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Leader (1850-1860), 22nd May 1852, Edition Town of 2, Page 483

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      tt fcrin < ra three distinct charges against General Chan-^ ?^ Se says :- « Inllarclv 1849 , General Ghangaruier . _ . . ^ to prin ce Louis Napoleon for a written ^ fvLation to thr ow the Constituent Assembly out of the Mw Secondly , attheperiod of creating the greafcmilitary ^ maiids , General Changarnier again urged with energy C ^ essity of a coup < V Matj and , as Prince LouisNapoleon V <> d these overtures with great coolness , the general Te « 1 niTied aloud before the ministers , declaring that there < omSL to be done with that Thomas Diafoirus ; * * " *? thirdly in November , 1850 , when thfe Alais trial was * «• nti General Changarnier assembled at the Tuileries ,

      * nne of the drawing-rooms given to him by the President "blithe command of the army of Paris , a number of poiTral personages , to whom he proposed to arrest Louis ISTftDolcon and * to send him to Vincennes ; to shut up the Wislative Palace , by proroguing the Assembly for six ths and to assume himself the dictatorship / Amongst fheners ' thus convoked and present was Count Mole , ho refused to take part in such treason , and Who imme-J ' atelv informed the head of the state of what had taken nlace In fine , two years running , General Changarnier Persecuted Prince Louis Napoleon to obtain from him a Litten order to drive away the Assemblies . " hsent the denial

      Count Mole" as following peremptory of the assertion with which his name is so unwarrantably COUP * ( Tothe Editor of the Constituticihnel . ) " SIB , — I have just read in your journal an article in which my name is mixed up in the most disgraceful m anner with facts which I declare to be completely false . I was never present at the meeting at the Tuileries , of which that article speaks , and I affirm that to my knowledge nothing of the kind took place . As to the part of denunciator , which I am made to play on leaving that meeting—I shall only make one remark—it is an infamous calumny . I will , moreover , add , that so much audacity in

      insult , and so much boldness in outrage , injures the cause which it is pretended to serve . Trance seldom forgets the services which are rendered to her ; but if she could cease to remember them , insult and calumny would instantly revive the remembrance of them in her memory and in her heart . It certainly is not either of myself or of my own career that I speak thus . They are the reflections which have arisen in my mind , from reading the article entitled ( M . Changarnier et M . De Lamoriciere . ' I beg your insertion of this letter , and have thehonourto be , &c , J ( Signed ) " Mole . " Paris , May 18 , 1852 . "

      The journals are cautioned ] against admitting false reports under cover of an on dit , which will not protect them from the consequences of infringing that article of the Press Law , which forbids and punishes insertion of false intelligence . This caution is , of course , intended to prevent the insertion of any rumours , however well founded ( such as the Emperor of Russia ' s demand of reimbursement of stock ) , of a complexion unfavourable to Government . The secretary of the Archbishop of Paris has , by his desire , addressed the following letter to the Presse" You have been incorrectly informed in announcing that the Archbishop of Paris had given , his benediction on

      Saturday last in the church of St . Eustache to busts of the Prince President of the Republic . The Archbishop had been earnestly entreated by the forts of the Halle to bo present at the mass which they caused to be celebrated on that day . Not being able to comply with their request , ho promisedJJiem that , in going to administer the sacrament at a / neighbouring church , h e would attend at the end of the mass , and give them his blessing . This is what the Archbishop did after addressing to thorn some words of paternal advice , but ho never blost any bust . It is not the custom of the Church to bless tho busts of living

      persons . It only blcssos thorn after death , when they have been placed am ong tho number of tho saints . " The Presse says there is not tho slightest truth in the statement that M . Proudhon has arrived at Havre on his way to tho United States . Ho has , adds tho Presse , only a fortnight moro to remain in prison to comp lete tho three years to which he was sentenced , and ho has no intention to quit Paris . The marriage of M . do Porsigny with , tho daughter of the Princo de la Moskowa is fixed for this day . Tho chateau of- Fontaincbleau is to be placed at tho disposal of M . do Persigny and his bride during tho honoymoon . M . Fortoul is to bo Minister of the Interior ad interim ,

