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    BTiflll make professors " modest , " and not ^ vain rhetoricians better able to propose insoluble and dangerous problems , than toimp ^ t practical knowledge . Apartof the scheme is to make the degree of bachelor in letters rnore difficult of attainment . than at present , and that of bachelor in sciences less so , Not theleast important new fpature is the direction that religious and moral conferences conducted by the chaplain , according to a programme prenared'by the bishop of the diocese , are to be obligatory Bomari-cfttholic pupils . Analogous regulationsare

    upon ^ also prescribed with regard to students of other religious persuasions recognisedT ) y the state . The report concludes by stating that the whole organization of public instruehavinff been devised at a time when political authority had not regained its ascendancy , requires to be remodelled . This however , cannot be done without the concurrence of the Corps Legislatif , and M . Fortoul announces that he has placed in the President ' s hands the draft of a bill , ¦ which he proposes immediately to bring forward in the Chamber .

    In pursuance of the decree reconstituting the University , MM . Michelet , Quinet , and Mickiewitz are deprived of their professorships in the College of France . Both MM . Michelet and Quinet had been suspended by the- ¦ ¦ Government of Louis Philippe , but it is only since the decree of the 9 th of March that the Government has the power of depriving professors , of their honorary rank . They are dismissed , asserts the Government , for haying abused their chairs to infuse violent political sentiments into the minds of the rising youth , and for having' converted their lectures into violent "Republican harangues . Our readers wfll not be at a loss to understand the sacrifice of MM . Michelet and Quinet to the Jesuits , who are now all-powerful in France . M . Mickiewitz , as the intimate friend of

    his brother professors , as a Polish refugee , an ardent Republican , and a hater of Russia , had claim enough , and to spare , to the honours of persecution . By his dismissal not only the regnant system in France , but Russia and Austria , are appeased . The new system of studies , which aims at special instruction and disclaims all that appeals to moral sentiments , will , according to the Assemhlee Rationale , M . Guizot ' s journal , the writer from whom the above extract is taken , rather aggravate ^ the tendencies against which it would seem to be a reaction , because it will more than ever give disposition to materialism by materialising education . This journal has a violent attack on the Polytechnic School , of which it says ,

    There has never been , in point of fact , a school which has spoiled so many good natural dispositions , or given a wrong bent to so many minds , as that of the Ecole Polytechnique . Those who have so much superadded to studies and exaggerated tendencies have forgotten the severe judgments pronduncedby Descartes and Leibnitz themselves on mathematics when pushed to excess . It would seem as if the Polytechnic School had been created expressly to illustrate the results of such excesses . France is the only country which possesses such a school , and yet it is not the only country that can boast of engineers and artillery officers of distinction ; but it is the only one which possesses so many perverted minds and so many dangerous monomanias , who reduce morals and politics to algebraical formulas .

    Louis Napoleon loses no occasion to conciliate the Church . Ho was exemplary , wo are told , in his devotions during Holy Week , and , as a matter of course , his example was closely followed by his entourage . Some of them went even so far as to go to confession—a ceremony which it need hardl y bo saw . ia not always observed in France , even by some who consider themselves good Catholics . Other symptoms of the anxiety of Louis Napoleon to curry favour with tho clergy have given rise to observation . The Archhisho p of Paris happening to dino at the Elys 6 " o on a Friday in Lent , everything on the tablo was inaigrc . When tho barretbe was delivered to tho new cardinal lushop , Louis Napoleon knolt before him , and asked his io r wio wnoie court ins

    "™« ij ,, •• iollowing example . During Holy Week an order waa given that all soldiers should / not onl y be permitted to go to confession , but that tho officers should encourago thorn to do so ; and when some of tho men oxpresscd their intention to take advantage of t he permission , and wore laughed at by their companions , who woro amused at tho unusual service roeomwiondod to them , the scoffers woro reprimanded , and threatened with tho black hole , Besides this , the usual exorcising of tho troops was suspended during Holy Wook . fho Govornmonfc has commenced putting tho decrees ior tho confiscation of tho Orleans property into execution . Un baturdav last tho Government agents wont to Mon-Cflaux , for tho purpose of taking possession of tho chateau < ind park . Tho concierge rtrfusod to admit thornor to

    , ffivo up tho koyH ; upon which tho aid of a commissary of polico was called in , nnd ho ordered the doors to bo broken ° I : Tho concierge wan . then informed that . tho Govorn-, ntdul not wisl 1 to displace any of tho persons om- « ployed on tho property , and that ho was afc llborty to ro-1 , !"" ' »» p ho ronliod , with more spirit than prudonco , •/ mr , Jl ° did not choose to remain aveo dos' Dolours . On Juomlay morning tho agonta procoodod to tho Palace of ^ ouuiy , for tho purpose of taking possession of it . M . fl ° fi ° \ ftffOnfc of tho Orleans family , had procoodod uutlior ior tho purpoao of closing tho gates against tho invaders , and with tho determination oi rasisting to tho utmost .

