Current:

Leader (1850-1860), 9th July 1853, Edition 1 of 1, Page 655, Untitled Article

Page 655
Page 7
7 of 24

On this page

  • Text (2)

      Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

    • Untitled Article

      Untitled Article

    • Untitled Article

      Untitled Article

  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Untitled Article

      plained iu strong terms to M . Drouin de l'Huys of the 60 , 000 muskets sent to the Porte . M . Drouin de l'Huys shrewdly replied , that Russia ought-no more to take that matter amiss than France did the occupation of the Danubian provinces . So great was M . de Kisseleff ' a vexation , that he ordered post horses , with the intention of taking his departure . Orders have been received by MM . Woronzof and de Panin to return forfcwith to Eussia—a proof that war is there expected . - .. - . _ ... . ¦

      There is nothing new here , apart from the two great topics—the attempted assassination and the affairs of the East . There are movements , however , in the provinces here and there . A strike for wages has been attempted at TTzes , and another at Angers ; but the authorities suppressed them by arresting the ringleaders . The 20 th of this month has finally been appointed for the trial of the persons said to be implicated in the great conspiracy of the Hippodrome . The police are not agreed as to the specific charges they shall bring forward ; but they give out that they have discovered the prime mover of the conspiracy—a perfumer ' s clerk . Poor police !

      There is another piece of news , but it has nothing to do with politics . Two lines of railway are to be laid down from the Boulevards to the Bastille , and along these , monster omnibuses , holding eighty persons each , are to be drawn by horses . The omnibuses will contain a library , cafe , billiard-room , restaurant , &c . The experiment is in progress at this moment in the Champs Elysees . S .

      Untitled Article

      CONTINENTAL NOTES . The long reported invasion of the Danubian principalities was accomplished , for " peaceful purposes , " to use the ironic language of Russia , on the 2 ncf and 3 rd of July . General Danenberg- entered Moldavia by Skouliani , and Wallachia by Leova , with some 25 , 000 men . It is confidently stated , by journals which have been hitherto accurate in their intelligence , that this will be regarded as an " act of war" by France and England . It has also been stated , that the combined fleet in the Dardanelles has been placed

      at the disposal of the Sultan , to order it where and on what . service he pleases , through the Ambassadors of the two Powers respectively . On the Other hand , later advices by the gossip telegraph assure us that there are prospects of peace ; that Russia will negotiate from her new position ; that M . OzerofFhas been sent to Constantinople for that purpose ; and that France , England , and Austria will , conjointly with . Russia , mediate the sened or treaty required by Russia ; but not in the " form . " demanded by Russia . This is open to doubt ; but it is possible .

      Still , every fact breathes of war . The militia of Constantinople have been called out ; the reserves of the Russian army are being marched up ; the Porte has sent emissaries to Circassia ; the Emperor of Russia has marched in procession to the Church of St . Isaac , wearing conspicuously the goldon cross , symbolical of the headship of tho Greek Church . The Turkish Admiral has visited the combined fleet , to arrange for its passage up the straits ; and the Turks are strengthening tho line of the Balkan . A Gorman paper states that " tho Commander

      of the American squadron in the Mediterranean has , in a private audience of tho Sultan , offered the active support of the United Statos in tho event of a war with Russia . Thia offer is attributed to tho success obtained by tho American missionaries in several provinces of Turkey . It has produced a great sensation . " Tho Russian squadron at Sebastopol sends out cruisers to within a fow miles of tho Bosphorus ; trade is stagnant at Odessa ; and Europe is filled with Russian emissaries . Such , is tho tissue of facts and rumours at tho present moment . this

