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    . n ^ whenever you want probes , to ascertain the dc-!! pb of rottenness that is in ; the state . It cannot go wrtna- and we want to go beyond . We want ; tp ( accpmhS an act of creation ; to elicit Kfe ^ jcollective ; prdgrcs" ! . lifp—for the millions , ; thrbugh the millions , . Can we do that throug h ; anatomy *?; Th ^ ^ Id , negative , destroy ^• w ork-bfirtpiS ^ to ^^^^ B . w' ^ T ^™ - ' * ^ ¦ flo wisting ^ tii-fts ^ iiiiWMciBi ' s ^^ Ja' ^ . a ^ w , S 1 feW that We was" abattttMa' a fflafch ^' nd chose the way that T shall ¦ tiever desert ; Wfcas left k hind still weighing Hkdan incubafoti the heart of the S ' gigantic corp s * * ping lifi ^ Bat everybtfay In Italy knows that it is a < corpse . - "And tthere itilies ;' in his state robe , on his , stalecoffiucalled » throne ,: With a-deathscroll in his hand Bign # ? Ga eta 3 " jfrQin which no

    glittering of French . or Austriaajbaypnets can ; dazzle our quick Italian eye away . What flee ^ navc We ^ b ^ of the anatomist ' s knife ? Giye > UB -thejLjtghtof , God ; thes a ^ r of ( Sod- — freedom ; the corpse wlls ^ kto . flu ^ t and ^^ atoms . ^ Thank God we have in I # al $ r np ^ o ^ r ppr ^ ta l ^ . ' Apstcjcracy , royalty , have , neye £ Been possessed , 'in pur ; land ^ of munici palities , with i ^^ active : life ; They Kaye ; been cloud-like phantoms / broulhjf across' thfe ; ' history of the Italian element by fpre ^ nass away , as soon as We shall beSe ^ abled' to eixj 6 f' our own pure , radiant sk&s , and ' fertethe ^ unmixed Ihe air tti& flows from our'owu ^ cities * ^ thing of pure Italian growth . It has sprang ^ 'as : fft reandfrom influencelexerc&ed at

    action against Papacy , ; ^ times when our . own genuine spontaneous ; life wa&li * sti , ! by foreign schools pf ^ philosophyf f But it ^ prpu ^ veharae teristic of the JMian mindrr-and : W ^ earnestly anddeeply ^ sifited ^ will pTpyai Ifcrosk-the truth of what I am sayHigTthat-it natu ^ lyj » n ii ; co ntinuously aims at the harmonising of ? wWt we call synthesis . and analysis—theory andpractice ^ and ought to call heaven and earth . It is a highlx ^ religious te » d . eneyr ? ttt lofty-in * stinctive aspiration towards ; jthe idealj , pnly < cpBple * di with a strong , irresistible » feeling thatfwej b u ^ iti ^ o . > reaUae . fas much as we can of , that idealin © ur ^ terrestrial ^ ceniathat every thought flught to be , ; asrfar as possible ^ em > bodied into action . Fromour Etruscantowns ; built ' and

    ruled according to a certain heavenly , sehsnie , dawn to the 16 thjjentury—fromthe deep religiousidea with which ; the soldier of ancient Rorae . was jdentifjEfnghisd ^ iestoWalr ^ ls the City down to the religiousi ^ ymbo ^ . the XjlanoseioVJed in front of our national . troopsm the middle . age&Trrfram the Italian schppl of philpspphy , founded . ; , in jtheaouth- « f of the Peninsula by Pythagprasi . ft rejigtwifrfln / l ftpoliffcal society at once ^ down ;¦ . $ <* - . pur ' great jhjlosppby of the 17 th century ^ it * , each of whpni ypu wilt Jind a scientific system , and a , political ; XJtopiairreyery manifestation . t « f the free , original , ; Ualia » , gewu 3 iiha * , bgettf )

    tlieitwasformaition of the social . earthly . medium , under thejconjunction of a religious bdief . Ou *^ planned ia Pontida ^ , Jinan old nioH . ^ teryytbe / Sacred iruins of which are still extant . . . Our , republican pto'liaWentSiin the old Tuscan cities weire , often . held inthe temples of God . We are the children and inheritprS ; oftbeir glorious tradition . We feel * that : the final , portion of the great rer ligious problem , examination pf-the , spul , liberty Pf ^ conacience , acknowledged throughout and ; for all mankind , : is placed providentially in pur hands ; . that the worbishall never be free from organized-jntposture before , a flag ; of

    religious liberty waves high from the top of the Vatican ; that in such a mission to be fulfilled lies thevgenius of our initiative , the claim we have on the heart and sympathies of mankind ., > , A&d oWduMPuWi ywithw ; ow . beautifnl faith in the icy streams of , athejsi&tl // W « giwhbae life has been twice—never ; forget it-rthe m unity of , Eu * rope , would now ,, now that we ,, ; are , bent > on a mcice completely national evolution , trample down that privilege under some fragmentary negative creed ,, assuming the parent thought , and levying indiViduatitytp flow in tl ^ vacuum pf nothingness . We are not anarchists ; destroyers of nil

