroot , St . JamcH ' B . after fifteen hours' illneHB .

      A death , regitttereU diarrhoea , five < layB , and English eholeni , two < lay « , occurred on tho 8 th hurt .., at 11 ) , Carburton-Ntroe ' t , Fitzroy-square . Six fmnilioH reside in tho hoiine , which is ' dirty and dilapidated . The back yard Jh in a vary offonaivo condition . There in a filthy open privy in the front cellar ; the soil in on a level with the floor . The deaths , daily , at Newcastle , have fallen to two . The total number of deaths from oholorst and diarrhoea in Nowoantlo during the present , outbreak haH been 1477 . In the name period ( viz ., the firHfc forty-one days ) during tho prevalence of epidemic cholera there in 18 . TI-2 the number of deaths was 280 .

      , Of tho toted number who have porJshed by the epidomie in Newcastle , it appears that little more than one-Hcveiith were- under li > years of age , while onofourtconth wore above- 00 yeara of age . Up to thin time it would appear iVom tho roturn » that about 1000 able-bodied v > ertionn have boon destroyed . The average

      age of all whose ages have been returned up to this time , is 331 years . In Gateshead the number of deaths , during the week , has been 16 or 18 . " The total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in Gateshead to the present date has been 498 . During the like period ( viz ., the first thirty-five days ) in 1831-2 , the deaths amounted to 144 .- " In Liverpool , from the 8 th to the 10 th of October , there were 27 new cases of cholera—mostly among German emigrants , and some among the lower orders of the Irish living in the town . The later reports from the town have not been distinct in their statistics .

      In Stockton the cholera has been almost abated , owing to the active sanitary measures taken by the local authorities ; In Coldingham-by-Ayton the deaths , daily , have reached 3 . In Dunse , N . B ., they have averaged 1 each day .

      Untitled Article

      THE REVENUE . No . I . —Ajf Absxeacx of the Net Produce op tbu £ Revenue of Great Britain , in the Ybabs and Qcaetbbs endbu Oct . 10 , 1852 , aot Oct . 10 , 1853 , showing the Incebasb ob Deckeasb teeeeof . Years ended October 10 .

      Untitled Article

      In Berlin , Stockholm , Copenhagen , and St . Petersburgh , and , in general , along the shores of the Baltic , the cholera has declined .

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      9 $ 2 r THE LEADER . ' f& ± iri&i > A % ' .

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      1852 . 1853 . Increase . Decrease . £ £ £ £ Customs .... 18 , 713 , 510 19 , 075 , 029 361 , 519 Excise . 13 , 370 , 305 13 , 743 , 073 372 , 768 Stamps ..... 6 , 099 , 717 6 , 576 , 089 476 , 372 Taxes 3 , 143 , 892 3 , 171 , 051 27 , 159 PropertyTax 5 , 409 , 355 5 , 613 , 546 204 , 191 Post Office 996 , 000 1 , 041 , 000 45 , 000 Crown Lands . 220 , 000 402 , 888 182 , 888 Miscellaneous 292 , 295 182 , 262 ... 110 , 033 Total Ord . Revenue 48 , 245 , 074 49 , 804 , 938 1 , 669 , 897 110 , 033 Imprest and other Moneys , 608 , 070 742 , 550 133 , 880 Repayments of Advances 911 , 673 1 , 529 , 681 618 , 008 Total Income . 49 , 765 , 417 | 52 , 077 , 169 | 2 , 421 , 785 | 110 , 033 Deduct Decrease 110 , 033 Increase on the Year 2 , 311 , 752

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      Quarters ended October 10 .

