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and money-making was their sole object * Then the officers of the army of course were anxious for a new war , and for opportunities of distinction , and promotion , and a great conquest , to be followed by the creation of numerous lucrative appointments . Thia ambition , for distinction and reward was very natural , and no doubt led to great actions being performed . But this pressure , by a large portion of the civil and military services was not to be overlooked , for it might be very difficult to withstand . He thought that the annexation of any large portion of the empire of Ava would be a decidedly false move—it would draw off in that direction a great part of the resources of
the Indian Government , and materially embarrass both the civil and military services . And entertaining these deep apprehensions he hoped that such papers would be produced as would throw some light on the cause of the war . No trustworthy officer appeared to have been sent to Ava to get at the truth of the various complaints . And for the small sum of 900 ? . all the expense and danger of a war was to be incurred ! Lord Ellenborough then observed , that he looked with great suspicion on some of the persons connected with trade at Rangoon , and he had little faith in their statements of grievances . There was a certain Mr . Crisp , who , as soon as he heard that a war was impending , freighted a schooner with warlike stores and arms , which he sold
to the Governor of Rangoon ; and when the Governor refused payment , he had the effrontery to go to the British commodore , and complain of his loss and injury , and request that his claim mig ht be added to the bill against the Burmese government . The Governor of Rangoon , when he heard of this , offered a sum of 1001 . for Crisp ' s head , " and , " said the noble lord , " I confess I should not be overwhelmed with grief if he had got it for the money / ' Unless there were an imperative necessity it would not be wise or prudent to carry on these hostilities . Lord Ellenborough concluded
with these words" I have been given to understand that the service of the Madras army will be required for a totally different purpose , namely , the occupation of the territory of the Nizam , unless he pays the tribute ; and no operations ought to be commenced in that country without having the whole Madras army at disposal . Again , Hyderabad is in the possession of Arabs , who will defend it with great bravery so that , unless we postpone these operations , we will be carrying on a war with a comparatively weak or divided force at the same time in places very distant from one another . I hope my noble friend will not think it inconsistent with his duty to lay upon your lordships' table such papers as will show upon what grounds the war was undertaken . ( Hear , hear . )"
The Eabi . of Derby complimented Lord Ellenborough on his extensive knowledge of the subject ; he was sure that ho had not overstated the difficulties of the war , or the various objections to a large accession of territory to our already enormous Eastern empire ; but he was sure that when the papers which were asked for had been introduced , that it would be quite clear that the Governor-General had spared no exertion to avoid hostilities . There was no apprehension entertained by the Indian Government that the war would bo protracted ; the measures taken had been so prompt and so vigorous that these hostilities would be soon
brought to a successful conclusion . The demands made xipon the Government of Ava were just and moderate ; they had been met with indignity and insult . After several endeavours at conciliation , the Govcrnov-Goneral , with the unanimous consent of the Supreme Council , thought that no time should be lost in trifling , but that a blow should at once be struck in Rangoon and Mnrtaban as should make an effectual impression of our power in the minds of the Burmese . But even then ithe Governor-Goneral did not relax his endeavours to settle matters amicably ; he had sent a communication , not to the Viceroy at Rangoon , but to the King
of Ava himself ; stating that if the King would express regret for what had occurred , and comply with the oriyinnl conditions , and the expenses of our expedition defrayed , pence should bo concluded at once . But if these Htcps should not bo successful before the coniineneomont of the rainy season , it would then bo for the Govornor-Genoral to consider what would bo his duties and responsibilities in the more serioiw and arduous struggle which would then ho forced upon him . No man wan more anxious than Lord Dalliouuic
to avoid war , and to ayoid " u still groater misfortune . —the compulsory annexation of the Burmese empire ? Lord Beaumont brought forward" tho question of the foreign refugees in this country , and trusted that tho Government would adopt tho principles laid down by Lord UitANVlMVfi , and that it would refuse to plivy tho part of un eavesdropper , dogging tho heols of ovory foreigner who arrived in thin country , and departing from that hospitality which England had over bIiowii towards unfortunate exilen . The noblo lord also entered into the ease of tho missionaries recently oxpolled from Austria , and concluded by moving for papers relating to that expulsion .
