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Leader (1850-1860), 7th August 1852, Edition Town of 2, Page 751, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      A FIRE FOUNTAIN . ( From the Correspondence of the New York Tribune ) Waiohinu , Hawaii , March 28 , 1852 . On my return to this place from Honolulu , a few weeks since , I found an immense volcanic eruption in progress , on the base of Mauna Loa . I arrived on Friday , Feb . 28 , and on the Monday following started with Rev . Mr . Kinney to visit the new volcano . We took four natives with us , to carry our provisions and clothes , for , since the region through which we passed is an uninhabited wilderness , we had to provide against hunger and cold , sleeping in canoes and wigwams of our own construction . We were two days and a half reaching the crater , a distance of seventy-five miles from Mr . Kinney ' s station . We walked most of the

      way . ; We heard the roaring of the volcano at the distance of forty or fifty miles , and saw its smoke as it arose in an immense column at the base , and spread out into a magnificent arch above , presenting a grand , appearance , especially at night , when lighted up by the masses of red hot lava below . But no language can describe the scene which opened upon us when , on approaching within about two miles of the new crater , we ascended an eminence which overlooked both the crater and the

      river of fire that flowed from it dpwn the mountain side . Our emotions were those of mingled admiration , surprise , and terror . There played a fountain of liquid fire of such dimensions and such awful sublimity , shaking the earth with such a constant and deafening roar , that no picture of the classic realms of Pluto , drawn b y Grecian or Roman hand , can give you any adequate conception of its grandeur . A few figures may assist your imagination in its attempts to paint the scene . I made the following calculations , after careful observations during nearly twenty-four hours , from different points within a mile of the crater .

      The diameter of the crater , which has been entirely formed by this eruption , is about 1000 feet , its height from 100 to 150 feet . One part of the crater was raised 50 feet during our presence on the spot . The height of the column of red-hot liquid lava , constantly sustained above the crater , varies from 200 to ^ 00 feet , seldom falling below 300 . Its diameter is from 100 to 300 feet , and rarely perhaps reaching 400 feet . The

      motions of this immense jet of fire were beautiful in the extreme , far surpassing all the possible beauties of any water fountain which can be conceived ; constantly varying in form , in dimensions , in colour , and intensity ; sometimes shooting up and tapering off like a symmetrical Gothic spire , 700 feet hig h ; then rising in one grand mass , 300 feet in diameter , and varied on the top and sides , by points and jets , like the ornaments of Gothic architecture . The Now Yorkor , who , as he

      gazes on the beautiful spire of Trinity Church , can imagine its dimensions increased threefold , and its substance converted into rod-hot lava , in constant agitation , may obtain a tolerable idea of ono aspect of this terrific flro fountain . But ho should stand at the foot of Niagara Falls , or on the rock y shore of the Atlantic , when the sea is lushed by a tempest , in ordor to get the most terrific element in this sublime composition of tho Great Artist . For you may . easily conjecture that the dynamical force necessary to raise 200 , 000 to 600 , 000 tuns of lava at once into tho air would not bo silent in ita operations .

      The eruption broke oul , on tho morning of tho 18 th of March , at about tliroq o ' clock , and continued twenty days . Tho crater , in situated on tho base of Mauna Loa , about thirty-five wileH from Hilo , and twenty-flvo from tlw old crater of Kilunoa . Ita height above tho » oa is ubout 7000 feot . It has formed a Htreain , wihdi » g down tho mountain side , with several brandies

      thirty or forty miles long , from one-fourth to two miles broad , having a depth , in some places , of 200 or 300 feet . I was at the crater when the action was the most intense , and I judged tbe amount of laya thrown out pi" the crater and the several fountains below was not less than one tun a second during the day and night I was there , and for several days before and after it . The people of Hilo were much alarmed a-t one time , as the lava stream was . flowing toward them . But

      could they have seen the configuration of the country above them , as I did , they would have found their fears of dangerftom thelavastreamto be groundless , as it could not reach them without runuing over quite an elevated spur of Mauna Kea , or , otherwise running round the spur , through a part of the , district of Puma . In the first place , it must violate the laws of fluids and run up-hill , and in the second place , it would seek the sea in Puma rather than turn back toward Hilo . But the danger is now past—the grand exhibition is closed . Where the next will open we know not .

