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Leader (1850-1860), 1st May 1852, Edition Town of 2, Page 413, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      S 0 IBJ 5 B OF THE CQ-OPBBATIVE LEAGUE . The second meeting was held at the graven Hotel * Craven-street ^ Strand , on Tuesday ; April 27 th , at eight . , clock in thV ' even in ^ ance . Mr , Arthur Bromiley , - of Bolton , Lancashire , read a paper 01 ? "Proposals for an experiment intended to determine land ittustj ^ the leading pri ^ ibiple ^ bf social phy % s . ' % . 'NealefEs ^^ oq k tKe chairl , ;^ r .: Bromiley flunks ; tha ^ b , according :, ip the , th eories of those wlio have laboured in the fields of political and social economy * we- cannot understand or explain the various social phenomenawhich requvre solution . He

      proposes transferring info ? dciety ;* he great Centre ; of action , and ^ nbt allof ing airy ' -fit the majn central properties to belong jto ipdjviduaisi to start afresh in the Attempt to resolve the socialprbblem . 3 ^ ^ Bromiley supposes ^ " individual ^ and families ^ are dr ^ nyii into cpmf munities , made members of society ; , 'heW , together in social relations , an 4 b 6 up dW ^ duties by the : siinultarieous action ~ of ^ three natural forces : " The impelling forae- ^ itocfcvies , desires , wants ; the -a ^^ t ^^^ w ^^ j ^ i ^;^*^^ ** & « & sive force ^ -the ' equivalent insisted on , bj ^ society fdiv what the individual receives . Mr Bromiley supposes .

      that these natural forces , together with the law of dwersit axe quite sufficient to regulate society , if no arbitrary laws interfere with their action . The object of the proposed experiment is to ascertain the actual effect of the forces apart from allarbitarylaws . He says , poHtic . il econoiiiists are deluded when they talk of the business of life being ^ carried , on by exchanges between man and man Iii civilized society ; it is utterly impossible for any naan to exchange the pure produce of his own labour for that of another person . / ,:. „ " . Mr . Broniiley sayi ? that , in trying the experinient ,

      great care should be taken toinsure the ; admissionof suitable members . Supposing a' imillipn ^ or half a million of money realised , and three or four ^ thouS ^ id subscribers > ea ^ y to c ^ would be to fix upon ^ pme temporary metropolis where they could hire buildings ,. and be in a good situation for transacting business ; they would also have to fix upon other towns where they might set up temporary branch establishments . They would' then have to set to work to the best of their ability . ,

      After entering the community , no one should be allowed to retain any separate property indepejidentof it . An increase of annuity would be allowed upon 1 any accession of property to individuals ; When the society has become well formed in its temporary abodes , ifc ; should then seek a separate and permanent establisninent of its own . After Mr . Brom , ileyha 4 concluded , a discursive but interesting discussion took place . ;; ' HWAN INDUSTBIAi ; POOK ^ LAW WOVIJ ) WOBK .

      We have received an important document' from a private correspondent at' Hanley 'in ' the Potteries ,: which illustrates in a remarkable , mapner , the working of industrial training instead of , what la equivalent to ' compulsory idleness in bur workhouses . ' It is called ; "Agricultural Report of the Workhouse School , Stokeupon-Trent , for the Year 1851 ; " an £ is , ad ^ essed to , the Board of Guardians . . , ' , , ; Gentlemen , —We , whose names are hereto attached , most respectfull y bog leave to lay before you our Seottod Annual Report and Accounts , which wo hope ' will be found correct , , ¦'; ••¦ ;

      Untitled Article

      MISSIONARIES STAEVED ON THE ROCKS ( OE JPA ^ AGONIA , The whole party sent out by the JPatagonian Missionary Society in 7 1850 ^ have ^ perished by starvation on rocks near . Cape Hprn ! The gloomy story pf these deluded men is told partly by . report from . Captain liMorshead ofthe Dido * sent by the Admiralty to ascertain thefate of Captain Gardiner , R . N ., chief of the mission , and partly by the journal of that brave but unfortunate gentleman himself ,,

