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Leader (1850-1860), 26th March 1853, Edition 1 of 1, Page 291, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      Government persists in being the most vexatious of all Governments . Only a few days since , a working mechanic was tried and punished for inducing his fellowworkmen to celebrate the 24 th of February at a cabaret , and to keep it as a holiday . This is a new and unforeseen delinquency , but they managed to find a law elastic enough to make it penal . A happy mot , by General Cavaignac , has been lately

      talked of . The General met M . Berger , Prefect of the Seine , who owes his appointment to Cavaignac , at the Horticultural Exposition in the Jardin d'Hiver . M . Berger , it seems , walked up to the General , and after bowing graciously , expressed a hope that difference of opinion might not separate them " completely . " We do not belong , " replied the General , "to different opinions ; we belong to hostile camps : honour separates us . " S .

      Untitled Article

      CONTINENTAL NOTES . The Longchamps promenade has been dull this year . The weather was raw and cold . The Emperor drove down the avenue with the Empress . The rest of the company consisted of distinguished lorettes . The Duke of Padua ( Arrighi de Casanova ) Governor of the Invalides , died on Tuesday morning . Dr . Lindley has been unanimously elected a corresponding member of the French Academy of Sciences . ] VL Michel de Bourges , died at Montpellier on the 11 th inst . He had done good service to the republican cause , and was one of the more aged , as well as eloquent of its advocates . M . Visconti , the architect , has received orders to prepare the interior of the dome of the Invalides for the inauguration of the Emperor's tomb , which will take place on the 6 th of May , the anniversary of his death . M . Bouhier de l'Ecluse has appealed to the Senate and the guardians of the constitution , against his expulsion by M . Billault from the Corps Legislatif on account of his having refused the oath . A new charitable institution , by way of supplement to the infant asylums called Creches , under the patronage of the Empress , is about to be founded . It is to consist of six large establishments in the suburbs of Paris , where children are to be nursed and weaned , and where they may at all times be visited by their mothers . It is calculated that at least 30 , 000 infants , born in Paris , are annually sent into the country to be nursed . The consequence is frequent cruel treatment and neglect , and a rate of mortality far above the average among these children , removed from their parents' care , and exposed to the dishonest and inhuman treatment of ill-paid strangers .

      It is officially notified that the list of invitations for the ball , which is to be offered by the Legislative bod y to their Imperial Majesties on the 28 th , being definitively closed by the commission , no new application can be attended to . It is also intimated that as all the public functionaries arc to be in uniform , the other persons inrited are requested , if possible , to be in court dresses . The French fleet sailed from Toulon on Tuesday , within thirty-six hours after receiving telegraphic orders to prepare for 6 ca , for the Bay of Salamis . The relative strength of the French , English , Turkish , and Russian fleets in the Mediterranean and Black Seas is as follows : — The French Toulon squadron ( ordered to Salainis ) eight ships of the lino ( two of them fitted witli auxiliary screwsteam power ) , and four steam frigates . This squadron will be reinforced in the Levant by Admiral Romain Desfosses , with his squadron of fivo steam-frigates .

      The Turkish fleet consists of four ships of the line , three frigates , eight brigs , and six steamers . This fleet would bo reinforced , if necessary , by the Egyptian fleet . Tho Itussian Black Sea fleet , stationed at Sebastopol , is composed of thirteen sail of tho line , eight sixty gun frigates , six corvettes , with some brigs and gun-boats . But this Black Sea fleet is in fact a miserable sham , more of a scarecrow than a form ; . Tho ships are built of bad timber , ill constructed , ill found , manned by mongrel lubbers , arid frozen up one-half the year , while during tho other half they have no room for evolutions . Tho English squadron under Admiral Dundus , now in the highest order and efficiency , consists of live ships of tho lino , throe l ' rigates , two corvettes , and twelve powerful Btoamers . Thin licet could , with no difficulty , and within a very brief delay , be increased to ten nbij > o of tho line , twenty powerful stoamoi-H , and eight heavy frigates-.

