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Leader (1850-1860), 17th April 1852, Edition Town of 1, Page 360

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      France , almost every journal in Madrid has been daily seized and obliged to publish second editions , deprived of the offensive articles . Several companies that have been publishing great numbers of translated French novels have been constrained to close their business , novels of that class being particularly the object of governmental interference . ' . . ; . - . ¦ _ - ¦ . None of the journals comment upon the new decree concerning the press . They received a warning from the government that comments would not be permitted . This decree , it has been remarked , does not conclude with the customary intimation that it will be presented to the Cortes for approbation . Besides the restrictions already laid down , the caution money for editors will be 1200 ? . sterling .

      . The publisher of the Nation has been sentenced to six months' imprisonment , and 39 , 000 reals fine , for an article contained in that journal offensive to Louis Napoleon . The King of Naples is beginning to suspect the designs of Louis Napoleon . For some time past it has been very generally reported that Louis Napoleon is preparing a demand on Naples for the Murat property , as well as the body of the ill-fated king , which is buried at Piz ^ o , where he was shot . All that is known is—an officer of the Charlemagne , immediately on her arrival , was sent off to the royal palace of Caserta . , The state trials are suspended for an indefinite period . The well-known Navarro , President of the Court , is dying

      from gangrene in the foot . Prince San Teodoro landed in Naples ( from Paris ) , three days since , and . was immediately ordered to leave the kingdom . The prince is one of the most distinguished noblemen of Naples , and a friend of constitutional

      government . , Fresh supplies of arms and ammunition have been thrown into the forts of Naples and Gaeta , where the King himself has caused an additional heavy battery to be mounted with guns , which his Majesty has named after various Neapolitan generals . No one but the military are allowed to enter Gaeta ; an English gentleman -was refused a few days since , and obliged to return to Mola . The authorities throughout the kingdom of Naples have received orders from the Minister of Police to watch attentively if Murat ' s name is uttered , and to report if they have any reason to suppose the existence of a French party . Meanwhile some fresh arrests have taken place . of

      A curious scene has taken place at the Eoyal Palace Caserta . A monk had solicited an audience with his Majesty . On being presented , he had occasion to use ^ his pocket-handkerchief , which the brothers wear very frequently in the sleeve of their robes . The unfortunate monk fumbled considerably in endeavouring to withdraw the handkerchief—the King became alarmed , and called in his guard . The poor man fainted , and in that state was searched , but nothing was found on his person but a few copper coins . _ The Piedmontese Gazette states from Venice that two new frigates are building in the arsenal of that city ; that the island of San Giorgio is being fortified ; and that another fort is erecting to command the canals of Malamocco and Lido . The Verona , Peschiera , and Brescia Railway is to be finished before autumn , and is to be protected by fortifications connected with the general system of defence .

      The Portuguese Cortes have been adjourned to the 20 th of May to be farther adjourned to the 20 th of July , A ministerial crisis was caused by the adoption of a proposal made by a M . Mendez Leite to abolish the pain of death for political offences . The Government professed their concurrence in the principle , but demanded to bring in a special law on the subject . The expediency of dissolving the Cortes was canvassed , but that was thought too

      hazardous . The total loss of the steamer Porto , one of the steamers employed to run between Lisbon and Oporto , has filled the city of Oporto with mourning . Tho steamer wns in a bad state , and required repair , yot , notwithstanding this , she put to sea from Oporto on tho morning of tho 28 th ul (; f , at that time threatening , if not actually blowing , a gale of wind . A few hours afterwards sho sustained a defect , but used every exertion to contend until tho following day , when , being off Figuoira , tho passengers obliged tho mate ( who had tho command of tho vessel , tho captain having boon loft on shore sick ) to boar up for a port , and sho re-appeared off tho bar of Oporto at half-past five o ' clock P . M ., of that day ; but unfortunately her state ot tho

