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Leader (1850-1860), 11th September 1852, Edition Town of 2, Page 868, Untitled Article

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      other races with which the people of this vigorous stock conies in contact , that I should still believe in the permanency of Anglo-Saxon institutions , government , and social superiority , as much in America as in Great Britain . All experience on both sides of the Atlantic serves to confirm the soundness of this opinion . In the United States it is well-known that the only influence the Celtic race , when handed together , has exercised upon , our politics has heen in the use which has been made of ' them by demagogues ( generally of other races , and most frequently Anglo-Saxon ) to hold the balance of power between contending parties , and

      thus to elevate aspiring individuals to office and power . A transfer to the American continent of the entire Cel tic population of Ireland need not , therefore , create any feelings of apprehension among those who are anxious for the perpetuity of Anglo-Saxon rule and predominance . Indeed , most of the Irish and other emigrants who settle among us seem to consider this result as a necessary consequence , and to acquiesce in it with a readiness which shows that they appreciate Anglo-American institutions , manners , and customs , as the best calculated for the adoption and use of a free and republican people .

      I propose , however ,- to show the erroneous character of the statement respecting the elements of the population of the United States , as quoted by the Quarterly Meview . This I shall do very briefly , but I trust satisfactorily , by two statements ; first , by answering the inquiry which may be made , what was the character , as to races , of the population which composed the thirteen British colonies which declared their independence in 1776 ; and , secondly , in giving the numbers and character of the emigrants from Europe to the United States since the American Revolution , with an estimate of the probable numbers of the descendants of those emigrants , thus added to the population .

      The British colonies in America , forming the original thirteen States , it is well known , were settled by emigrants , a large proportion of whom were natives of Great Britain . No considerable emigration of Celtic Irish , or other people of Celtic origin , took place until after the commencement of the present century . The New England States , New Jersey , Pennsyl vania , Delaware , Maryland , Virginia , North Carolina , South Carolina , and Georgia , were mainly settled by Englishmen . New York , the only Dutch colony , passed under British dominion , with a small population , partly Dutch and partly English , in 1674 . The Dutch records of 1673 say : " They , and as many of the Dutch nation as are

      yet residing under this Government , are calculated to amount , women and children included , to about 6000 . " In 1698 the total number of inhabitants in the colony was 18 , 067 , and in 1723 , the whites had increased to 34 , 393 , and the blacks to 6171 : —total , 40 , 564 . This was under the English Government . A few Dutch , Germans , and Poles settled in New Jersey ; a few Swedes in Delaware , many Germans in Pennsylvania , where they afterwards became one-third of the population ; and some French Protestants , called Huguenots , in ~ Nuw York , New Jersey , and South Carolina . Besides the wnall Polish colony in New Jersey , referred to above , another branch of the Slavonic race was represented by a colony of a few Moravians and Iioliemiiins in Pennsylvania .

      With the exception of a , few Scotch Highlanders who settled in North nnd South Carolina and Georgia , I believe no Celtic colony is to be found among the settlements in the British North American colonies of either the 17 th or 18 th ceni uries . Settlements of Lowland Scotch and Scotch Irish from the north of Ireland wen ; made in Pennsylvania nnd the C ; uolinns , and a small number of Irish Protestants settled in the town of Londonderry in New Hampshire . The very considerable numbers of Irish Protestants from Ulster and other parts of Ireland (<» f Lowland Scotch and noi , of Celtic origin ) who have , from time to time , emigrated to the United States , luivo led to much confusion and

      error in investigating the elements of American poptilution . But minute inquiries into the progress of the colonies will satisfy impartial observers that no considerable Celtic element existed in the population of America previous to the United States census of 1 7 ' . K ) The Welsh , considered by some as Celts , but who , in truth are the descendants of the Cyinri , furnished a . small ' proportion of the early emigrants to British mixed with their

      America . They have doubtless more English neighbours on their native island than have the Scotch and Irish ; and of Mm emigrants to America , particularly to New England , it was often diilieult to distinguish between the Welsh and English who c ; nne over together in tho early colonial history . There wore , however , a tew Welsh colonies in the United Statesin the last century , where the emigrants re