      In an article on the hn . Ht . ern Question , in La 1 ' ressti , by M . Victor Monpurgo , a Greek long resident in Turkey , tho writer propones : that in order to secure the pence of the world , tho English and . French fleets should destroy the itusHian fleet in tho Black Son . M . V . Monpurgo paints in vivid terms tho consequences of tho irruption of Russia into tho hoart of Kurojjo after securing tho gules of the Hospliorus . Tliis article , a continuation of one on the huiiio topic b y M . Emilo Girurdiii , is headed Tax l'ai . v affirinie . \ Vo have moro than once been assured in private letters from Paris , deriving their information from reliable sources , that the French Emperor in in olfeet desk-oils to be on the

      bosfc torms with tho Ozar . An article on the Turkish Question , in the CtmstUutiomuil , by M . ( Jrimior do Cassugnuc , who is a sort of bloodhound always kit loose by the Government to hunt down falling causes , somewhat confirms this view ; being decidedly conciliatory to Russia , und attempting to establish that Franco him no interests in tlio ICust opposed to tho Northern Powers , M . Victor Hugo , who is still at Jersey , has , wo believe , completed a second work on the Success of ( he Second of December , lH . > J . The book will be published on the continent ; but ho great i . s tho timidity of publishers at BrushoIh and ( Jonovu , that it is apprehended the publication in order to be effectual liiimL be clandestine . M . Martinez do la JtoHii , who , it miiy bo remembered ,

      resignqd his Presidency of the Chamber , under tho Bravo Murillo Ministry , has been re-elected President of the Spanish Chamber of Deputies . It is expected that the Cortes will shortly be prorogued , and that shortly after Easter tho measures of " organic reform" will be brought forward . These measures are said to be considerably reduced in importance from their original draft as proposed by the Bravo Murillo ministry . Tho Senate has met to discuss the three reports of the special committee appointed to examine the protest of General Narvaez . It is supposed that the Government will adopt the intermediate report , which proposes that Narvaez shall bo allowed to take his seat , subject to superior orders . The Government relies on its batch of new Senators to swamp the Opposition . Meanwhile , Narvaez has reached Paris , and paid his respects to the Spanish Embassy . He is said to be looking very ill and weak .

      We learn from Madrid , that through tho exertions of Lord Howden , the Spanish Government have agreed to give complete liberty before the end of the year to that class of negroes called emancipados , after the completion of their five years' consignation , or apprenticeship . Those emancipados who at the end of 1853 shall not havo finished this term of servitude , will be manumitted according as their several probationary periods expire . This arrangement may be considered a reply to certain passages in General Picrce ' s address . If so , it will advance rather than retard the settlement of the Cuban question , as the " nation of Sovereigns" are likely to accept it as a defiance . Nevertheless we cannot but heartily approve of the concession .

      Untitled Article

      Switzerland still stands on the defensive with regard to Austria , and Austria persists in the aggressive with regard to Switzerland . The Federal Council have replied by a sturdy note to the Austrian allegations , which , constantlyrefuted on indisputable authority , are as often re-affirmed by the notes of the Austrian Government . It has been repeatedly shown that no proofs exist of any machinations having been carried on in Ticino against the Austrians in Lombardy . Throughout the Federation , we believe the people are steadfastly resolved to meet any Austrian invasion by a reply in kind . The Austrian Lombard authorities have carried out their decree of expulsion against the Ticinese to further

      extremities . Their last act is the ejection of about a hundred poor Ticinese cottiers , whose little holdings had crept down the valley , within the Austrian frontier . Upon that frontier 15 , 000 men still blockade all the passes , and trade is still interrupted , with one small exception . The Austrian authorities have permitted the Swiss to carry away a great quantity of salt , already paid for , upon which an embargo had been laid . It would appear that , whether from England or France , some assurances of at least moral support have been held out to the Swiss . How far these assurances are to be relied upon , is for the Swiss to decide . Austrian terrorism still desolates the Italian Peninsula .