      A telegraphic despatch from Vienna received morninir states that " Princo Gortschakoff reached Bucharest on tho 3 rd , whonco ho sent tho Russian Gonoral Niprokontschinski with despatches for Omer Pacha to Schumla . " Three groat state papors have boon published bearing on this question . Tho first is tho reply of Redschid Pasha to Count Notmolrodo ' s note , published in our last . It is as follows : — "SuJUiTME POBTK—DErAltTMKNT OF EoKEiaK APFAIBS . " To Ids ' Excellency tho Count Bo Neaselrodo . « Sin —I lost no timo ' in laying boforo his Majosty tho Sultan , my august master , tho despatch which your Exeo - loncy has ( lono mo tho honour to address mo on tho 10 th CM at ) May lust . , „ v it / r-. nt ..:.... 4 . r fi . r . cinlinn lmq nlwdvs shown , and on an

      occasions , tno greatest regard for hia Majosty tho Emperor of Russia , whom ho has over looked upon as « b Bincoro ally and well-disposed neighbour . Tho Sublime Porto , wlSlo entertaining no doubt of tho generous in ont . ons of So Emperor , has been deeply grieved at Iho interruption Monad Soff with rolon 3 i . ee to embodying in a diplomatic ~^ % ^ & % ZX $ p ^ £ ffi& ^ X £ Z 5 ^^~* $ ol tnm / A ' » Ht ^ position , and every facility from the boa »» ' » ft » ° ' ° . , , > n (!( , MonHohikoff woa eoinro alive to I , e « oo w hil . ^ ^^ . fcho rSS An I ovon n ^ uoHtio . s so dolieato as that of Iho KinSirflH of Iho Greek ohuroh , it wan bUH »» - W 1 IKI Lrmcifc sontirnentH , and not refusing tho aHsur-BP'r JilK nuod to remove and reduce to nothing all EdoSSwSh LgU havo boon excited iu that reapect ,

      the Sublime Porte hoped , especially from , the well-known wisdom of Prince Menschikoff , that that Ambassador would be satisfied with the project of a note which had been communicated to him in tho last instance , and which contained all the assurances that had been demanded . "It is true that his Highness Princo Menschikoff has , the second time , abridged the minute of the Sened which he had at first given , and in communicating at the last a project of a note , he has made certain changes as well in the terms as in the form and title of the document ; but the sense of an engagement being still found there , and as that diplomatic engagement cannot accord either with the independence of the Ottoman government or with the rights of its sovereign authority , it is impossible to give to

      the motives of utter impossibility presented on that point by the Porte the term of refusal , and to make of that a question of honour for his Majesty the Emperor of Russia . Moreover , if complaints have been made of that impossibility b y attributing it to a sentiment of mistrust , Russia , by paying no regard to all the assurances offered in the most solemn manner by the Sublime Porte , and by declaring that it was indispensable to embody them in an instrument having the force of an engagement , does she not rather give a patent proof of her want of confidence towards the Ottoman government , and has not ; the

      Ottoman government on its part a right to complain ? Nevertheless , in answering on these two points , it refers itself to the high and known justice of the Emperor of Russia , as well as to the high reasons and the eminently pacific sentiments of your Excellency , which , moreover , each has been able to recognise and appreciate . " His Majesty the Sultan , by an imperial firman bearing- Ms august hatti-scheriff , has just confirmed anew the privileges , rights , and immunities-enjoyed by the members and the churches of the Greek rite abantiquo . " The Sublime Porte will never hesitate to maintain and

      to give the assurances contained and promised m the project of the note transmitted to Prince Menschikoff a short time before his departure . The despatch received on the part of your Excellency speaks of causing the Russian troops to pass the frontiers . That declaration is incompatible with the assurances of peace and of the friendly disposition of his Majesty the Emperor . It is , in . truth , so much opposed to what one is justified in expecting from a friendly power , that the Porte knows not how it can accept it ; the military preparations and the works of defence ordered by the Porte , as it declares officially to the Powers , are only those rendered necessary by the considerable armaments of Russia . They constitute a measure purely defensive . The government of the Sultan having no hostile intentions against Russia , expresses tho desire that the ancient relations which his Majesty moreover regards as so precious , and of which the numerous advantages are mani- , fest for both parties , may be re- established in their primitive

      stato . "I entertain tho hope that the Court of Russia will appreciate , with a feeling of confident consideration , the sincere and loyal intentions of the Sublime Porte , and will take into account the utter impossibility in which it finds itself to defer to the desires which havo been oxpressed . Let that impossibility bo appreciated as it merits to be , and the Sublime Porte , I can assure your Excellency , will not hesitate to instruct an Ambassador Extraordinary to proceed to St . Petersburg to re-open there tho negotiations , and to seek , in concert with tho Government of hia Majesty tho Emperor of Russia , an arrangement which , while it may be agreeable to his Majosty , shall be also such as tho Porte can accept without affecting either tho basis of its independence or the sovereign authority of his Majesty tho Sultan .