      durinp the absonco of M . do Porsigny , Tho now law on Customs Duties boforo tho Council of "tato romovos tho duties on raw materials for ship building and on crockery waro . General Parchappo has presented to tho Logislutivo ¦ Bod report , in tho name of tho committoo charged to examine tho bill authorizing a levy in 1858 of 80 , ( KX ) mon of the class of 1862 . Tho report states that , in ordor to k < Jop up tho armed force- of Franco at 600 , 000 men , it is necessary to call out 80 , 000 , oh has boon done annually for twont y yoara past ; and , aa an additional reason lor tho Jov it says—" Foreign countries do not reduce their Wmies . Midland foals qreat anxiety with respect to our progres s , and the firm , and becoming ¦' attitude of tho country ; hor Chambers have voted subsidies for tho organization of tt numerous militia and tho inorouao of tho navy , in Austria , tho sovereign of that ompiro and tho Emperor ° t itufisia havo passed in review tho tvoopw nsslunblod at vionna . " ¦

      I < mentioned ( wrifcon tho correspondent of tho . Daih / ¦ wewtt ) thnfc Louit ) Napoleon hud boon accompanied in hw ? jew of ilia pillory of Marshal Soiilt by M . Fortoul , tho wuniHfcor of Public ) Induction . A speech in reported to ™ ° povaon who wan present on this occasion , as having woon uttered by this minister , which affords an excellent * om ot tho oiviluation of some of tho hig hest functionaries f ,, i ? , P r 08 eiifc Government ,, louis Napoleon paused bol ^ J ^ ManiouB Conception of tho Virgin , ' Murillo ,

      the pearl of the collection , and asked M . Fortoul his opinion of iti The Minister of Public Instruction , I hear , replied— ' JHon Prince , tCachetez pas une croute comme celle-la ; je vous trouverai vingt brosseurs a Paris qtii vous enferaient mieux qua ca . This assurance reminds one of the famous blunder of the Roman Consul Mummius , who , when he was informed of the destruction of the famous picture ? . and statues in the sack of Corinth , said that he would order fresh ones to be executed . The modern Athenians , as the Parisians style themselves , laugh quite as heartily at the taste of M . Fortoul as the ancient ones did at the barbarism of the Roman consul . "

      The Emperor of Russia left Vienna on the night of the 11 th inst . for Berlin , by way of Prague , where he stopped to pay a visit to the ex-Emperor Ferdinand . On the evening of the 12 th inst . he reached Dresden , where he was received at the railway station by the king . On the 13 th inst . he was at Leipsic * and on the evening Of the 16 th inst . he reached Potsdam , having taken the route from Weimar by Halle to Magdeburg ^ On the 17 th a grand review was to take place at Potsdam : and the Emperor was not expected at Berlin till the 18 th or 19 th . Count Nesselrode was to meet him at Potsdam .

      After attending the anniversary of the marriage of Prince Charles of Prussia , at Potsdam , the Emperor proceeds to Warsaw to attend the military manoeuvres . In the month of July the Czar is to return to Potsdam for the Empress , who , in the meantime , will be taking the baths at Schlangenbad . During his stay at Vienna , areview , a manoeuvre , a Prater-promenade , a grand tattoo executed by six military bands and a couple of dozen of extra drums , . and three visits to the court theatre , afforded the public very favourable opportunities of seeing the Emperor .

      One evening ( writes the Vienna correspondent of the Times ) he went to the Burg Theatre , which , may be styled the hig h school of the legitimate German drama . In the piece given—a comedy entitled The Prison—the gaoler calms the fears of one of his prisoners lest his name should become known by the assurance that , like all persons com * mitted to his care , he has a number but no name . The Whole audience must have thought of Siberia , for every opera-glass was suddenly directed to the Imperial box . The eyes and mouth of the Emperor nnderwent no change whatever , but a slight contraction of the skin around the

      former showed that he Was suppressing a smile . The " particular policy of Germany , and the general policy of Europe , " are reported to have been the subjects of discussion at Vienna between the two monarchs and their counsellors . Prince Metternich ( writes the last quoted correspondent ) " takes a great part in the conferences . Notwithstanding his great age , he is still ( the letters I quote from- say ) as active , as ardent , as devoted to work as he ever had been . The Emperor Nicholas has in no wise ceased to cherish for him the same esteem , and

      to manifest the same respect for his counsels as before . It is also known that friendship of an ancient date subsists between M . de Nesselrode and M . de Metternich . The new Minister of Foreign Affairs of Austria , Count Buol , participates in the ideas of the two statesmen with whom he is associated . M . de Buol is the son of the former President of the Germanic Diet , and the father-in-law of M . de Mayendorff , actual Minister of Russia at Vienna . Tho Emperor Nicholas has much confidence in M . do Buol , whom ho had seen at the Dresden Conferences .