Lord MiXMESBUBY replied at great and tedious length , Two passages iii his speech , however , are readable . The first describes what he called a parallel instance to the arrest of an Englishman by the Austrian police , for which satisfaction had been asked and obtained . "If your lordships think such a thing could not have taken place in any other , country than' Austria , I will tell you what happened to One of my own household , last year , in Scotland . The person to whom I allude may not be known directly or intimately to any of your lordships , but to some he may be known indirectly—I mean my French cook . YLauffhter . V In the free town of Glasgow this man ,
one of the most quiet , inoffensive creatures I ever knew m my life , was forcibly seized by two policemen , and found himself in the same position as the English workman , for he could speak no English ,- and the policemen and he of course could not understand one another . He was dragged through the streets of the town ; he experienced the desagremens of being taken to the station house , followed by a crowd of boys , who hissed and hooted him ; he was kept two hours in confinement , and , though at last released by the orders of a magistrate , one of the policemen said it served him right , because he Was such a queer-looking fellow . ( Laughter . ) Now , if he had been a sensitive he would have
man , and not a French philosopher , com-S lained to his ambassador ( hear , hear ) , a long corresponence would have ensued between the French Government and our own , a great deal of trouble would have been caused to bo th countries , and we don't know but that there the matter might not have ended . ( 'Hear , ' and laughter . ) To be sure , there might have been a little more civility shown towards ' this queer looking man , ' if he had been arrested abroad , but as to the reason of it , why , it might have happened to the noble lord or to myself any day ( laughter ) , and the occurrence took place in a country where freedom , is as much loved as possible . "
In a subsequent part of the debate , Lord Granville said he could see no analogy in the two cases , as tha Englishman was travelling with a passport from Sir Stratford Canning in his pocket , and the French cook neither had , nor needed any such protection , and was simply arrested as a suspicious character . The other passage in Lord Mahnesbury ' s reply relates to the policy of the present government respect ^ ing refugees . _ " My-lords , you know what our laws are on this subject ; they have been over and over again explained in . both Houses of Parliament , and so long as I have the happiness
to be one of Her Majesty ' s Government , and of managing the Foreign Office , I declare to you that from no country in Europe , or in any other part of the globe , shall I consent to receive a demand that would change those laws . ( Hear , hear . ) I would not answer such a demand by any argumentative writing , or by any diplomatic despatch ; because I do not think the province of diplomacy extends to anything further than negotiation and conciliation ; but I would tell those who made such a demand , in a firm , but conciliatory manner , that it could not be complied with , and I would answer them as the first barons answered , ' Nolmrm leges Anglioe mutari . ' ( Hear , hear . )" Lord Beaumont withdrew his motion . On Tuesday the Lords adjourned until the 19 th inst .
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MR . CAUPWELL AT LIVERPOOL . At noon , on Saturday , the Amphitheatre at Liverpool , a building which can accommodate four thousand persons , was densely crowded in every part with inhabitants of the borough , who came to hear from their representative , Mr . Cardwell , an exposition of his views on the present state of public affairs . Mr . Cardwell , accompanied by Mr . Joseph Ewart , the other Freetrade candidate , and several of his friends and supporters , was received on his appearance " on the boards " with deafening cheers , all tho company rising . Mr . G . H . Lawrence occupied the chair , / and briefly stated that tho cause of their assembly wus to debate the
question whether the representatives of Liverpool in parliament had steadily persevered in maintaining the Free-trade policy matured by Sir Robert Peel , and whether that policy was to be preserved and extended . Mr . Cardwell wns received , on coming forward to address the meeting , with loud cheers : ho said that ho wad sure that in rendering an account of his stewardship he should receive tho most considerate attention . It wua for tho electors of Liverpool to decide whether they would ratify by the result of tho coming election tho commercial policy , introduced under the auspices of a great Minister whoso loss wus universally deplored , by which the poorer classes were relieved from thoso burdons which pressed uikmti their subsistence .
" Gentlemen , " said Mr . Cardwell , " you havo boon told by the head of tho present Government that , in his opinion , articles of necessary consumption "for , tho pooplo tiro ( . ho proper subjects for taxation , and that ho did not understand why tho food of ( ho people—broad—should bo made an exception to that rule . ( Hour . ) Now , gontloinon , we , tho rep resentatives of tho pooplo m parliament , entertain a different opinion 5 and now tho appeal is made to you , and you arc told in tho plainest languago to ratify the conduct of your representatives , and tho attempt shall not bo madn ( hear , hour ); but return to parliament those who aro in favour of protection , and tho wishes and tho opinions of tho Government will bo carried into offoat , and tho yoko of protection will bo again laid on your nocka . " '( Cries of " Never / ' and " Hoar , hoar . " ) Tho groat argument of , tho Protectionists is , " Wo will oncourago natiyo
industry , and ^ protect it from the foreigner . " He would tell them who had encouraged native industry , and who had made the foreigner pay . In the year 1842 , less than 50 , 000 , 0002 . worth of manufactures were exported ; in the year 1851 the exports amounted to nearly 75 , Oo 6 , OCHM . ( A pplause . ) Who paid for thai ; 50 per cent , increase of British industry ? ' " ¦ . TJiose manufactures were not sent abroad for nothing '' . { cheers ) ; but" the foreigner paid the English artisan for his labour in an immense increase of those articles of consumption which had made s o many homes comfortable and happy , if they had reduced the price of bread , had they not left the labourer more mo ney m his pocket to expend in tea , although it was true that they had not yet directly applieS the Free * trade policy to
tea . The consumption of tea bad increased notwithstanding the high duty , but what mig ht be expected to be t he increase when the principle of Tree-trade was carried out with regard to ¦ that important article . The Free-trade policy ei blesses him who gives and him . who takeB . " ( Cheers . ) "It compels the American to send his cotton to Manchester , and greatly benefits Liverpool , through which it passes ; and , at the same time , it enriches them in other ways , and makes them feel to us a debt of gratitude , and fills their hearts with thoughts of peace , and makes them our honourable rivals in the warfare of commerce , instead of being ; our enemies in the conflict—I hope now almost forgotten—the conflict of war . ( Applause , ) " It had been said that the return relating to the amount of tonnage for
which Mr . Cardwell had moved in the House of Commons had been " cooked" ( laughter ) , because it did not corre spond with some other return . '' Now , gentlemen , I don't think this kind of imputation very refined in taste ( hear , hear ); but allow me to tell you tMsi knowing that Freei trade Ministers were accused of ' cooking returns , I took this very precaution—I moved for my return over again after the present Government came into power ( hear , hear ) , and the return from Which I quoted is signed by the present Secretary of the Treasury ( Applause ); and therefore I would recommend those who speak pf it being ' cooked , ' to go to their own friends , and ask , * "What kind of pickle has been put into the dish ? " ( laughter and cheers . ) In the year 184 , 9 the tonnage was 8 , 152 , 000 tons , and in the year 1851 it had increased to 8 , 535 , 000 tons .