      Untitled Article

      " MODEL" LODGING HOUSES . ' Dennis Daily , Cain Mahony , Catherine MJ'Gair , from Church-lane , St . Giles's , appeared before Mr . Henry on Wednesday , in answer to a charge under the If ew pommon Lodging-House Act . Inspector iieason had visited the house , No . 6 , in that lane , at midnight .. In the room occupied by Daily he found fourteen persons sleeping on the floor , on four beds composed of matting and shavings , saturated with filth and vermin . The first bed contained a woman , a girl of 16 , a boy of 14 , and three boys from 8 to 10 years of age ; in the second bed , a man who slept with his mother , and paid 8 d . a week for the accommodation ; in the third bed , a woman , a girl of 13 , a girl of 10 , a bov of 6 , and a boy of 8 , for which the

      woman paid Is . a week ; in the fourth bed , a man , his wife , a girl of 11 , a girl of 9 , a boy of 6 , and a girl of 4 , for which Is . per week was paid . There were no bedsteads , and no partitions to separate the sexes . He understood from Daily that he paid 3 s . a week to his landlord for the room , which had never been registered at Scotland-yard , owing to his refusal to obey the new regulations , which had been repeatedly explained to him . His room was only fit for six persons , but on one occasion five families had been found there , consisting of twenty-four persons . There was no water in the house . . Daily was proved never to be engaged in any work , and

      IU UO IlULUUlg J . UI I 1 IW UVJJ-ig . He said he could not get the lodgers out ; 'but he'd clear them off at once , if the court would acquit him . Mr . Henry said that great pains hod been taken to make him understand the obligations of the Act . All that such men seemed to care for was , to live rent free , or make a profit by their lodgers and live in idleness , instead of seeking to support themselves and their children , by labour . Some example must be made in this case , and ho should , therefore , inflict , a fine of 40 » ., or eight days' imprisonment in default . Daily said he had not got 5 * . or 5 a . worth of goods in the world . He was

      committed-In Mahony ' s room , there were found four beds on the floor , without divisions ; and in the first a man who paid Qd . a week ; in the second , Mahony himself , his daughter aged 14 , a boy of 16 , a boy of 14 , and a boy of 10—also his children ; in the third , a man and his eister , aged 22 , who paid 1 * . a-week ; and in the fourth , a woman who paid Qd . a week . He said ho paid his landlord 3 s . a week for tho room . As this man had got rid of his lodgers , and promised to have no more , Mr . Henry deferred his decision . M'Gair said sho had lived upon her lodgers for thirtyfive years , having been a widow twenty years . Sho was a very old woman , and incapable of labour . It was stated that sho occupied three rooms , had beds and bedsteads ,

      but no partitions to separate families . Sho paid a rent of 8 s . a-weok , and , at the time when tho officers visited her , her lodgers wore paying her 12 s . 9 d . por week . Mr . Honry : You aro making a profit of 4 s . 9 d . a-wook out of your rooms , and you cannot do this without complying with the Act . The defendant : Why , your honour , I have 3 s . a-wook to pay for cleaning the rooms , and mighty little is there left to livo upon , for sometimes I'll not have so many lodgers in the house , and how'll I put up partitions P Mr . Henry considered that uho could do bo out of tho profits sho was making ; ho thought her a very obstlnato woman . However , ho would give her a week either to comply with tho Act or got rid of her lodgers .

      Untitled Article

      MISCELLANEOU S . The Orkney election has terminated in tho defeat of tho Lord Advocate , and in the triumph of Free-trade . Mr . Dundaw polled 227 votes , and Mr . Inglis 194 ; giving Mr . Dundiis a majority of 33 .