      would not permit her to contend with tho violence sea , and sho struck on tho rock on the north sido of tho Douro , in front of tho castlo of St . Joan do Foz . In this desperate situation , beating upon tho rock , tho sea rolling over her , and tho violence of tho wind almost precluding all succour , tho cries of tho unfortunato passongors and crow for aid only uugmontod tho horror of tho scone , while there was no life-boat or any dlhor remed y upon which tho slightest reliance could bo placed as assuring tho rcscuo of a singlo life . Notwithstanding those disadvantages , two pilot boats put off , only to return unsuccessful , as thoy wore unable to sustain tho contest with tho all-doyouring wavos ; yet anothor put off , and succeeded in ho noaring tho Htoarnor as to catch a hawser which tho crow of tho latter throw

      towards hor . At thin critical moment , tho passengers , pulling tho boat towards tho steamer by means of tho hawser , tho people in tho boat lot go tho hawHor to avoid certain doatli , and with it every hope of iho pasHongors was lost ; tho boat was enabled to koop , tho bou . until tho middle of tho night , but without boing able to aavo any one . Offers , it is Baid , wore niado of an immonso amount for paving tho passengers ; bo much m a conto of rois ( 2201 . ) for each ono saved , yot all in vain j dismay alone roignod . Attompto wore made to throw ropes to tho Htoamor by means of rockets , but this too failed ; at length tho firo was quenched , and the vessel broke into two halves , and immediately sunk , tho points of her masts apoaring abovo ¦ water , with passengers clinging to them , and crying in vain for aid j and at 4 o ' clock in tho morning of tho 30 th , tho sea h « d for over closed pvor tho awful scono of horror ,

      which had been witnessed by multitudes from the city . In this horrifying manner 37 persons have perished . Mr . Kin" -, the American missionary , recently arrested at Athens for " malicious propagandism against the Greek Church , and sentenced to 16 days' imprisonment and a fine , with final expulsion from Greece , has indignantly protested against the outrage , refused to leave the country , and appealed to his pwn Government for redress . A better case , we doubt , than Don Pacifico ' s . "

      A telegraphic despatch fromConstaiitinople , of the 29 th , informs Us that the Porte has agreed to the proposition of Sir Stratford Canning , to allow Abbas Pacha to exercise during three years longer the power without appeal over life and death , a settlement in which Austria concurs . The Belgrade Gazette announces that ( in pursuance of the arrangement reported by us three weeks since ) , the British consul-general had re ' hoisted his flag , on the 3 rd inst ., under a salute of twenty-one guns from the artillery barracks , and resumed his usual intercourse with the local

      government . , The Temestoar , a Hungarian journal , quotes correspondence from Mecca , from which it appears that the rebel Wechabites have beaten the Sultan's troops , taken possession of the Holy City , and are threatening Syria . The Belgian IndSperidancesays it has been assured that orders have just been transmitted to the frontier , to prevent in future the entry into Belgium of persons expelled from France . , . The Belgian Government has carried out its promise to Eussia , to dismiss all the Polish officers in its service . All the officers have been either dismissed or placed on the retired list . Several of them protested against the measure as an injustice . General Kruszewski has arrived in Paris . King Leopold , in bidding the officers adieu , expressed his regret that political necessities obliged him to adopt so harsh a measure . . _

      The following letter was addressed by M . Martin ( de Strasbourg ) to the Procureur-Gene ' ral , announcing his resignation : — " Mons . le Procureur-Ge ' ne " ral , —My convictions and my entire political life are opposed to my taking the oath prescribed by the decree of the 6 th inst . I am consequently determined to dispose of my office , and I have the honour to inform you that I have resigned in favour of the successor whom the 91 st article of the law of the 28 th April , 1816 , gives me a right to present for the approbation of the Government . I have addressed the documents , according to custom , to the Council of the Order of Advocates appointed to give their opinion on the agreement I have signed . ~ _ .....

      _ " Accept , Monsieur le Procureur-General , the expression of my respect . - "Maetin ( de Steasboueg ) . " Inconsequence of M . Martin de Strasbourg ' s refusal to take the oath of fidelity to Louis Napoleon , it is reported that there is serious intention of striking him at once from the roll of advocates of the Court of Cassation , and preventing him from availing himself of his privilege to sell his office , and appoint his successor .