      The mission left England in September 1850 , in the Qcedn Queen , for Picton Island , where they landed on the 5 th of December , 1850 , and pitched their , tents next ;^ day ¦; hut ifadjng the natives , whom they had come so far to oonvert to Christianity , very troublesome , they re ^ embarked until' their boats could be got ready . This was accdiriplished on December the 18 th ; the ship left them on the 19 th , and they started in their two Ijoats , the pioneer and Speedwell , for the opposite shore , on the ; south coast of Terra del Fuego , the natives still proving troublesome . The voyage

      wtas very unfortunate ; ' first bnfe boat , and . then the ottie * running on rocjes . At ! length they reached # place ^ ; v $ h $ They ca tted Blpmfield Bfartpiur j and here again the unconvertible natives . were in great ! force , and apparently very hostile , for the missionaries were compelled to " sail once more ; and they bore up for Spaniard Harbour . But the surf and the ^ ormsVdrpve the 'Pioneer on the rocks , ari ^ ir reparably stove in her bows .. T : he party , then took refuge , in a cavernj from which ; the tide-1 ejected ¦ thorn , . and they hauled the JPiotlde * hifrller nto the beach / covered her witli a tent ,

      artd ' mat fe a d ^ iriitbry of' lieri ' Next , a high tide carried aWayCopiain -Gardiner ' s books , irioncy , papers , and warm clothing , which last the tido returned to him . Meanwhilo the Speedwell remained higher up the mouth of a riyeiV and we hear nothing more of her . ' ' On tho 28 th of February , Mr . Williams , surgeon ai | d catecliist , was" taken ill , and Captain , Gardiner removed , tp a tent , which , on March iiath , was burnt down * i A voyage was mode , to Picton Island , to fetch Bome lpork bdrie < l there . Stores 'had' been loft at tho Falkland Island ^ and thtt missioriaries lived in hopes of a ship arrivincr witli them , tli ' e ' scurvy now apl

      pearcd , and three of . tho mon wore ' very ill . On tho 23 rd of April " they have provisions enough to last for two months , but some are very low } and a fox pilfering from them , they kill him , by putting a piece of pork opposite tho muzzle of a g ]* n attached by u string to the'trigger ; and as they , can pnlyis « "j > P tHreo times a-weok , thoy dine off tlrifi fox , and wait tho remainder ; i altogothoi * thoy appear to have been voij frugal with their Bti ^ p lies . ' I find a rtoticq of five largo fish caught , aW an account kept of tho number of ( Tucks shot , aa their powder having boon loft on board tho » hip , and a flask and a half being nUthcy have , jiho ^ 'keep litifoxi eriiorgenoles . " On the 12 th of May , tiH ^ bttfethd'tUcitoil . short alloWanco , andsupplic ^ only for ;< jh > e «) ^^ 3 fe 2 % ' s < jj ) ap ^ rt for '^ eoial prayej ;

      for supplies of foodL The tide washes into their cavern , carrying away their stores , endangering their boat ; and on one occasion Captain Gardiner and Mr . Maidment are obliged to escape from the cavern , and take refuge on a rock washed by the surf , whereoh they kneel down in prayer . June 11 sees two others smitten by the scurvy ; their fishing-net is swept iaway . John Badcock dies on the 28 th , and is buried under the trees at Cook ' s River . The remainder of the tragedy will be best told in the words of Captain Mbrshead , from the journal of Captain ( arardiner v—

      "July 4 . —Having been seven weeks on 6 hort allowance , and latterly even this having been curtajled , the party are utterly helpless . Every thing found in the shape of food is cooked and eaten- —a penguin , a shag , a half-devoured fish washed upon theAshore , and even the salted fox , washed out of tKe cavern , is thrown up again on the beach , and used for food . Captain Gardiner writes;— 'We have now remaining half a duck , about one pound of salt pork , the . same quantity of damaged tea , a very little rice ( a pint ) , two cakes of chocolate , four pints of peas , to which I may add six mice . The mention of this last item in our list of .

      provisions may startle some of our friends , should it ever reach their ears ; but , circumstanced as we are , we partake of them with a relish , and have already eaten several of them . They are very tender , and taste like rabbit . " July 22 . —They are reduced to living on muscles , and feel the want of food , and sometimes the craving of hunger is distressing to them . Captain ( jrardiner writes ,- — ' After living on muscles for a fortnight , I was compelled to give them up , and iny food , is now muscle broth and the soft part of limpets . '

      " July 28 , —Capt a in . Gardiner writes of the party in the other Dpat , — ' They are all extremely weak and helpless ; even , their garden seeds used for broth are now all out . ' c 'August 14 . —Captain Gardiner takes to his bed , but a rock weed is discovered which , they boil down to a jelly , and find nourishment from . " August . 23 . —John Ervvin dies . /' August 26 . —J . Bryant dies , and Mr . Maidment buries them bqth in one grave . " John Pearce , the remaining boatman , is cast down afc the loss of his comrades , and wandering in Ms mind , but Mr . Williams is somewhat better . " Sept . 3 . —Mr . Maidment has never recruited from that day of bodily arid mental exertion .