      , tained thoir language , manners , and customs . Such m the county of Cumbria , in Pennsylvania , and uume Ntntdler iwtttomanU in Now York and . other Htntttn . It

      is probably fair to estimate the Welsh element in the present population of the United States at 500 , 000 . In giving si view of the various races who contributed to form the population of the colonies , I should mention that a few Jews were among the number , principally commercial adventurers in the Atlantic cities and towns ; but the greatest proportion of the Jewish race now found there is of recent emigration . - . We see , then , that the following European races made up the population of the British Colonies previous to the American Revolution , viz . — -Anglo-Saxon , Lowland Scotch , Scotch-Irish , Welsh , Highland Scotch , Germans , Dutch , French ( Huguenots ) , Moravians , Poles , Swedes , and Jews . To these may be added a few Flemish or Belgians , who came over with the Dutch to New York and New Jersey . At the commencement of the Evolutionary war , in 1775 , the population of the thirteen colonies has been estimated at 2 , 000 , 000 of whites , and 600 , 000 blacks . There were a few Irish gentlemen of Celtic origin who accompanied the English Catholics of Lord Baltimore's colony to Maryland , and a few families of like origin are to be found among the old families of New England , and some of the other States , hut their numbers were too inconsiderable to affect a general inquiry and calculation like the present . The same remark will apply to the Irish Celtic servants and labourers , who accompanied the Anglo-Saxon , Welsh , and Scotch emigrants in the 17 th and 18 th centuries to the middle and southern colonies . I now proceed to examine , very briefly , the effect of emigration from Europe to the United States , for a period of sixty years—viz ., from 1790 to 1850 , upon the present population of America . The following is the result of estimates and returns made up at the Census-office at Washington , bearing upon this subject of emigration : — IMMIGRANTS FEOM FOEEIGN COtTHTEIES INTO THE UNITED STATES . From 179 fc » to 1810 . . . 120 , 000 From lcSlO to 1820 .... 114 , 000 From 1820 to 1830 .... 203 , 979 From 1830 to 1840 .... 778 , 500 From 1840 to 1850 .... 1 , 543 , 850 Total number of immigrants for sixty years 2 , 760 , 329 Natural increase in periods of ten years 1 , 590 , 605 Total number of immigrants since 1790 and their descendants in 1850 4 , 350 , 934 The aggregate number of whites , as shown by the census of 1850 , was 19 , 631 , 799 ; so that , if we allow half a million for the gain of white population by the accession of Louisiana , Florida , Texas , California , and New Mexico to the territories of the United States , with a , further allowance for other accessions by immigration previous to 1790 , it appears that about threefourths , or more than 14 , 000 , 000 of the present population , are descendants of European colonists previous to the American . Revolution . Twenty years , since when the white population of the United States was 10 , 537 , 378 , and the number of coloured people 2 , 328 , 642 ( viz ., slaves 2 , 009 , 043 , free 319 , 51 ) 9 ) , according to the census of 1830 , Professor Tucker , of Virginia , who lias written much on the subject of population , made the following estimate of the division of the people of the United States , according to races and descent , viz .: — Consua of 1830 . English and their descendants . . (! , ( MK ) , O ( K ) . Scotch f >( X ) , <) 00 Irish 2 , 000 , 000 German 1 , 000 , 000 Dutch f > 00 , 000 French 300 , 000 . Swedish , . Spanish , . Swi . su , &e . . . 200 , 000 Total whiles . . . 10 , 600 , 000 Africans and their descendants . . 2 , « " 52 H , (( 4 2 Total while and coloured . 12 , 82 H , ( J 4 'J On the above basin , slightly varied , I gives the following estimate of the approximate proportions of the different races forming the population of the United States in 1850 : Aii ^ lo-Saxons 11 , 000 , 000 liowlimd Scotch .... 700 , 000 Scolch mid Anglo-Saxon Irish . . l , f »( H ) , ( H ) O Celtic Irish .... .. 2 , 000 , 000 Welsh 300 , 000 Gorman 2 , 000 , 000 Dutch 800 , 000 1 'Vcnch ¦( including Huguenots ) . . 1 , 000 , 000 DnncH and Norwegians . . . 100 , 000 Sweden 100 , 000 Swim fi 0 , 000 Spaniards , Italians , . lows , &c . . 100 , 000 Total whites . - 1 » , «(">< > , <)(><) Africans , uluves and freo » » 3 , 000 , 000 Total , 26 , 240 , 000

      With regard to the Irish Celtic population jn the United States , it maybe remarked that , compared with the inhabitants of the Anglo-Saxon stock , it is a short lived race , and the average rate of mortality among these recent immigrants to America is much greater than among other portions of the population .

      Untitled Article

      THE "WILD BEASTS" OP LONDON . That there are wild bullocks in the , metropolis , as the re are pacts of wolves among the Alps , is an unquestionable fact ; only the wolves are native to the Alps and the bullocks are kindly supplied to the London public by its ow n connivance . What a metropolitan wild beast can do was shown by a fine specimen on Monday . Three bullocks , belonging to Mr . Price , butcher , of Claremarket , were being driven from Smithfield to be slaughtered in Bear-yard , Lincoln's-inn-fields , when one of them beca me very restive in Sheffield-street , where the slaug hter-houses are situated , and started off at a furious rate , butting at everything in its way . In this manner it turned into Clare-market , which place , fortunately , at the time was not so crowded as usual . Here it made several atempts to toss the persons it came near , but not succeeding , vented its fury on every article exhibited for sale in the streets . It then proceeded leisurely into Clement ' s-inn-passage , where in the first instance it seriously gored two children , named Atkinson , residing at 46 , Clement ' s-lane , one of whom was only aged seven years , the other , its brother , five months it then passed on , and in the same passage attacked a girl named Phillips , aged nine years , whose nose it broke , and inflicted other serious injuries on different parts of her body . From this point it proceeded slowly , spreading great terror , until it reached the northern entrance to Clement ' s-inn , which is protected by two upright bars to prevent the ingress of loads , &c . ; having inserted its head between the bars it forced its body through , completely