      Tho accounts from Lombardy report little or no mitigation in the extreme measures of the Austrian commanders . Sequestrations , perquisitions , &c , are still the order of the day . The officers never stir without either an escort or in numerous bodies . The theatre of La Scala , at Milan , was opened -the other night , and arrangements wore made to wholly divide the military from the spectators ; and a separate space , which is occupied by sergeants and noncommissioned officers , renders all approach to the officers , who occupy the front of the parterre , impossible . Baron Martini permits the use of the church bells during the Easter solemnities . Three moro victims havo been executed in Milan .

      At Ferrara , twelve persons havo been condemned to death . Tho punishments of seven have boon commuted to various dog-roes of imprisonment with hard labour ; and throe , one of whom , a physician , and another a landed proprietor , have been shot . These aro tho only instances of cruelty wo have heard of , but we may fairly take them as specimens of hundreds of atrocities , unknown to tho public car , similar or worse . At Ancona tlio Governor bus forbidden more than fivo persons to stand together in tho street after sunset . Three young men havo been sentenced to imprisonment in irons from two to six weeks , for having in their possession printed and manuscript papers of a " subversive" character . After decimating the town by the musket und tho cord , this is Hotting up a reputation for humanity nt a cheap rate .

      The Milan Gazette of tho 20 lh publishes a proclamation from Marshal ltiuletzky , announcing that the . Kinporor of Austria , considering that the persons most , compromised as chiefs in tho prosecution for high treason at Mantua have suffered already the punishment they deserved , has resolved to relinquish tho prosecution , and to grant to nil the other persoiiH compromised , under whatever charge , a full and entire reprieve from the sentences which they have incurred , without any distinction , provided that they were then under arrest , and excepting only the refugees en contumace .

      Untitled Article

      Tho first lino of railway within tho Sardinian dominions , constructed by n private company , was opened on Mm l . 'Jth instant . The line is from Turin to Savigliano . The King , tho Roynl Princes , mid the chief ofiicial , parliamentary , and municipal notabilities , pioceedod by a special train to Suvigliimo . The religious ceremony was performed by the Bishop of Oasalc . The weather was line , the concourse of people very large , and the enthusiasm universal . Viva r . l Ho ! Vina lo titatulo ! , ( The Constitution ) were tho cries that Habited the special ( rain at every station , ft appears that the line would have been opened long since , but fur a dispute between the contractors and the company . The bill securing tho concession for a submarine tclograph from Spc / . ia to the Inlands of Corsica and Sardinin , with a guarantee of » per cent , interest , to Mr . T . II . Brett , has pawed through tho Chamber of Deputies , and tho Senate . Tho convention i « concluded for tho term of

      fifty years . The Sardinian Government has liberally agreed to render Mr . Brett every assistance ; and their engineer , M . Bonclli , who has executed the lines of telegraph across tho Alps and Pyrenees , is , by the consent of the Government , to superintend the construction of the telegraph throughout tho Island of Sardinin . This line of electric communication , when established , must become one of the most important in Europe , as it is proposed to extend it ; and it will eventually , it is to be foreseen , be tho means of uniting Europe with Egypt and India .

      Untitled Article

      March 26 , 1853 . ] THE LEADER . 291

      Untitled Article

      The King of Wurtembcrg has issued an order for the dissolution of the Burscbenschaft , an association of students at the University of Tubingen . The ground of tho order is said to be , that the unions have a political character , and are dangerous to the public peace . The Zeit ( Times ) , a semi-official Berlin journal , has recently contained a more moderate and sensible article than might be expected from such a quarter , on the English Government and the refugee question : accepting the declarations of our Ministers as satisfactory , ami reminding the Austrian Government that : any attempt to bully on the subject will only render it more impossible for the English Government , so entirely dependent on public opinion , to fulfil even the spirit of international duties .