      We give a portion of a literal transcript of Captain Gardiner ' s last entries : *—" Sept ., 3 . —Wishing if possible to spare him ( Mr . Maidment ) the trouble of attending on me , and for the mutual ^ comfort of all , I purposed , if practicable , to go to tho river and take up my quarters in the boat . This was attempted on Saturday last , feeling that without crutches I couklnot possibly effect it . Mr . Maidment most kindly cut mo a pair ( two forked sticks ) , but it was with no slight exertion and fatigue , in his weak state . We set out together , but soon found that I had not strength to proceed , and was obliged td return before reaching the brook on our own beach . Mr . Maidment was so exhausted yesterday that he

      did not rjse from his bed until noon , and I have not seen him since , CQnseqiiefltJy I tasted nothing yesterday . I cannot leave the place where I am , and know not whether lie is in the body , or enjoying the presence of tho gracious God Whom lie has served so faithlully . I am writing this at ten o ' clock in tho forenoon . Blessed be my heavenlv Father for the many mercios I enjoy—a comfortable bed , no pain , or even cravings of hunger ; though , excessively weak , scarcely able tp turn in my ; bed , at least it is a very great exertion ; but I am by His . abounding grace kept in poVfe ' ct peace , ' refreshed with a sense of my Saviour's lovo and' an assuranco that all is wisel y and mercifully appointed , and pray that I may receive tho full blessing whiph it is , dqubtle ^ s designed , to , bestow . . ,. " Thursday , Sept . 4 . —There is now no room to doubt

      that my dear : felrow-labdurer has ceased from liis earthly toilaj and joined tho company of the redeemed in the presence of tha Loi-d , whom he served so faithfully ; under thesp cirqumstances , jt was in merciful Provideneo that ho left the boat , as I could not ; Iulvo removed tho body . Ho left a Iit ' tlo pcppcrmint-Avater which lip had mixed , and it has been a ' gtfoat coxnfoi ' fc to ihe , but there was no other to drink ; ' foiurihff I might' suffer from thirst , I prayed that tho Lord would strohgthon ino to proeuro some Ho graciously answered iny petition , and yesterday I was enabled tp got out , and scoop up a . suuViont supply from Bomo ih ' afc trickled down at the Btcrn of tho bout . Uy , ivicoub of ono of jny Indja rubber overshoes . What eombinod morciea atn'l roeoivi ' ng at ' . hands of my Heayonly Father 3 blesspd bo Ilia holy name !

      , "Prid « 3 , Sept . 6 . —Groat and marvellous aro tho loving kindnosscH of my gracious God unto mo . Ho lms preserved mo hitherto , and for four < lay 8 , although without bodily food , without ) any feelings of hunger or tfiirpt . " TIicr'o last reinarkH are not written bo plainl y as tho previous day ' s , and I concluded that they wpro t | xo last ; hut I find another papor , ' dated Soptombor 0 addressed to Mr : WilHaniH , m »« l written iii pencil , iho wholo being very indistinct and somo j > art « quite obliterated , but'nearly as follows : i—¦ " Myi ) KMt Mit . Witj , iamb . —Thp Lord has Been fit to call' homo another of our littlo cojtnpanv . Our dear

      departed . brother left tho boat on'Tuesday aftornoon , and has not since roturnod . Doubt loan he is in ' tho prosorieo of hiN liodeemor , whom ho Borvoil faithfully , x ot a littlo while , and though , . . . i , iho Ahmjghty to sing tho praiHCH . . . throno , ^ neither hunger nor thirafc ; tliough days without food ... Maidmont ' nj kindjiois tb mo ''' . ' . V ' ¦ hoavon ' - ' i •' Your affeotionat «» brother in . . « Aimn F . Gakbinbk . " floptom ^ oir 0 , 18 pi , , Thefo raolancboly purticulara were found by Captain Mwuhewd i who , nftor « .. long and careful search , dla-

      Untitled Article

      DATE . BXPENDITUEB . ' ' —— _ ^ | . | ¦ 1 ¦ ¦ . i' ¦ ' \ ' [ . Nov . 20 th . To Cost of Seed for tho Land . ' 7 , 8 , 1 » „ Manure for do . . . , 28 , 7 1 0 , » „ Now Tools for Boys . 6 18 2 » Ront and Taxes for Land . . 27 OOi » Coat of Toam Work . ... 1 10 0 Total Outlay . . 71 4 , 1 Balance ia favour of tho Board 11 10 8 , ¦ £ 82 ' 14 : 4