      Untitled Article

      Count D'Oreay died in . Puria on Wednesday morning Tuny J ohunnot , tho celebrated artist , died on Wodnooduy

      Lord and Lady John Russell were feted on Friday week by the inhabitants of Callander , in which village they have taken up their residence , by a general illumination . A procession escorted the noble family through tho village to the front of then * residence , where they were entertained with Highland songs and dances . A project has been brought forward by Mr . Thomas Woollcombe , Chairman of the South Devon Railway Company , for forming public gardens for the use of the inhabitants of Plymouth , Devonport , and Stonehouse . Tho gardens are to cover an area of twenty or thirty acres , and are to comprise a Crystal Palace covering an acre of ground . Mrs . Wilson , the widow of the well known singer

      of Scotch songs , died suddenly on Saturday last at Portobello , while bathing . She plunged suddenly into tho water , and appeared no more till she was taken out lifeless . The cause of death seemed to be apoplexy . Mr . R . W . Mackay , an English traveller , was stopped on the frontiers of Lombardy by the Austrian police , although his passport was perfectly regular . But it appears that he might have proceeded had he chosen to five up the following books , which he had in his earpetag : —Murray ' s Handbook for North Germany , an Italian vocabulary , Keller ' s Map of Switzerland , Hawthorne ' s Souse with Seven Gables , and a volume of the English translation of Plato . The Index JExptirgatorms must bo extensive in this region !

      The completion of the Freemasons school tor iemalo children , which has been built on TVandswortk-common , was celebrated on Monday . Under the presidency of the Earl of Zetland , M . W . G . M ., supported by the Earl of Yarborough , R . W . D . G . M ., by the provincial grandmasters ' , the officers and members of grand lodges , and the officers and members of provincial grand lodges , a splendid and imposing masonic procession encompassed the new edifice , and with the peculiar rites of the order devoted it to the purposes for which it had been constructed . After which a grand lodge was held , and various other ceremonies performed , in which the children took part . The Rev . F . G . Lee , well known for many miles round Manchester as a gentleman interested in the welfare of the working classes , wrote several pamphlets on the

      subject of a strike which , in September , 1850 , took place at Pendleton , near the chapel where he ministers ; and this enraged Sir Elkanah Armitage , and offended many of the wealthy men in the body of which Mr . Lee is a minister . New Windsor chapel , Salford , of which place Mr . Lee is the minister , has lately been undergoing extensive alterations , involving a very great outlay , and , as is usual in such , cases , Mr . Lee has had to wait upon a number of gentlemen to solicit subscriptions towards the repairs , and several who on former occasions gladly and handsomely assisted the reverend gentlemen , have this time declined all help . But Mr . Wood , of the firm of Wood and Wright , of Moseley-street , Manchester , had the honesty to tell Mr . Lee that his not helping the people at New Windsor was because of the course Mr . Lee had taken on behalf of the working people !

      Untitled Article

      The Committee for raising a testimonial to Nadaud , the ex-representative of the people in the National Assembly , now a working mason in London , beg to acknowledge tho receipt of a subscription from a few syrnpatliising friends at Blackrock , Lancashire . A meeting of delegates from factory operatives was held on Sunday last , in the Cotton Tree Inn , Great Ancoatsstreet , Manchester , and tho following resolution was carried : — " That our endeavours during the present year to vindicate tho present factory law , and to secure tho necessary improvements , have tho approval of tho majority of tho factory workers represented at this meeting , as evidenced by tho reports of their delegates hero assembled ; we therefore pledgo ourselves , should any further agitation bo necessary to accomp lish the above objects , to urge upon our respective constituencies to provide such funds as may bo necessary , and thus moke the present factory Act effective for its intended purposes . "