      The Cologne Gazette , lias the following from Berlin , dated the 2 ist : — " We learn that in the Council of Ministers which was held to discuss whether the proposition of Austria to adopt more severe requisitions as regards the passports of British travellers should be adopted , all the ministers except one rejected the proposition . " The Austrian officials are becoming" more and moro fanatical in their hatred of England . Tho vexatious police regulations with regard to passports , &c , put in force against English travellers after the attack on ITaynau , are to be revived . The other day Dreyschock the pianist , in a concert at Vienna , was not allowed to play his arrangement of the English national air . The Post Ampt Gazette of Frankfort has the following from Vienna , 18 th : —

      " Since the attempt on the life of the Emperor , the surveillance over foreigners has become very severe , not only here , but also on the points where the railways cross each other , particularly at Pesth and Prague . The police have arrested at Prague a secret agent , who had on him Rvo different passports , arid a list containing the addresses of one hundred influential persons in Austria . He was taken to the fortress , where he will be tried by court-martial . It is said that several persons are compromised in the affair . " The prisons of Vienna have been found insufficient for the number of prisoners , and barracks and warehouses are being used as auxiliaries . The number of political prisoners at Pesth is 800 ; at Cornorn , 1800 ; and at Arad ,

      1600 . The court-martial at Prague recently condemned three pupils of the School of Arts to thirty and sixty blows of a rod , for making demonstrations in favour of Xossuth , and other students are being tried for drinking the health of the murderer Libenyi . It is believed that M . de Eruek , tlie able Austrian diplomatist , who , though a Prussian by birth , is Austrian by adoption , and who recently concluded the commercial treaty between Austria and Prussia , i . s to be sent as Ambassador to Constantinople . Justice has at length been 'done to Signor Gucrazzi . This true demagogue , who played with the devolution , and tried to ]> luy his court fo the Grand Duke , while he pandered to the people ; tho politician whose defence was that bo had frustrated the revolution m the interest of his Prince—is sentenced to imprisonment for life . His fellow prisoners are sentenced to terms of imprisonment from four to twelve years ; but their caso deserves our

      commiseration . A consistory was held at Itomo ( in the 7 ( h , in which the Pope pronounced I be usual Latin oration . The chief points of the allocution on this occasion were tin ; re-establishment , of tho Pupal Hierarchy in Holland ( which appears likely to cause scarcely Jess excitement in Ilia / , country than ' the same ' •' aggression" did in Knglund , ) and a pompous eulogy upon the new Cardinals . In descanting upon the pastoral virtues of the A rclihishoj ) of Tours , bin Holiness added , that bo hud been induced ( o promote him to the dignity of cardinal , as well on account of bis virtues , an also because his Holiness was sure to give great . satisfaction thereby to "bis well beloved son in Christ , Napoleon , Kmporor of the French ( dharissiuto in Christo Jilio nostro A ' apoleimi , Frmiriim Inijicratori ) " since lie liimscll hail warmly advocated { lulicDimtfr ju ti < rit ) that , nomination .

      The Holy Father having extracted u tooib innn tlio skull of St . Peter , which we are lo m ' .-niinc , in spile of Lady ' Morgan , does exist at . Koine , has kindly packed up the , precious grinder , and caused it , lo be presented lo the Emperor of Austria . '' A tooth for a . tooth" in not the Christian ninxiin ; but it is essentially Papal and Austrian . Mr . Pet re , paid secretary to the Hnlish Legation u \ , Florence , who has for upwards of eight years discharged the duties of Krilish charge" d'affaires at ilie Papal Court , although not , ollicially recognised in that quality by ( he Pupal Court ., has been superseded by a son of Sir Kdinund Lyons , our ambassador at Herne . The Hungarian garrison in Ancmin im about lo he > diun / 'cd , under suspicion of distilled ion ; and it is generally surmised that , ( he regiment will l > c broken up . Just now when ' the designs of Russia , are becoming , luily more menacing , the following nriielo deserves serious attention : — ,, > , ¦ i . i i i The / trim / ( htzette of Herlin bus lately contained a number of letters on the military force of Russia , und the extent , to which i ( . may be brought to bear upon neighbouring countries . 'l ' ho last of these lel . tera contains U . o following passage : " The construction of tho great , railway lines connecting Moscow , Petersburg , Odessa , and Warsaw , in changing tho conditioiiH under which a military force may bo traiiH-

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), March 26, 1853, page 291, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1979/page/3/