      Untitled Article

      - -IT . ! : IN" 0 OMB . ' , Nov . 20 th . By Cash for Articloa Sold . . 4 ^ 11 10 Articles for the Use of the ) r , House ...... ;• 5 10 3 " Ditto House Consumption 24 9 0 » Ditto ^ Feeding Pigs . . . 4 i , 2 1 J » Talue of Stock in . hand . . . 4 12 1 £ _ ^ ' . ¦¦ ¦ ^ E 82 l < fc 4 ' ,

      Untitled Article

      tiift ^ i . may oon Sratuloto tho Guardians and ouraolvea on ] f " ° ofo » r littlo form , although wtf h » wo booh oZ A"n ? und <» groat difficultioe and diaadvantagoa , ' as << Vn * of tll ° latKlwaB in the poflsesoiou of theiffoirig off r ""* ' ; nfl «» e ono portion of the crbpa did htitTptty tno , « n « , *» . ho 8 ame - Agreator bfeadfch of' potdtooa yds "own than waa judicious , and by thia a conoiarirttblo loaa fflSri i . 8 U 8 tainoJ - Tho whole of thi nmV ' iland undor AvZ ? i ° Ultlvatl 0 » * hie year has boea about aix ooros , which bivoa to each boy Wp * bj « of using * itool /(< Ml tte , iw *» # ft ¦ ¦• • ' ¦ ' ' •' . ' »¦ . ¦ . f . v . v ; ; ' : '

      about half ari acreij the rest of the boys have been employed in lighter work , such , as weeding , picking stones , Ac ., &c . The charge for manure is grea ^ but this has arisen fr 6 m the exhausted and filthy state of the land . As the ; tools / " will las € for three yeitirB , only one-third of the Yajue falls ; upon , this year , k ; We hope , in conclusion , that the Board of Guardians will , allow , us ^ ; work the land exclusiy ^ y ) ' - ' a 1 Io ^ ed ^ ^^ - ' ^ 4 ^ . ' independently of the adult population of the 1 establishment / That the Board will allow to 1 to have the management of a cow or two , as we consider ifc would ' add ibueh 1 to our knbwledgej as well as beinff a source of , pro ^ t to the . parish . , We thank you , Genflemen , most sincerely , for the , privileges we enjoy 3 and we hope by our good benayiour and , industry , to . . prove odrselyes wijrtHi' of still greater ones ' . ' , We . trust bur exerti ' ons may ^ meHfc your entire apprbbatSon . ' v ' ;

      We' beg to subscribe ourselves , your very obedient and liumblfe servantSj' ' Hen ^ Till , William Eoberts , Oliver Price , Benjamin Walker , Eli 'Cook , ' Sarhuel Stonier , John Hackney , William Ddolai £ jomi Wiodi Williitm Boulton , ' Henry Brooks , '! Eredcftrick OartT * right , Jos ' efph Bates , James Eobinson , Beuben Martinj ; Samuel S £ aW , - John Anson , Henty Cyplesi Jplin J " amee ( ,- Joseph BobinsOn , John Eeeves , Thomas Mellor , ChArles MyattjEicharS Shaw . The boys who have signed their iianies above have been whoH ^' or | iartially emp ^ ved' upon' ^ the ^ laii ^ i : ' ' ¦ ' " •" ' ' " wiphikTOL 'WAp'E , ScJiooTniaster . "in reference tp ^ he aboye Eepbrt , the Bosu ^ of Guardians have tp ; express theiy entire satisfactionj and it is . their determination to carry out a thorough system of industrial training , so as to render . th , e boyfifgpodanduseful members o £ spciety . ., . ? ..: ; ' .. ' . . . ¦/ ; -. ; . . ' .. .,,. - . ; .. - , . - .- .... ' . We understand that the project of giving the boys reproductive employment oh the land originated with the working 'classes atrStoke ; but that iiowy as indeed the approviiig note appended to the above report by the iGuardjans makes manifest , many persons belonging to ail classes support , the practice * . : This strengthens the ^ evidence we continually receive front ^^ persons in the cp ttnii ^ y , ' showing that the idea of reproductive emplby nje ^ t is making gre ^ tjway ^ ^ ' '

      Untitled Article

      .: ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . ¦ ¦ ' ' v . ' .. ' . ' ¦ . ' . ' ¦ ' ¦ . ' . ' ¦ . - ' ' ¦ .- ' ¦ . . ' . ¦ ¦ ' . ¦ ' ; ' . '' . .. ' . ¦' . ¦ ¦'¦ ¦ May 1 ^ 1332 . ] . ; r ^^^ M ' ' - 't ^; AS ^ ^ M ? -

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), May 1, 1852, page 413, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1933/page/9/