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    ^ii liUr Mans.

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    SB ^5*c ^rj f^ ^ aAf K ^ CsLy- ^

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    Untitled Article

    ENGLAND IN AMERICA . The intelligence from America , coupled with what is said by the ministerial organs , and with what is not said , suggests increasing doubts as to the position taken up by our Government in transatlantic affairs . The assertion made by the New York Journal of Commerce , that there has been neither settlement nor negotiation on the fishery question—although it is so far accepted by the Times as to be the subject of a paper on the supposition which it suggests—is , we believe , not strictly accurate . Indeed , the public documents are sufficient to show that there has been

    something that may pass by the name of negotiation . But we believe it is also the fact , that there has been nothing that the utmost stretch of language could call settlement . In that respect the statement of the English ministerialist journals was quite misleading . Sir John Pakington , in the simplicity of his heart , issued a circular which had the appearance of introducing new rigours to protect colonial interests on the fishing grounds ; but it now seems , from tie explanations of our own journals , corroborated by the statement of the Journal of Commerce , that there is to be no new step taken

    for the protection of colonial interests ; but only the usual supply of force to maintain the customary regulations—or to neglect them , as the case may be . If Mr . Secretary Walpole had announced that Queen Victoria intended to appear ia public with a special body-guard , it would excite considerable curiosity , if not jealousy , on the part of the public ; but as soon as it should be explained that the special bodyguard "was nothing more than the old Beef-eaters the uneasiness would explode in a laugh . Sir John Pakington has been parading the Beefeaters before the American republic , and by that

    needless ostentation he raised a dispute . There was something in the way of negotiation , and the practical effect is , that Lord Derby ' s Government has explicitly agreed to an interpretation of the old convention , which concedes a great part of the American claim . ~ Wo have no objection to that concession , but only to tho disingenuous and unbecoming manner in which it was made —grudgingly towards tho Americans , evasively towards tho colonists , whoso interests wero at . stake . England has noither done the handsome thing nor maintained her ground ; and by the abHonco of that settlement which tho

    ministerialist organs boast , the question is kept open for future irritation . The insinuations , or signs , of aomo activity on the part of tho same Government to the South , arc still more untoward . Tho Standard has put forth a declaration , that Lord M . almesbury , having an oyo to the operations of tho Order of the Lone Star , has taken measures for protecting kpaniHli interests in Cuba ; and wo are to understand tlmt the American Government , in some way , submits to that intervention . Almost in

    juxtaposition with this announcement is another , that two armed steamers ha / o heen noni ; to re" ><<> rco Lho English fleot in tho West Indies . In <>' der to understand tho practical effect of any intervention in this quarter , the reader should note tho exact position of tho several parties . Spain holds Cuba by force , without affection , ° '" the right obtained by benefits conferred . Ciihu j H H Houroo of runt or revenue for the

    hankru l > t exchequer at Madrid ; and in return , Spain HII P ]> lieH toCulmacorps of rapacious officials . Corrupt influences may purchase the adhesion ° ' thin or that class ; Imt the Cuhans , us a body , ur undoi-Htood to be anxious for separation . The Ntronjr measure *) of the Cuban Government indicate tho tenure by which , tho royal authority is stained in tho island ,

    On the other hand , the American Government has no locusstandiva . the affair . The American Government may possibly have promised that it will prevent the departure of , piratical expeditions , as it has done before ; but we already know thatthere are limits to the powers of the American Government ; and when we know that the order of the Lone Star numbers a body sufficient to form an army —when we know that the rules of the order exclude still vaster numbers who agree in its objects—when we know that many of the great ports are the centres of districts for branches of the order—when we know that the order is but one

    form ofthe great moving power to extend the American Republic , the same power that seized Mexico —whence we know that Franklin Pierce entered the volunteer corps for the purpose of serving that movement in Mexico , —when we know these facts , patent to all the world , we understand that the present movement pertaining to the annexation of Cuba , ignored as it may be by the American Government , is acquiring dimensions too large to be kept under by the official machinery

    of Washington . It is part and parcel of that immense irresistible progress which has been going on for many years ; and if the British Government has interfered to guarantee the status quo in Cuba , its position is this : It is undertaking to uphold the Government of Spain , and to prevent the irresistible progress of the Anglo-American race . In short , according to the Ministerial intimations , Lord Derby's Government has assumed in the West Indies an impracticable

    position . We have , indeed , no proof that the intimation is true . In many respects there is reason to doubt it . But we do not know that it is untrue . All we know is , that the interests of England are wholly unsafe while her power and her influence are , for a single instant , under the direction of a

    man like Lord Malmesbury—the sympathizer with the enemies of England and of freedom—a man whose cook is more familiar to political society than his own exploits in the field of politics—a statesman prejudiced by his order and his antecedents against the Americans and against all the interests involved in the Anglo-American alliance .