      " Your Excellency may regard it as certain , that for my part I most earnestly desiro such a result , and I indulge in tho hope that such is also tho desiro of your Excellonoy . "I pray your Excellency , &c , ( Signed ) " Redscihd . " Tho next great stato paper issued from St . Potorsburgli . It is tho manifesto of Nicholas . Tho following- is a faithful translation : — "By tho grace of God , "Wo , Nicolas I ., Emperor and Autocrat of all tho Russias and Czar of Poland , &c , &c , &a , inform all people Bo it known to our boloved and faithful subjects , tho dofonco of our faith has always boon tho sacred duty of our hlcssod ancestors .

      " From tho day it pleased tho Almighty to place mo on tho throno of our fathers , tho maintenance of the holy obligations , with which it ia inseparably connected , lias been tho object of our constant caro and attention ; those , acting on tho groundwork of tho famous treaty of Kainuirdji , which subsequent solemn treaties with tho Ottoman Porto havo fully confirmed , havo over boon directed towards upholding tho rights of our Church . " But to our oxtromo griof , in latter times , notwithstanding all our efforts to dolend tho inviolability of tho rights and privileges of our orthodox church , numerous wilihl

      acts of tho Ottoman Porto havo infringed unon these rights and threaten finally tho ontiro overthrow of all that ancient disciplino ho precious to orthodoxy . " All our efforts to rontrain tho Porto from nuch acts havo proved in vain , and ovon the word of the 'Hiillan , Holomnly given uh by himself , was soon faithloHrily broken . " Jlaving exhausted all meaiiH of conviction , and havingin vain tried all tho moans by which our junt claims could be peaceably adjusted , wo have deemed it indispensable to move our nrini ' oH into this provinooH on tho Danubo , in order that the Porto may boo to what her etubbornnouH may

      lead . . " But , oven now , wo havo no intention ot commencing war ; in occupying thowo province , wo wish to hold n Buflicionl . pledge to guarantee for oumoIvoh the ro-ontablinhinoni ; of our righl . H under any eirannntanooH whatever . " We do not seek for conquests : Rhmum . does not require them . Wo hooIc to vindicate thoso rig hte whioh have boon ho openly violated . " Wo aio ovon yet ready to atop tlio movements of our

      armies , if the Ottoman Porto will bind itself solemnly to respect the inviolability of the orthodox church ; but if obstinacy and blindness will it otherwise , then , calling God to our aid , we leave it to him to decide our quarrel , and in full confidence in the right hand of the Almighty , we shall move forward on behalf of the orthodox faith . " Given at Petefnbff on the 14 th ( 26 th ) day of June , in the year of the birth of Christ , 1853 , and of our reign the 28 th . " Sealed at tho Senate in St . Petersburgh on the 14 th ( 26 th ) June , 1853 . " To the original of this document tho own hand of his Maiesty is signed . " Nikoxai . "

      The third great state paper is not less important than the other two . It consists of an admirable reply of M . Drouyn de l'Huys to those allegations in the circular note of Count Nesselrode , which we published last week , and forms the complement of the reply of Redsehid Pasha . M . Drouyn de l'Huys does not scruple to show that the Russian note is inaccurate in its facts and illogical in its arguments . He separates the present quarrel of Russia with the Porte from all the disputes between the latter and France , and declares with reason that the Russian quarrel is a totally new thing . As a specimen of the decided way in which Count Nesselrode is dealt with we quote the following . The Count alleged the " capitulations" of France as a precedent for the Russian demands ^—"M . Drouyn de l'Huys replies that these capitulations never gave to the French Government a right of protection over the Catholic subjects of the Sultan . If France

      has been able to render to this small portion of the Ottoman population services of the nature of those which Russia takes honour to herself for having rendered to persons of her own religion , her direct and official protection has only been exercised in favour of foreign establishments , with priests equally foreign , and whose spiritual chief resides at Rome . The protection of Russia , on the contrary , would apply to a clergy composed of subjects of the Sultan , and hierarchically under a Patriarch who is also dependent on the Porte . It is impossible , therefore , to assimilate the position of the two Powers . M . Drouyn de l'Huys terminates this point with the quotation of an important passage from a paper by the Count de Saint Priest , who was ambassador of Louis XVI . at Constantinople from 1768 to 1785 , and which shows in . clear terms the nature of tho Freneh Protectorate : —