      The Earl of Westmoreland , the British Ambassador at the Court of Vienna , gave a grand ball on tho 13 th in honour of the Queen ' s birthday , at which several membors of tho Imperial family were present . In Hanover , the Constitution of September , 1848 , granted by the late king , is to bo stripped of all its liberal provisions by tho present reactionary government . On the 14 th , a message to this effect was communicated to tho First Chamber . Among tho most essential aro tho following proposals of the Government : To strike out , as contradictory of tho monarchical principle , tho article which provides ' that tho monarch , on succeeding to tho throne , shall pledge his royal word to maintain tho constitution j which violato tho funda

      to strike out those provisions - mental idea of a Christian state , and to withdraw from tho judicial courts tho power of deciding their own compotoncy . The Legislature is to bo ro-constitutod on a very narrow basis of rank , wealth , and privilege ; and both Houses may bo dissolved . Thoso measures are to bo presented m a regular way to tho Chambers for accoptanco and in case of reje ction , to bo effected by ordinances , with an appeal to the Diot . An oxtensivo conflagration at Dantzic , by which several mills havo boon destroyed , has burnt also tho waterworks by which tho town fountains wore partly supplied . Local tradition ascribes tho construction of theso works to tho groat astronomer , Copernicus . Four lives woro lost in tho iiro . _ . _ „ tho chief

      Tlioro ia a ministerial crisis at Turin . Ratazzi , of tho modorato Opposition , having been elected to tho Presidency of tho Chamber , in tho placo of Pinolli , < locoasod : tho Marquis d'Azoglio resigned ; and Count Cavour was intrusted with tho formation of a now cabinet ; but a telegraphic monsago , dated tho 17 th , announces that tho latter having boon un ' ablo to form a ministry , tho Marquis d'Aze-glio has boon recalled . Tho Chambers will probably bo disHolvod . Letters lrom Homo of tho 10 th inHt ., flfcnto that tho Grand Dukos of Russia had loft that city on tho Utli . Tho French had viod with tho Pontifical authorities in pitying thorn all civil and military honours . On tho ( 1 th of May , tho long oxpootod abolition oi tho Tuscan Constitution was doorood . Tho conclusion ol tho preamble to tho decree ifl in thewo words : —

      " And whoroas no vostigo of tho representative rogimon exists any longor in tho greater p art of Italy , wo may wlor that tho majority of tho Tuscans , romomboring tho ropowo and prosperity thoy so long enjoyed , and taught by unhappy oxporionco , aro induced to hopo , from tho consolidation of power and order , tho development of the > welfare ot tho country , ratliw than to dosiro tho revival ot a lorm ot

      government which neither accords with the national institutions nor with the manners of pur people , and was only productive Of evil whilst it continued in vigour . At a moment when the real welfare of the country and general circumstances require that the Government of the State should be reconstructed on the same basis as before 1848 , we have firmly resolved to promulgate the following measures , and we assure the Tuscans that , until our last hour , our most grateful solicitude shall bo to develope , by all means , in our beloved country , all the moral and civil advantages they are entitled to enjoy . Thus may God assist us , secure to us a power derived from the cordial confidence of our beloved people , and impress us with the idea that the new re-organization of Tuscany , by augmenting the prerogatives of the Government , renders also more weighty the burden of our duties . " - > - The decree itself runs thus : —