    lin « ? . ftlboufc 000 ° t ^ ops , which hod originally , Z ,. , ? r * yesterday , but which was postponed on ae-^» unt ot its b omg Easter Sunday , took place on Monday ormng . Tho President was woll received by tho Boldiors ,

    and the cries of " Vive Napoleon ! " were almost unanimous . One novelty was observed upon this occasion . Persons stationed here and there .. in the crowd cried out ' Vivele Pere du Peuple ! " as Louis Napoleon passed , and that in a manner which showed that it was a mot d ' ordre . The Prince de Canino has arrived in Paris from his fruitless expedition to Rom ; e . He paid a visit to the Elyse ' e , but was : not received by the President of the Republic "; and the explanations which he gave ; -with respect to his exploits at Genoa and Civita Vecchia , were communicated to Louis Napoleon through the medium , of the Minister of State . The refusal of the President to

    receive the Prince de Canino was announced officially to the Pope ' s Nuncio in Paris , as a satisfaction to his Holiness . The declared object of the prince ' s voyage to Civita "Vecchia was two-fold ; he wanted to sell his fine palace in the Piazza di Venezia at Rome , and to put in a plea of opposition to his wife ' s demand for a separation de corps . The President of the French Republic gave his cousin the Prince de Canino leave to go to Civita Vecchia to send for his men of business from Rome , to make all necessary arrangements with them at the port of the Roman States , but not to proceed to the Eternal City without an express permission of the Pope . The landing of M . Charles Bonaparte was effected in spite of the papal authorities . The

    French military commander at Civita Vecchia thus broke by force through the interdiction of the Pope ' s delegate by virtue of instructions which he received from Paris . But the same officer pledged his word at the same time that the prince should not leave Civita Vecchia ; and he was , in fact , garde" a vue by French policemen during his stay at Civita Vecchia . He has sold his library , museum , &c ; to an American gentleman . The grand review for the distribution of the eagles to the army is positively fixed for the 10 th of May . The whole of the force quartered in Paris and its neighbourhood will be present , and the other regiments of the

    army will be represented each by its colonel and deputation . On the evening of the 9 th a fete will be given at the Military School by the army to the President of the Republic ,-who has signified his accptance of the invitation ; while , before the ball commences , fireworks , which are in course of preparation by the artillery regiment - of Vincennes , will play fixan the heights of Chaillot , fronting the Champ de Mars . Meanwhile , the semi-official journals are preaching " the pacific Empire , " as the desire of France , and her future hope and = strength . We may as well glance here at the Austrian opinion of the coming empire .

    The Austrian JPresse has the following observations on the presumed Imperial aspirations of the Prince President of the French Republic : — " In the eyes of the ' sovereign people' ( says the Austrian JPresse ) , the man of the nation ' s choice will scarcely win for himself that legitimacy and that hereditary right which he has so cleverly tried to make out , and the great powers who signed the act for excluding the Bonaparte family from the throne of France , certainly did not see in the

    man of December 2 the descendant of Napoleon , but merely saluted him as the fortunate restorer of social order in France and the rest of Europe , and from this point of view they would assuredly have accepted the foundation of a dynasty , not parceque but quoique Bonaparte , as a . fait accompli . But the successor of a Frencli emperor , and the heir of the imperial plans of conquest , combined with that hankering after Social experiments already familiar to us is a phenomenon , the unusual form of which must produce an uneasy feeling in the mind . "

    It appears that in the destruction of Lagos the establishments of some French merchants , who profess to trade in gum , were involved . These merchants , belonging chiefly to Marseilles , have addressed a memorial of their losses to the French government , and applications arc now being made through the French embassy in London , to tho British Government , for indemnity . With reference , perhaps , to this affair , the Siecle published a rumour of differences having sprung up : in reply to which tlie Government journals declare , that the British and French Governments are on tho best understanding with each other . Tho Legislative Body resumed its sitting after tho Easter recess on Tuesday afternoon ; but the business transacted « vns brief and unimportant .

    Tho President stated that ho had received from tho Minister of Stato a bill concerning tho rehabilitation of persons condemned by tho tribunals to a peine in * Jlictive et infamante . For tho more grave cases five years should elapse after tho punishment had been borne before tho application for such restoration to civil rights could bo mtulo , and three years for cases of condemnation before the correctional police ; in every instance , before any demand could bo entertained , tho whole of the damngCB and costs incurred nhould bo paid up . The bill was ordered to bo printed and distributed . The President also stated that ho had received other bills from tho Minister of Stato tending to authorize the town of St . Oinor , and tho departments of tho Hautos-Pyrenees , tho Mouse , and tho Van do Calais , to contract loans . These four" ImIIb woro ordered to bo referred to tho sumo conimittoo . Tho order of tho day

    was tho report of tho committee ou tho Copper-coinage Bill , but tho nmondinonts referred to tho Council of Stato not having boon sent back , tho report could not bo prepared . Tho President then stated that iu a few days a sorioB of Bilbj would bo presented to tho Assembly—ono relative to certain railway lines ; another

    to the mortgage system ; another concerning the customs ; and , in addition , the budget for 1853 . These various matters , the President observed , would afford full occupation to the Legislative Body to the end of the session . As it was not possible to name the precise day on which the Legislative Body would have next to meet ,, notice should be sent to the 'members at their residences . The sitting was then brought to a closer at a quarter to four .