Mr ., Cardwell then proceeded to defend himself from a charge of having deceived the committee who had managed his last election , on the subject of the navigation laws , and he proved very clearly that he had never given any ptedge to oppose their repeal . He then returned to the question of Free-trade , which was for the present the most impbr . tanfe point . Whatever objections might be made against lu " nv as a candidate for Liverpool , the real objection at the bottom was that he was resolved to preserve and extend Free-trade . " I must now allude to another great performer on these boards ( laughter)—a more important person than those to whom I have lately alluded . I shall speak of him with great respect , and shall not say a word calculated to touch his private feelings ; I allude to Dr . min witu
M'Neile . ( A storm of hisses and hootings , gled cheers . ) It was on the 20 th of January that Dr . M'Neile made a speech , in which he desired the electors of Liverpool to get rid of Sir Thomas Birch , and myself , and he ended his speech in these remarkable words : — ' In the name of sound religion—in the name of Christian honour —in the name of the Lord we love —( ' Oh , oh , ' and some confusion )—wash your hands by every constitutional art within your reach of this most infamous nuisance on tha face of our fair country—this endowment of the church of Rome . ' ( Oh , oh ! cheers and hisses . ) Would you have believed it , that a fortnight afterwards and a few days , having in the interval received a letter from Lord John Manners , giving him just as unsatisfactory an answer nossibio 1 couia
upon that subject as it was . give , «« ™ - sired the Constitutional Association of Liverpool to _ sign a requisition to Lord John Manners . I say now , is it their religion , or is ifc protection , that is the real reason ot thoso proceedings ? ( Cheers . ) As regards tho question at Maynooth , Lord John Manners was every bit as bad aa I was . As regards other matters , the sentiments of Lota John Manners are well known ; and they differ frora mw on many important matters connected with tho Church ot England . Well , now , on these points Dr . M * N * Ue differs from Lord John Manners ; and as I am the opposite ot Lord John Manners , I presume ho agrees with me . ( Laughter and ehbors . ) But Lord John Mannovs was an " exemplary Protectionist , " and therefor © Dr . "we allowed his protectionist principles to compensate lor nifj
Tractarianism . Was ifc thon Protection or Protestantism r " But I havo my Protostant opinions , which I shall never diminish , and I shall novor attompfc in any degree to 1 explain away . I havo formed my Protestant opinions wjtlon tho bosom of tho English Oliurch , and I married willun tho bosom of tho Scotch Church . I had tho hand ot tho friendship of Dr . Chalmers , that most eloquent ohampjon of tho Protestant faith , and I toll you that botoro -Uf-Chalmers would havo told a political club to sign a reqP " sition to a Tractarian candidate , ho would havo saw , uw my right lmnd forgot hor ounninff ; lot my tongue cloayo to tho roof of my mouth / ( Loud ohoors . ) Till then . ff " " tlomon . lot mo roturn to that which I hopo is tho suiyec *
of paramount intorost with you . ( Choors . ) Will you , or will you not , surrender tho b ' lossinm which Froo-trado n «» givori you P" ( Loud wion of " Wo , no , novor , novcr- ; Lot it bo observed that tho question now stopa thus * »»' Froo-trado policy is to l > o reversed , if it can . ( I < .,, w of " Novor . " ) » Fho Government only say they will B » j Protection it ( hoy can . But how woro thoy to eoi > ¦ By tho Voice of tho people P Ib it small oonstftuoncioS t « aro to carry it P Lord Porby says , "No ; show mo ^ jjj the groat constituencies will support mo , and •¦' ¦ * rovorso Froo-trado . " Woll , now , gontlomon , a gnj Minister wa « dining with his constituents , ana no thin oxprossion—he said , " Tho Exo will soonor flow d ™ from tho Hoa to tho walls of Tivorton than * nyb 0 » Jv { L bo able to reverse Froo-trado . " Woll , that lowlv-rnv Hows in its usual course , and still gops down to tno ? Now lot mo aek you what tho Severn does P lao pot
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336 THE LEADER . [ Sia ^ bay ,
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Leader (1850-1860), April 10, 1852, page 336, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1930/page/4/
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