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    Meatier ,

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    VOL . IV . No . 170 . ] SATURDAY , JUNE 25 , 1853 . [ Price Sixpence .

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    IN the alternations with which the electric telegraph mocks itself , the last turn of the Turkish affair is interpreted to be " pacific . " The Russian Government has issued a circular note to the diplomatic representatives and agents of that Power , intended as an explanation of its actual position , but intended also , we observe by the internal evidence , to serve as a counterpoise to the appeal which , the Sultan has lately made ,

    somewhat in the same form , only less extensively . The Russian note is meant also as a reply to the statements of journals and public speakers on the subject of Russia And her intentions . The purport of this note is to explain , that Russia seeks no new authority in Turkey , but only requires that the custody of the Holy Shrines should be reserved chiefly to the Greek clergy , ns it has been from old times ; with this addition , that as the orders

    issued by the Porte , in performance or its promise to the Emperor , were not immediately obeyed in Syria , the Turkish Government should now give him some formal undertaking to fulfil its words in future ; that act being required as a " reparation for the past and a guarantee for the future . " The Emperor alleges that he cannot trust the bad faith of the Turk , and that some solace is due to his

    outraged dignity and his injured importance . It will be observed that there is nothing new in this explanation , nor in the hint it conveys that Russia flight have taken advantage of the European Governments in 1848 if she had pleased , and that she may " break the knot" if she be not permitted " to untie it peaceably . " The hint fails for its untruth : it has beein observed that Russia could

    only have taken advantage of 1848 by putting herself at the head of the revolution ; unless she was prepared to see the revolution overwhelm her Government as well as those of western Europe . And as 0 the threat of " breaking the knot , " we have dealt with that in a separate paper . The strength of Russia consists wholly and solely in the forbearance of the western Governments , which abstain from using against the Absolutist powers the explosive elements that are to be found within the dominions of all tyrants .

    , The mode in which this note has been received by foreign Governments is not yet stated . Some writers profess to see in it a valuable overture towards more pacific negotiations . But in London it hat not been « o regarded ; and there is no intimation that the counter preparations of France and Great Britain have been suspended . On the

    contrary , the latest accounts from the Levant represent our marine forces joining those of the French in Besika Bay , while the Russian fleet was advancing from the sea of Azof . The fleet of that power in the Black Sea , we need not remind the reader , is of no very formidable kind . The army was ready to invade the principalities , and is nowreported to have been detained by the floods , to which the valley of the Lower Danube is subjected at this season of the year .

    The actual feeling of the Greek population in Turkey is not easily ascertained . We still have reports of symptoms favourable to Russia , but we suspect they are limited to particular places—the direct result of Russian agency . Greece probably might take that opportunity of endeavouring to extend her territory ; but indeed the possible combinations that might take place in such a war cannot be calculated , especially in their minor ramifications . It is to be remarked , as a circumstance which we at least cannot regret , that Greece already has upon her hands a pretty little quarrel with the United States , about an injury to a

    citizen of that Republic , which does not permit its sons to be ill-treated with impunity . The policy of America in the East is distinct enough , and if she should exercise any influence or action in that quarter , we may be sure that she will be on the right side . The latest reports from the Union lead us to expect a renewal of warlike activity on the Mexican boundary . A portion of that frontier was accidentally left in a doubtful state by the joint commissioners , and now there is a eross claim on either side , and it is said that General Pierce has determined to sustain it on the side of

    the Union . Our readers are well aware that there is a party in the capital of Mexico , not inconsiderable in numbers or influence , anxious to annex the Republic to the Union . It is the opposite party which has recalled Santa Anna , who is supposed to be sustained from Spain , that he may defend what is considered an outpost of Cuba . But a defensive war conducted by Santa Anna on behalf of Spain against the United States can have no other effect than to provoke a more determined action in the Union—to raise , indeed , a war which must result in the most sweeping measure of annexation that has yet been witnessed .

    The exchange of civilities between our Government and that of America is not a less pleasing circumstance to us than the activity displayed in getting our land and sea forces in a state of preparation for active service . The influence of England in the approaching contest of Europe ,

    be it a peaceful contest of negotiations with physical force in the background , or a direct conflict of the physical kind , will depend upon the amount of strength that she can bring to the field ; and her ability in promoting a sound settlement will of course depend upon the amount of her influence , and the boldness of her statesmanship . At such a time , bold alliances with bold and free countries will be the safest .

    Parliament is already contracting the summery desire to finish the session , and we now see the usual symptoms that precede the close , in . the reports of the papers extending probably over only two or three columns , although at the termination we learn that the Commons had sat till a very late hour . The time had been occupied in going through forms and discussing details , without that steady and elaborate debating which invites the reporters . In this way , several of the minor of

    Government measures—those which form part the Budget—have been pushed forward ; and Mr . Gladstone is allowed to modify them almost at his pleasure . When he announces that probably he will not press the augmentation of the duty on trade licences , it is received as a boon spontaneously offered , rather than one to be expected from any action in the Opposition . When he announces that the repeal of the soap duties will not take effect before next year , the statement is received without the idea of

    resistancealmost without objections . The country is very prosperous just at present ; the want of money is evident , not from any lavishness in the Government , or from any disastrous state of affairs , but from the increasing amount of public business , and from financial operations , which are well understood to be for the advantage of the public , and from the necessity of being prepared against emergencies in the unsettled state of the Continent . Thus , Mr . Gladstone is allowed to take what taxes he wants .

    The Income-tax Bill has passed the second reading in the House of Lords , and the Committee in the same House , with a few words of criticism , but not the slightest hint at modification . The only success that the Opposition Can boast is that of having spared ornamental timber from the Sucqession-tax . The country gentlemen are faithful to the hamadryads of their patrimonial estates , and thus the nymphs are among the few class ** that now escape some form of the tmjome-tax .

    The most copious debating has tftkem place on . the subject of the Bill for renewing , the Government of India ; but here again the Opposition showed their incompetency to conduct the public

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    NEWS OP THE WEEK" * PAGB Manchester Opinion on India 609 Threatof » Hew Mexican War 612 PORTFOLIOThe Week in Parliament 602 Wages 609 A Clearing House for Parliamentary TSe Haythorne Papera . —No . VT .... The Qoeen and the Army ... 605 A Gavazzi Biot in Quebec 609 Peccadilloes 613 The British Fleet 606 The Tempter and the Thief 610 Uses of the Chobham Campaign 613 THE ARTSLettm fan Paris 607 Miscellaneous 610 The Testament of the Czars 614 Charles Kean and Sardanapalns' 620 Continetrt * lNbtes 607 Healthof London durragthe Week 611 The Government Bill for India 614 Gtenevieve 621 The JoJ&ctt Testament of Peterthe Births , Marriages , and Deaths 611 » A Stranger" in Parliament .. 615 Omniana 621 Q * Wi # 608 LITERATURE— TheEoyalAcademy . —III . Portraits 621 Itoetfett Exposures 608 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— Von Baer on the Development of IDC _ Elections 609 Eossia Defines her own Position ... 612 Hypothesis 617 COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSIndian News 609 Eussian Attempts on American Vir- De Quincey's Autobiographic City Intelligence , Marfcets , . a . aver-American Notes 609 tue 612 Sketches 618 tisements , &c twi- « ws *

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    "The one Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—th f noble endeavour to throw down , all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and "bj- setting aside the distinctions ot weugion . Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "— : Hwmboldt ' t Cotmot .

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), June 25, 1853, page unpag., in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1992/page/1/