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      LOUIS BLANC ON FRENCH SOCIALISM . WHAT FEENCH SOCIALISM IS , AND IS NOT . Letter VI . The Feencij Socialists , fae ieom pebachino selfishness to the woeking-man , hate rebached devotedness : fae feom appealing to personal interest , they have evke addressed themselves to the sentiment of duty . I resume the course of my letters , which have for a moment been interrupted ; and as I am unwilling to degrade a discussion , ranging far above paltry human passions , I shall no longer concern mysolf with M . Mazzini . To bo conscious of having commit 1 ed an injustice , should bo a bitter grief to any man : if it ever befall M . Mazzini , I will forgive him ; if not , I pity him . * The writings of the Socialists are before the world : why have they been constantly attacked , and never quoted ? Open tho Provincial Letters of Pascal , you will thero find tho reply . Do men quoto those whom thoy have mode up their mind to calumniate P For lothe Socialists have written :

      oxamp , Wo have received from God certain faculties — tho faculty of lovo , of knowledge , of action . But these faculties were not given us to employ in solitary isolation , since they , even essentially , suppose a Bocioty , in tho midst of which they may bo exorcised . Thoy aro , consequently , the supremo indication of what each ono of uwowes to tho society of which ho in a member ; and that indication God himself seems to have written with his own hand , and in nhininn- characters , in our very organization . If your

      strength is twice as great as mine , it is a proof that God has destined you to bear a burden twice as heavy as mine . If you aro more intelligent , God has destined you to diffuse around moro light . Woaknoss is the creditor of strength , ignorance of instruction . Tho more a man can do , tho moro ho ought to do : and that is tho sonso in which wo road tho immortal saying of Christ : Let the first among yon be tho servant of alt . Hence , then , feom ihveky ' man accoedino to his e-acuxties . Such is Duty . ¦

      But together with our facilities v ? e have been endowed by God with certain-wants ; intellectual , moral , ph ysical wants of the heart , of the mind , of the imagination . Now ' how can each of us completely fulfil his providential function , and accomplish his destiny , so long as social institutions shall not lend theniselves to the complete development of the human being in each of us , by the satisfaction of those wants wHch the organization of each comports . Hence then , taking , the word ; wA ! Tts in its broadest and noblest sense : —to eveey mast according to his wants : such is EiaHT .

      Thus , the doctrine that conciliates the requirements of society with those of the individual may be resumed in this formula , at once so simple , so striking , so elevated , and so practical : feom eveey man according to his FACULTIES : TO EVEBT MAN ACCORDING TO HIS -WANTS . From every man according to his faculties , and consequently the necessity of striving " progressively after the constitution of a social order in which there should be up more idlers , no more parasites , no more egoists . To every man according to his wantSj and consequently the necessity of striving progressively after the constitution of a social order in which there should be no more paupers , no more thieves , no more prostitutes . Such , is the doctrine we find expounded , developed , defended in numerous Socialist works . Well then , what have the detractors of the new idea done P

      Some have pretended to believe that by wants the Socialists understood nothing better than vulgar appetites and carnal lusts ; andfrom this ^ text they have proceeded to accuse Socialism of resulting in a filthy materialism . Others , even more astutely disingenuous , have mutilated the formula while they cited it . They have suppressed that part of the formula -which expresses the ditty , and have cited that part only which expresses the eight . After falsely affirming that the religion of the Socialists is wholly composed in these words , —to each man according to his wants , they triumphantly exclaim : You see ! the Socialists suppress the idea of devotedness , they suppress the idea of duty ! Thus have the calumniators by interpretation , and the calumniators b y omission , met together as on a common ground , to mislead the ignorance of many sincere minds ; and thus has Socialism become a bugbear and a terror , for want of beiner known .