      " 'The zeal of our Kings has been decorated with tho name of protection of tho Catholic religion in tho Levant , but this is illusory , and serves only to lead into error those who do examine the question . Never have the Sultans had an idea that the monarchs of France thought themselves authorized to interfere on matters of religion with the subjects of the Porte . There is no Prince , wisely observed one of my predecessors , tho Marquis do Bonnac , who , however close his union with another Sovereign , mi g ht bo permitted himself to interfere with the religion of his subjects . The Turks are as delicate as others on this subject . Ib is easy to comprehend tliat France never having treated with the Porte , except in a friendly way , has not attempted to impose on it obligations of an odious nature . The first part of my instructions was to avoid everything that could give umbrage to tho Porte by giving too extended a sonso to tho capitulations on matters of religion . ' "

      At tho close of his note M . Drouyn de l'llnys administers a severo rebuke to Russia , and takes up a strong position . If tho intentions of tho French Government had been less conciliatory , if it had only been penetrated with tho idea that neither of tho contracting parties to tho convention of July IS , 184 . 1 , could , afc tho risk of compromising tho peace which the collectivo guarantee of tho Powers had for object to sccuro to the Ottoman Empire , use any of its rights anterior to that European arrangement , Franco woulci have had tho full right , not only of opposing tho reserves which are in conBtant use in diplomacy , but in hor turn to make hor menaces heard . Franco , says M .

      Drouyn do I'lluys in conclusion , has followed a very different lino of conduct ; and tho moderation of which aho has given proof , in addition to taking- from her any part in tho responsibility of tho present crisis , also gives hor a rig-hfc to hope that tho sacrifices which sho has mado for tho maintenance of tranquillity in tho East will not bo thrown away , and that the Cabinet of St . Potorsburgh , influenced by similar considerations , will find a moans of reconciling its pretensions with tho prerogatives of tho sovereignty of tho Sultan , and of nettling otherwise than by forco a difference , the solution of which is now waited for by bo many interests . ¦

      V ** . ***** w ¦ * V 'V ¦ 4 It is remarked , that Count Gyulai has been suddenly summoned from Milan t ; o Vienna ; thence he has gone to St . Peteraburgh , ostensibly to attend a review—really , it is boliovod , on a socrct miaaion connected with tho Turkish question . Turning from tho East , wo have few facts to record . Tho Archduchess Sophia of Austria has boon visiting- the King of Prussia—doubtless for no good end . Tho VreHH of Vienna states that tho Einpororof Austria will pay anothor visit to Munich in tho courso of thin month . . . .

      Tho reign of terror in Hungary and Italy continues . Tho OoimtcHH Blanche Toleky lion been Hoiitencod to ton yearn' imprisonment by a military court , in Hungary , for having communicated with tho political refugees abroad . Her ( JoverncBH has also boon condemned to unflprgo three your ' ** confinement , and a lbinalo servant thirteen months , for tho name offence . Tho Vonicti Gnzutte publinhon a ocntenco , pronouneod on tho 28 t . h ult ., by the court-martial of Udino , condemning a gontloinan of proporty , named daupari , having a wife and two ohildron , to death for having been found in ponncHHion of a knife in the form of a ntilotto , 12 lbn . of ninall nliot , and 200 poroiwBioii caps . Tho nontenco has , however , been commuted by Marshal Radotzky into throo months of military urrenk without , irorm , on tho ground of M . Ganpari ' a roHpeotabilily and perfect innoconco in a political point of view .

      Untitled Article

      _ July 9 V 1853 , ] THE LEADER . 655

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), July 9, 1853, page 655, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1994/page/7/