      bending one of the bars , and passed through the first and second squares of the inn -without meeting any obstruction In the third square , or the first from the principal entrance , it encountered an aged laundress , named Smith , whom it run at and tossed . On being lifted up the unfortunate woman was found to have some dreadful injuries on the forehead , and she was at once removed to King ' s College Hospital . From Clement ' s-inn the infuriated beast proceeded into the Strand , through Temple-bar , Fleet-street , and Ludgate-hill , with a very quiet demeanour . In St . Paul ' s Churchyard it overturned an empty truck , and made several attempts on those passing . Turning into Aldersgate-street an attempt was made to stop its progress by some Irish , paviours repairing the street in that locality , but it put on a bold front and with great coolness advanced to the charge , making its valiant opponents seek refuge behind the piles of stones at which they were labouring . Haying tossed a lad a little further on without seriously

      injuring him , the enragod animal was eventually secured in Charter-house-square , and having been placed in a beast-cart was conveyed to Bear-yard , where it was at once killed . On inquiry at King ' s College Hospital , it waa ascertained that the two youngest children were but slightly injured , but that the injuries on the face aod head of the girl Phillips were of so very serious a description as to warrant her being kept in the institution . Tho wound on tho head of the old woman was of a frightful kind , tho scalp being laid bare for several inches from the top of tho head to tho eyebrows , and her system has been so completely shook that , from her great age , nearly seventy years , it is feared she will not recover ; her wounds , however , having been dressed , she persisted in being removed to her ^ resirt « nce in Mjlford-hvne . Within thelasTiortnight two wild beasts have performed in tho same interesting fashion near Clare-market , hut fortunately the former onslaught was harmless .

      Untitled Article

      MURDER NEAR SHEFFIELD . Two children wore picking blackberries , about a milo and a-half from Sheffield , on Saturday , when they found tho body of a man lying in a hedge bottom . His face was shattered by a pistol shot , and othcrwiso cut about . Information was , of course , given , inquiry set on foot , and the body booh identified as that of Mr . Aloxandor . 'Robinson , a travelling draper . It was then found Uiu . tho had been robbed of money , a silver watch , and a pack oi drapery . Next , that he had been dining with Jaim ; s Barber , onco his fellow-apprentice , and a nephew ot lua late- employer , Mr . David Barber , of Doncustor . A " dinner , JiobiiiHon and Harbor adjourned to Naylor h puimchouse , adjoining where Robinson was in tho habit ot staying . There they had something to drink ; and Barber was heard to nay , that he would introduce Robinson to Honio goou ustomers ( Headless illage about fivounles iron

      c near , a v S heffield . Robinson then made up hid pack , and h » « j » Barber left the house- together , about 2 o ' clock . W m occurred or / tho road there ia only strong circiunwtH "' 1111 ground for believing . . We lind Harbor at the Koyal Standard pubhe-houso , m Hheflicld , which he entered , apparently in great liiwio . Here ho placed in the cure of tho landlord udrapor * p «< J > and , at his urgent request , a cab wan sent for . i {<) l ' < ' . tho nioHNenger starting for and returning with t »<> ' Barber asked for a clotliesbrunh , and was « . t consi < i « i nu pains to elen . iHo bin olotl . cn and l > oots . Ho was Arlvl ™ J ' ( he Reindeer Inn , Devonshire-street , whero » e asKOd a bed , but , tho landlord not , l >« iiitf able to uceoinmoui

      him , ho . wont to his own lodgings . .. iw-So far ho wiih traced by tho polioo up to Monday »»^ noon . In tho evening of Unit day oiroumHtaneoH w . brought to % l . l which quickly led to the imrave a , the whole mjrttery . They then received ho »»»»^ maker ' s name , and a general description U thorn < j . _ watch , and within one hour from the receipt ol ?»» J ; ot L'onco tho watch w . ih found in tho iioiwoHHion ot ivir . of Wct-ntreot , with whom it hod boon P ™ /; ] " ^' .. * dav ovoningfor UO * . It having been ioum that U * ° P left lit th . Royal Stumhud by £ ub « r , on ihwnWr •»

      Untitled Article

      868 THE LEADER . [§ 4 f * iRi ^ ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 11, 1852, page 868, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1951/page/8/