      Ah ! in the face of these miserable manoeuvres , how can I desist from repeating the celebrated denial with which the avenging and indignant genius of the great Pascal branded tor evermore the brows of the disciples of Escobar ? Thoroughly resolved as I am to reply to suppositions by facts only , and to allegations only by Peoofs , I should have been glad to be able to arm myself with texts borrowed from the scientific expositions of Considerant and of Tidal , from the popular publications of Cabet , from the writings of Pierre Leroux— -writings , so full of unctuous eloquence , of grave tenderness , of profound meaning . Unfortunately ,

      not having these various works at hand at this moment , am obliged to defer to a future number of the Leader the important citations which they will furnish ^ me . Meanwhile , I beg the reader to pardon me if I begin by extracts which I ought to have postponed to all others , —by those , namely , which are drawn from my own works . When th ft Socialists aimed at the suppression of pauperism , were they yielding to the desires of a gross materialism P Did they believe that to fatten was to regenerate the people , when they ardently yearned for the amelioration of the physical condition of the people ? The following extract from a Socialist work published twelve years ago will enable the reader to judge : —

      " When we ask that the right to live by labour shall be regulated and guaranteed , wo do oven better than snatch millions of unfortunato beings from the oppression of force or of fortune— -we embrace in its highest generalization , in its most profound signification , the cause of the human being . W « salute tho Creator in his work . Wheresoever the certainty ot living b y labour does not spring from the very essence of social institutions , iniquity reigns . , " Now , the man who rises up against iniquity can never be accused of a selfish purpose , were he even the only BUirerer in tho world by tho wrong ; for in our day it represents all sorrows and all principles , and it involves humanity . _ " Far from displaying materialist preoccupations , the OrlBe

      ganization ov Labour , in desiring the Buppression or ™ U . ' rests on the doepest spiritualism . Misery retains the lntemgenco of man in darkness , confining education within shameiui Rmits . Misery incessantly counsels the sacrifice of personal dignity , and almost always commands it . Misery creates a . dependency of condition for tho man who is of an independent character , so that it musics a new torture beneath a virtue , turns to venom the generous blood . If misery engenders buil ' ering , it also engenders crime ; if it leads to the hospital , w also leads to the hulks . It makes slaves ; it makes thieves , assassins , prostitutes . i u " Wodesire , then , suoh an organization of labour as ishall bring about the suppression of pauperism , not only tliat tn material Bufferings of * the people may be relieved , but . &D ° ° all , that overv man may be restored to self-respect ; that iuo 1

      exoesB of misfortune may stifle in no broasfc the noble »« P 1 J * ° " ^ of thought and the satisfactions of a legitimate pride ; that tiiore may be room for all in tho domain of education and at uw sources of intelligonoe ; that thero may bo no ntoro m 0 "^ " " slaved , absorbed Tn superintendence of » rolling wheel ; no moro children transformed into a fcupplcmorifc of wngos lor tneu parents ; no moro mothers grudging life to the very iriu their womb , iVom doBpoir of their own livelihood ; no ro « w young * rirls reduced to sell ^ tho sweet name of lovo for a morm > ofhr oaaj , . . i . "Wo desiro the organization of labour , in order that \ w people ' s souls—their boui . b , I say—may not . remain ruinea «« pressed down under tho tyranny of things . " . ao " Wliy Boparato that which it has pleased God to nuurei p absolutely inseparable in the human being ? JTor indeed luo » twofold in its manifestations , but it is ono in its P "" ""^ . ! .. is impoHBible to affect ono of those two modes of o * 8 te " : Jj 7 ho out all'eoting tho othor . When tho body is struck , is it not w soul that groans P Tho hand of tho mendicant strotohea u towards mo reveals to me tho oompellod degradation oi * moral nature , and in tho movement ot that kneeling ana w » bling hUvo I discover tho abasement of his heart . ****** „

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      * Organization du Travail , Introduction , pp- 3— *

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      * Ono fact , howovor , I may bo allowed to irocall . At the t , imo when 1 was a mernbor of tho Provisional Government , M . Masczirii wrote mo a letter , in which ho bogged mo on behalf of a lady , a friend of his , to accord a friendly and sympathetic permission to translate into English my treatise on tho Organisation of Labour . I heartily responded to M . Mnzzini ' s dosire ; and , in offect , tho person of whom I speak , ft lady of olovutod mind and uoblo heart , translated my work . Thus wo find that in 1848 , whon Socialism was in power , M . Mazzini mado advances to me , the intontion ana efloct of which was to spread in England tho samo ideas that ho now bo violently denounces to tUo English people— -now that Sooialisja M in exile I

      360 THE LEAD EE . ^^ ^ ^ ^ fe

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), April 17, 1852, page 360, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1931/page/4/