      Untitled Article

      Tho Orinoco arrived at Southampton from tho West Indies , on Monday , with a cargo of precious metals and stonos , worth 3 , 600 , 000 dollars . A body of 800 emigrants started from Gravesend on Sunday , on board tho Dinaporc , the Admiral , and tho Chalmers , for Port Phillip . The Chalmers was fitted up on Mrs . Chisholm ' s group or family colonization system , and carried 250 emigrants . The Northumberland started tho next day with thirty-six distressed needlewomen , belonging to the Female Immigration . Society . A small vessel in tuking up her anchor on tho morning of Friday woek , brought up tho electric cables , wbich bun been laid down between . Dnnaghadoo and Portpatrick . Tho captain , supposing it to bo a common cable , cut off and carried away about a quarter of ti mile ' s length of it . On bin arrival at Lame , ho found out wind bo had doiw , and sent tho cable at once to Belfast . Jt is mud that tho

      mischief will bo easily rectified . Two or three <» ihok have occurred in which tho strength of tho electric cables havo been similarly tested . Pilot buoys will prevent any similar occurrence in future . Tho rowing match for n livory and badge , bequeathed Irjr Thomas Doggclt , u famous comoriian , in commeinora-Uon oi' tho accession to tho throno of tho family of our presont Queen , was held on . Monday , tho appointed day being tho 1 st of August . Hums of money , partly given by tho Fishmongers' Company , and partly arming from a awarded to tho lirefc

      bequoHt of tho late Kir W . . JoliHo , nvo Hix of the competitors . Tho race in from tho Swan at Lpndon-bridgo to tho Swan at Oholscii . Tho first placewas won by Charles (/' onsl . ahlo , who in in tho employ of Mossrs . Iloulton and Wy ld , and who built his own boat . It . M . steamer Harpy , fifty-eight days out from Itio , has at , lost boon heard of nt I'nyuJ , which nho had reached in groat dintroHH from want of water , fuel , and provisions . Sho in bound to Kiuyhuid , with invalids , from the South American tuul JJruzut * MquadroiiH . It iu really a whivino

      Untitled Article

      A WIFE " BY COMMISSION . " ^ irt 5 of a rather u nc ommon charac t er wa s ught into ^ Sheriffs' S mall Debt Court in Glasgow , last Thursday t Mr Seott and Mr . Deans met once in a spirit-W ? fjr and had some conversation over a gill , respecting a T-widow upon whom Mr . Scott had cast matrimonial „ Mr ' Scott afterwards married the widow , andforth-0 J - received the following choice document : — << Mr Thomas Scotfc , merchant and manufacturer ; ifelson-street , Tradeston . , . " To Archibald Deans , Commission Agent , Ho . 10 , Albion-street , Glasgow . " " June 7 . —To sum agreed to be paid by you to me as commission or affency , for the purpose of introducing you to Mrs . Margaret Gray or Irvine , now Scott , your present wife , with a view to marriaee between you and her , and using my influence thereanent at your special request , which services I undertook and performed , and the marriage took place in consequence . .... ... 30 ? . Restricted to * o o » Mr Deans insisted that a regular bargain had been made , that he had got Mr . Scott a wife worth from 200 Z . to 300 Z ., and that the sum he claimed was nothing more than a fair vet centage or commission for his services . Mr . Scott of course maintained that the " commission" was a joke , in which view the sheriff acquiesced . ^

      Untitled Article

      AvUbtt 7 , 1852 . ] T li fi L E A B * £ R . 751

      Untitled Article

      Mr . Tonhnin Hmith has forwarded to uh a " proof " copy of bin now pamphlet on tho Von Beck aflair , entitled The Facts of tho Case . From a curwory glance—all that wo aro able to bestow upon it this week — wo should infer thut it contains conclusive evidence upon tho subject , nhowing that the said Von Bock was an imposture . But wo aro compollod to defer « i full consideration of tho now ovidenco until next week .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 7, 1852, page 751, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1946/page/11/