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    WHO IS GAINING GROUND ? Those who maintain that the world is now governed by a perfected reason , or that reason , at least , exercises an increasing influence over any extent of domain , should survey the map of the world by the light of the daily papers , and be rebuked . The survey will disclose enormous movements going on with unprecedented rapidity , both bodily , in the shape of multitudes , and politically , in the shape of changes . If they cast their eyes towards the great divisions of the colonial

    world , they will see migrations and revolutions in every quarter . America is receiving yearly from England hundreds of thousands , mostly to tho republic and the British provinces in tho North ; at the same time , a tide of emigration continues from England to Australia , with contingents , also increasing , from America . The gold discoveries are the premium which is peopling that distant land . At the same time also , ho will observe thousands upon thousands of Chinese departing for California , —many thousands in a year , with every prospect that the stream will continue to increase ; . The people who are engaged in this external migration are , for tho most part , not

    of the educated classes , but the reverse ; they carry with them , for tho most part , not the arts of civilization , but the habits of tho uneducated multitudes ; und to that extent they are peopling regions hitherto barren or scantily-peopled with communities much below the highest standard of European culture . Jt is true that with regard to the emigration from Europe and from America , however uneducated tho multitudes may be , they have habits suitable to the reception of knowledge and of intercourse with the educated classes which accompany or follow them ; but ifc is still Lho fact , that the multitudes , thrown into the new countries , are not ofthe high

    European stamp . On tho other hand , the great revolutions which am moving the political world in both hemispheres , East and West , an ; likewise ; under the sway of influences far from belonging to the highest in tho range of civilization . Ah the Times expounded on Wednesday , the American continent in divided between the energetic Anglo-Saxon family , bout on . spreuding itself over the

    whole continent , and that mongrel horde of republics in which the Spanish and Portuguese elements form so large a share ; republics unable to maintain their own institutions , and destined most likely to receive the yoke of a conquering foreigner , or to undergo the beatific fate of absorption into the Anglo-Saxon republic . But in this process of absorption European interests become involved . In Cuba , Spain and America appear "as litigants for possession—feeble old Spain shaking on her native throne , and strong young America , which is shaking States throughout that Hemisphere . But if Cuba be aosorbed , what of the other Western Indies ? The active

    men who are thus engaged in advancing the frontiers of the American Republic , do possess a very large share of education and of intellectual activity ; still their enterprise partakes in a very small degree of those peaceful movements which science and commerce arrogate peculiarly to themselves . Science and commerce have a very small share in the process ; and it is rather by accident that they go along with the conquering race than by design . On the older continent of Europe there is the same insurrection of unintellectual force to over-run countries superior in many respects to their despotic rulers . In m many respects lo tueii uespuuiu iiuuid . j-jj .

    political intelligence Austria cannot vie with Hungary , any more than in arts she can . vie with Italy ; and semi-barbarous Prussia is the patron even of Austria ; yet the armies of these two givo laws to the greater part of Europe . While Prance is conquering Kabylia , her elder possession , Corsica , is disclosed in the latest accounts as remaining under a mediaeval barbarism wholly uncorrected by annexation to the capital of civilization ; and France herself , which claimed to give laws not only to Algerines , but to Europe at large , is now accepting the code enforced upon it by Napoleon tlie Third .

    Who is Napoleon the Third ? He is a gentleman who has undergone a variety of changes in his style of title ! Well known in the West-end of London as an adventurer , with small means , and the name of Bonaparte , he appeared , after numerous and various accidents , as the elected President Bonaparte of the French Republic . L . N . Bonaparte he signed himself sometimes , modestly ; then he appeared as

    Louis Napoleon Bonaparte ; then , as the Prince President , elected for ten years ; and now he is hailed by anticipation and by the peasantry of Southern France , as Napoleon the Third . Historians of England reckon the reign of Charles the Second to begin with the death of Charles the First , ignoring tho Commonwealth . Historians of France reckon in the lino of kings that unhappy lad who died an outcast , and who is called in these histories Louis the XVII .

    The present historians of France reckon between the Napoleon elect and the original Napoleon , that young son who died a pensioner of Austria ; and by favour of that second Napoleon , the present or future is called the Third . The historical refinement implied in that use of tho auxiliary number is supposed to indicate that tho voice of the peasantry is a suggested cry ; but the inference is not necessary . The peasants have no doubt been familiar with the portraits of young Napoleon the Second , bis father watching him from heaven ; and hence the idea of a ,

    Napoleonic lino is more a matter or course witu that peasantry , than it is with the watchful politicians of London or Paris . Napoleon the Third is probably accepted by a large ; proportion of the uneducated Frenchmen , and by their help lie in carrying on the peripatetic theatricals which have been well developed in the South . The scenic effects got up are remarkable . Such , for example , as the impromptu interview with a parish priest at Bourges , in bis hundredth year . The Cure pleaded for the return of three parishioners ban ished to Algeria , and thoPresiden tall but promised compliance . By the help ofthe power

    thus obtained through the concurrence of the work ingchiHses , with the support of thewholesemibarbarous peasantry , Louis . Napoleon is carrying on the process of disarming the French people . The Prefect of the police has issued circulars , requiring that the possessors of arms should doliver them up forthwith ; the circular specifically applying to a great number of persons who have retained fire-arms in their dwellings , which they regard as their legitimate- property , " either because they have purchased them , or because they have been accustomed to possess them as property . " "Laj > roj ) ri 6 t 6 " says the newest ally

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    There is nothing so revolutionary , because there is nothing so unnatural and convulsive , as the strain to keep things fixed when all the world is by the very law of its creation in eternal progress . —Db . Abnold .

    ^Ii Liur Mans.

    ^ ii liUr Mans .

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    SATURDAY , SEPTEMBER 25 , 1852 .

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    September 25 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 9 W

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 25, 1852, page 919, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1953/page/11/