      " Art . 1 . The statute promulgated on the 15 th February , 1848 , is abolished . Art . 2 . The Royal authority resuming the full exercise of power , the Ministers , as councillors of the Prince and executors of his orders , become again responsible to the Grand Duke alone , and countersign all his sovereign acts . Art . 3 . Matters of public law , specified in the first chapter of said statute , shall Deregulated conformably to the principles and rules resulting from the laws in vigour in the Grand Duchy , previous to the publication of said statute , with the exception of what is expressed in

      the present decree . Art . 4 . The law on the press shall be revised , so as to establish a system calculated to guarantee efficaciously the respect due to religion , to morality , and public order . Art . 5 . The National Guard is-definitively and generally abolished . Art . 6 . The Council of State , inaugurated on the 15 th March , 1848 , is maintained , but is to be independent of the Council of Ministers . A new decree shall fix its attributes in a more precise manner . Art . 7 . The communal law , decreed on the 20 th of November , 1849 , and which was only intended as an experiment , shall be revised and receive the modifications commanded

      by experience . " Given on the 6 th of May , 1852 . "( Signed ) Leopoi / d . " Countersig ned by the President : of the Council , Gr . Balaasseroni , and the Minister Secretary of State of the Department of Justice , N . Lami . " The Gonservatore ConstituzionaleofFl . oreii . ee has as suxned the name of Corriere dell' Arno .

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      ON FRENCH SOCIALISM . ~ WHAT IT IS , AND IS NOT . Letter VII . A common instrument of calumny employed by adversaries to make Socialism hateful to every generous heart , has been the false pretence that the end assigned to human life by the Socialists was this— -the pursuit of happiness ; the word happiness being understood in the sense of purely material and selfish enjoyment . Now it happens that the man who has most eloquently and most powerfully combated this theory , and stigmatized this definition , is one of those " systemmakers" so bitterly accused—my illustrious friend , Pierre Leroux . I have before me his book on Humanity . The entire introduction to this work is devoted to the examination of this question of Happiness . I quote the precise words of Pierre Leroux on this subject : — - " No ! the aim of every human creature is not happiness , defined as it is in tho first axiom of Voltaire—that is to say , in the sonso of individual satisfaction . Human beings are not created to bo happy , but to live , and to dovelopo themselves in following alter a certain type of perfection . '« Nothing can bo finer , nothing more noble , more profound in feeling than the manner in which Pierre Leroux demonstrates this proposition . Ho commences by inquiring if it bo truo that absolute happiness exists , and ho cites all the philosophers of past times to reply to tho question . All , with a common accord , render

      him this tragic answer—No ! At ono time Jt is tho Greek poet who calls lifo tho shadow of a dream ; at another , it is tho Christian apostle , struck with tho universal grief prevailing throughout nature , who exclaims , " Tho whole creation groans . " Epicurus , in tho midst of his gay philosophy , confessed that our greatest contentment resides in tho memory ; and Anacrcon himself , as ho sat ut tho banquet-tablo , Iuh brow crowned with flowers , found tho cicala happier than man ! When Shnkspoure , under the cloak of Hamlet , harshly ropcllod tho lovo of his betrothed , did ho not acknowledge tho vanity of human happiness ? Aftoi" having glancod at a long scries of tho most striking testimonies , Pierre Leroux discourses in a strain of sad and tender eloquence as follows :

      " Lot us then frankly confess that real happincns is donied us , at least in our present lifo . How indeed could wo hopo to find it in this lifo , and , as wo any , upon this earth , whero g rief and death abide ? All that wo lovo be ing perishable , wo aro thus oxpoBod by our lovo to continual Buffering . Not to suffer , then , must bo , not to lovo . But to bo without lovo is tho death of tho soul , tho motif ; dreadful of doatliH , tho truo ( loath . So thon , whether wo depart out of oursolvos to bocomo attached to somo exterior object , or whether wo detach ourselves from all tho objoctH that tho world od ' ora to our lovo , wo are anHurod of eufforing . But it ia not only bocauBO all worldly objects aro changeful and perishable ^ that wo auflbr ; it is even moro booauso thoy aro bo mworably imperfect that thoy can never satisfy our thiwt of happiness . And it is not

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      MAy 2 ^ J ^ 52 J LEADER . 483

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      * A ridiouloujjcharactor in Moli&ro ' u Malade Imaginaire .

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      * Do I'JEEtmanitd , vol . i . p . , Introduction .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), May 22, 1852, page 483, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1936/page/7/