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      1852 . 1853 . Increase . Decrease . £ £ £ £ Customs 5 , 036 , 809 5 , 157 , 476 120 , 667 Excise 4 , 303 , 755 4 , 309 , 229 5 , 474 Stamps 1 , 529 , 421 1 , 628 , 163 98 , 742 Taxes 159 , 215 129 , 219 ... 29 , 996 PropertyTax 1 , 915 , 581 1 , 940 , 048 24 , 467 Post Office 261 , 000 236 , 000 ... 25 , 000 Crown Lands 40 , 000 50 , 000 10 , 000 Miscellaneous 17 , 799 40 , 199 22 , 400 Total Ord . Itevcnue 13 , 263 , 580 13 , 490 , 334 281 , 750 54 , 996 Imprest and other Moneys 137 , 990 121 , 757 ... 16 , 239 Repayments of Advances I 234 , 042 441 , 254 207 , 212 Total Income ' 13 , 685 , 618 11 , 053 , 345 | 488 , 962 71 , 235 Deduct DccrcaKC 71 , 235 Increase on tho Quarter 417 , 727

      Untitled Article

      1852 . 1853 . . C . C Customs 5 , 056 , 866 5 , 178 , 271 J'lxciHO 4 , 313 , 591 4 , 310 , 259 ? Stamps 1 , 029 , 121 1 , 028 , 108 Taxes lf . 9 , 215 120 , 210 Property Tax 1 , 915 , 581 1 , 040 , 048 I ' oKtOlnee 2 ( 11 , < M )() 230 , 000 Crown Lands 40 , 000 00 , 000 Miscellaneous 17 , 799 40 , 190 linprost and other MoiinyH 51 , 425 3 « , r > 17 Produce of tho Kale of Okl Stores N < 5 , r > 71 85 , 2 , 'JO Kopaynicnts of Axlvancos 234 , 042 441 , 254 13 , 665 , 511 | l 4 , 081 , l « 9 OJIAHOIC .

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      No . IT .- —Tine Incomk and Ciiahgt ; op this Consolidated Fund , in Tint Quahtkum ksdhd Oct . 10 , 1852 and 1853 . Quarters ended October 10 . * INCOME .

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      1 N 62 . 1 H 53 . n a Permanent Debt 5 , 424 , 557 5 , 400 , 821 Toi-minablo Annuities 1 , 303 , 492 1 , 302 , 595 Sinking Fund 4 iW , 3 ( H > 892 , 156 Tlie Civil List Jtf > , » H 2 ft » , 5-M ) Otlicr ChaixcHon IhoCoiiHolidaled Fund ... 378 , 24 (» 428 , 167 For Advances ^ 388 , 835 814 , 947 Intercut on KxX'hequer DHLs , Ihhuc ( 1 to meet the Cliargo on Mm CmiHoltduted ** uud ... 71 770 Total Cliaix" 8 , 030 , 013 H , fM 4 , f ) 00 Tlio HurpluB S . O . 'J't . nOB f > , 73 l ) , l 73 l . ' < , 665 , fill 14 , ( WM ( H )

      Untitled Article

      THE WORKING OLABSKS . Wk oommonofl thin weok with a record of ( jh « peaceful flolutionn of dinWunctw bofcwuon employers and men . Tho dinpufco between tho Hundcrlund » hipwrightH and their mantoi-H haH l > eon / untied l » y tlio fixture of Mm . a week afl tho regular wagcK . T " ho Sheffield odgu-tool

      workers have got an advance of wages equal ) say the masters , to 10 per cent . The workers at Darwin ' s foundry , in Sheffield , have struck because a man not belonging to their body is employed there . The Somersetshire shoemakers have generally obtained an advance of 12 per cent . The London masons have got 5 s . per day for short , time , and 5 s . 6 d , forlonff time . The -London carpenters Lave been generally successful ' in getting the advanced wages of 5 st 6 d . per day . The London saddlers have succeeded in shortening their time of labour by two hours a day . As a step towards a final settlement , we are glad to note that the Preston operatives contemplate a Co-operative association . A circular issued by some of the men thus states the prospects of the proposed plan : —

      " To show the advantages which may be derived from co-operative self-employment ,-even on a small scale , we will take the case of a Co-operative Weaving Company established by working men a few years since . This company has 300 power-looms , - which , after clearing all expenses , realized a clear profit of £ 800 during the last half-year . This sum amounts to 4 s . per week from apair of looms , and when the wages and profits are added tof ether , the co-operative weaver receives 14 s . or 15 s . from is two looms ; while , under the present system of working for others , 10 s . would be the amount of nis earnings . This amount of money has been cleared by the Weaving department alone . Had the company alluded tobeen able to spin