    M . Miot , ex-representative of the people , condemned to deportation for no other crime than refusal to accept a passport of exile , has had his sentence graciously commuted from Cayenne to Algeria * Colonel Guinard , condemned for the affair of June 13 , 1849 , having received an unconditional pardon from the President , is now at large in Paris . Nearly 26 , 000 , 000 sterling will be required by different railway companies and by the city of Paris for publ ic works .

    Prince Schwarzenberg died in consequence of the bursting of a blood-vessel in the heart , caused by extreme an ^ continued nervous excitement , which had sown the disease and accelerated the end . He had laboured under a coup de sang for a fortnight before his death . The reigning Prince , his brother , has set off to superintend the funeral at "Wittingau , the family estate in Bohemia . Prince Felix has left all his movables to hi 3 natural daughter , who has English blood in her veins . She married some time since an Austrian officer of lancers , now serving in Transylvania . The Emperor of Austria has addressed the following letter to the reigning Prince Adolphe de Schwarzenberg : •—" My . dear Prince , —Divine Providence has inflicted a heavy trial on your family . The sudden death of Prince

    Felix de Schwarzenberg is for me personally , and for the State , an event of great importance . I lose in him a faithful servant and a loyal friend , and the country a man who , in stormy times , devoted himself to my house with rare courage , and to the task with which he was charged of preserving public order and the throne with so much self-denial and with such great success , that his name will eternally occupy a glorious place in the annals of Austria . Accept , my dear prmce , the assurance of my deep interest , and the expression of the regret with which , my mind is agitated near the tomb of the deceased . " The official and semi-official organs publish high encomiums on the deceased , and maintain that the best recognition of his merits will be a strict and faithful adherence to his policy .

    ~ At a meeting of the three ambassadors at Vienna on the 7 th , a resolution was unanimously adopted , declaring that the peace of Europe depended on the maintenance of the policy , home as well as foreign , laid down by Prince Schwarzenberg . Previous to his death the Prince is said to have drawn up a memorandum pointing out the necessity of enforcing his system , ( Was England one of the three ?) On the 9 th inst . tho Customs Congress at Vienna * i esuined its sittings . Dr . Hock addressed the delegates on tho subject of Prince Schwarzenberg ' s death , and announced that that event would not lead to any modification in the political and commercial system pursued by Austria . The emperor , he said , had given orders that this fact should be communicated to all the representatives of

    foreign courts . The Prussian Minister of Commerce is just now involved in ft very troublesome dispute with tho directors of tho Berlin and Hamburg Railway . The Prussian government insists upon the appointment of a night train to run between , tho two cities , a very desirable arrangement no doubt for tho public . But tho Hamburg , Danish ( Lauenburg ) , and Mecklenburg governments aro shareholders in this line , and object to this autocratic dictation of tho Minister of ono stato . M . von dcr Heydt has monaced tho Directors with a fine and deposition to compel them , to run tho * train . On tho other hand , tho authorities of Hamburg and Mecklenberg interdict tho appointmont of tho train , will not permit its passage over their territory , and threaten tho infliction of a fine of double tho amount of that fixed by the Prussian minister in case of disobedience

    A pamphlet , just published at Berlin , entitled Lettre adrcssio a 8 . M . VMnpcrettr d'Autrichc par tin- Qentilhonime Polonais , has boon seized and prohibited by tlw police ; it contains an appeal to tho Emperor on behalf of Count Potocki , a Galizian nobloman arrested some time ago by the Austrian Government . It is written in a do clamatory stylo , and ono passage contains a throat of vengeance from an " insulted and outraged aristocracy . " An allusion ia made to " tho law of tho cord or tho scarf , '' and tho " vigilant eyo" of tho tribunal that watches oven tho Emperor of Russia , nnd " would not hesitate to do justice on him as on mariy of his ancestors . "

    According to letters from Warsaw of the 23 rd ult . tho Czar has shown morcy—Imperial mercy—to a number of Polish noblemen now in Siberia , whither they woro sent , with many who have since died , in 1884 . Tho unhappy mon aro to come back to what wub their homo , but not a farthing of the revenues of their estates will fchoy bo allowea to handle , tho government having long since appropriated tho whole a « rowards to its military and civil employ fa . Tho act of pardon Bays that-only loyal subjects have a ri gh * * ° hold property in Rusida . Tho Swedish Government shows how it interprets tho

    question ot civil and religious liberty in tho country by tno moat extraordinary announcements : ' It has just rofuHcd itn consent to tho association of soven journeymen tailorB , for tho very name of association is a b ' ugboar . It has under cover of a polico ordor ventured to prohibit every public meeting ot every kind , whether for amusoinonfc or instruction , without its special permission , and has just made known itu determination strictly to punish all " convontioles" or othor meetings in a nrivato house , howovor few or many may yisit it , for religious purposes . Binco tho publication of the decree upon tho press , which ia almost a copy of thut lately promulgated in

    Untitled Article

    A * Rit 17 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . ^

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), April 17, 1852, page 359, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1931/page/3/