      their own wef t and twist , their profits would have been treble , as it is well known that weft and yarn are dear , demonstrated by the fact that whenever the employers are asked to g ive an advance to the weavers , their r reply is . ' We are indifferent about our looms ; we can make more by selling our weft and twist ; and were it not out of charity to the weavers , our looms should stand . ' The cooperative company before-mentioned cleared 28 . per loom weekly , which , for 1000 looms , would be £ 100 a week : and if we suppose that spinning tlieir own weft and twist ; would have been equally profitable , wg have a concern making £ 200 per week , or £ 10 , 400 a-year , besides paying standard wages for labour . £ 10 , 400 a-year employed in

      the erection of manufactories would every four years build and stock a mill capable of preparing material for 1000 looms ; consequently , at the end of that time , we should have machineryin motion which would clear £ 20 , 800 a-year , which sum would be doubled every four years : and would , in a few years , erect mills and workshops in every town and village , which would give the co-operative labourer a position in the markets of the world that would ultimately raise him from the degradation and wages serfdom which have too long been his lot . After long consideration , we have concluded to establish Co-operative Mills , as the only permanent plan of elevating the labourer in the social scale ; the necessary funds to be raised in £ 10 shares , by weekly contributions of 6 d . "

      The London basketmakers have formed a Co-opera

      tive Association . Various facts proving general prosperity turn up . Pauperism has much decreased in Wales . There are scarcely any ablebodied paupers in the Union workhouses . As a note of those who will be working men , we record the success of a Ragged School at Cork . The pupils number 300 , formerly very bad boys , and the promoters of the school are persons of different sects . As an instance of Irish advancement we gladly reprint the following from the Galway Packet : ¦ —

      " It is with peculiar pleasure wo notice the improved appearance of the peasantry on Sundays and holydays , tho surest signs of returning prosperity . Instead of the ragged coat , tho old hat , and broken shoes which marked tho period of tho famine , and stamped upon poor Paddy an appearance far from gratifying to his pndo , a new suit from head to foot now rewards his long-tried patience and linrd strugg le with adversity . No one could fail to observe the strong muster of country people in our streets on Sunday last , and the cheering and gratifying appearance which they presented ; the boys wearing new and comfortable frieze and corduroy , while tho girls ' displayed their red and blue mantlesniceltrimmed and new shoes and stockings

      , y caps , —articles of comfort which tho poor people were long ^ deprived of . From inquiries which we made in various quarters , we received but . one reply , that the country peopw were never in ho prosperous a condition un they are at present ; an assurance which ia fully borne out l > y the cheering mid comfortable- appearance which they present in out streets when they come to town . " . . . An Idnglinh measure fit to follow in ourrocordHW tliac noted in yesterday's papers . —Industrial Hchools , lor and doHolato

      the reception and training of tho criminal children of Middlenex , aro recommended by tl <« in » g « Htratoa in a formal , raiolution , pawed unanimously ac their meeting on Thuraduy ,. Tho low wages of woiking mini in Honiu districts of England Hiniply proceed from th « ir ignorance of the value of their own HerviocH . In a village of Went Norfolk tho farm labourora tiro content to take 9 h . a wo <» k , while tho labourer * in tli « ww > parish have Htnick for 10 « . a week . In Lynn , jw folk , thu wiuruH aro also 9 h . per week , wlnlo in w »

      coliiHlure they aro 11 * . and 12 * . , . , i UiiHatiHfitHl domaudB are many . The doma-iiU oi » colliorH in the Bii-nnngham district in an * m 1 viuI * ' ° ., 1 » . per day , and a fiWi ' t « nim ? by two JwurH oi hom-H of labour . Their prosont wage-K iu' « ^ - clay . A Times oorronpondont oornplaiiiH tnil \ ' - ooilior ' H pitmen , finding that they « an earn iw "JJ "" four homn iw formerly in six hours , wo * on y _ bourn , and ho make coal « earoo . ( Tji « ^^"{ L nag < v rained from ( w . per ton in tho Hprintf 1 > ¦ - ' tho pixmont mto- -Ih aaothor nuxo of tho ^ fiZ £ coal ) Quo t iiouHond h « x hundred weavers a « d 1 ftj » workknitters at Hiokloyiwid tho Burroumbng vii ^ g

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 15, 1853, page 992, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct2008/page/8/