    authority , followers bf Prbudhbn , the Jfophistpp lje ^ of democracy . ' The whole prpbie ' m of ' tho vvbrld , 1 s to us one of authority . We do ' MfeVt jn ' id | itliq r ^ y V ; , we thirst for authority . ' Only , we feel'bpuritl to asfc- ^ -Where >» . it P With the Pope P ^ -with the Eyhp ^^ brf—With ' the ferocious or idiotic princes / now keeping oiir Iti ^ ly ^ Wnaen ^ T bcred into foreign vice-royalties ? Do they g ^ ldej * ' ! lJ 6 they educate ? Do they believe' in 'thethselyesP ' Wey repress ; they organize ignorance ; the ^ tram pI 6 . a ^ d ' p / craecuto . They have neither initiating power , '' w > r faifhj nor capacity of martyrdom , nor know | bd ^ o , ' npr lpyc . " hey have Jesuits and spies , prisons / and , acafloldsl j ts that guidance authority P Con vt 6 ^ without desecrating p ' uji : immortal aould . without betrhvina ; the calluur pf every man .

    seek trnth and , act nccprdingly , bond bur kne / j before % cni , abdicate into tlicir hahda nil o ^ r ^ talian fecjingB , ^ and rovero thorn as teuch ' crs , merely because ' they are purrounded by bayonets and gpndtt ^ mcsP Wo want authority , not a phantom of authority ; religion ^ not idoHijry } ilio hcrp , not the tyrant . Our problem is ah bdiicationat ono ^ Despotism and anarchy nrc equal foes to edition , W ^ 8 purn them both . " The first cancels | ibortV ; ' thp ' adcond society ; and wo want to educate free « K < inta to ) t a ' social task . Wo are not terrorists . That hgiun Wo leHvcjtb the weak . Terrorism ia weakness . It haa always boon my deep conviction that the French I&gne de la terreur was nothing but cowardly terror in those who organized the * y « tom . They crushed because they feared to be crushed ; aud they crushed all thosr by whom thty feared to bo

    crushed . Thej ' lost the revolution : find that ^ prolonged red trace which they left behind their graves , is ; still the most ppiverfulenei ^ y ; that Rfeinch' reyolutfon ' has to > efccounter . ^ diin the hiart of % ei imljipns ; fWfe have nothing to ' " 4 o ' wtiit itf . ' - ' / I ^^ - 't ^ H ^ if- ^ tc **?? ' * O' *^ - ' 'ifeotsa ^^ is ^ Uergy ,. e ^ gy of bpld ^ -co ^ humig ^ de ^ tHe ' froiitjfir pfc ^^ s ^ sh ^ l ^ in ^ oiicate ^ ^ ltltthe j ^ arseilt ^ e ¦ and / wlth worship for the . sapred ' % m ^ ^ 'fndi ^ i ^ b ^]|^ i ^^ : SayipursJi n I 7 i 93 of ^ itus repribtiCi ; ' ^ the ^^ ppppiamatipn , inwhich . the Sicilian patriots pf 1 ^ 8 were saying to ^ e ^ erjiment , « "Wo ci . nil n «> anA mnmiftr on such a dav if vou do not

    fjiMi ypvir womwe ^ ^ ol ^ Stibsequitt rising ; thti tbm-DMdbarnra ^ ^' cp ^ iwn s ^ e ^ j Aa i ^ ed ^' i ^ if tiieir po ^ ession ^ 00 ; fowlmj ^ ieces ^ - P ^ r " own ^ removing a 1 I ; sentpes from ourdopra in Rome , whflst all our ^ opPa |" b ^ 9 ent ^ uttp fe ^^ nd jendba ^ t ^ King of Ifepjes ^ i ^^ t ! S , apd the ^ enchi inyiaders were under the Wa ) ls ^ apilthreatening adyicies ,. wep& cpining of an intended ptteniptIrpntd Popishp ^ y againBt puf Derspns . Against wiom should we apply ^ errorisin in Italy ? , There were m France , darinac the irreat revolutionj suflicient causes-r-not

    ' fist ^ ifuw fyings , ^ * J ° > expla ^ iingi / tte . cpurse adopted : a powfirfuL ajistocra ^ an'Wmy » t i ^ plergyj j ^ JJthe . jYen ^ ep ,, a , cpurt plotting with the foreign -ei ^ y , | jn aPw 9 » r ^ M the proyiucesya .: 5 utr where . 'is ^ 4 n Italy , tte , internal enemy ? | D ) ije ? npt » the fcatfpf , < m ^^ I ^ bardmariyrs ' naniesbelpng ^ - sjspe 1 $ 21 » siflceeojif ^ onieyi ' s ^ ufferAng at the Sp ielberg- ^ - $ Q ; whaitym * 9 ll <»» r . ? riatoc 4 tffiyPir . Dida ; 3 ingle , i ! ian stand upiireadyito eneounter niartyi : dojn , [ fpr the pppeirwb . en we , iSrftifcr inHl ^ Sl *; theafc in . 1840 ,- decreed -the $ bblition ,. of his temporalnpowerS Is there ; a single fore ^ nlhoiiest trir y < eHer in : ftaly ^ -you : flee thaivldainqt f 8 peak ; of-Messrs . Ckich ^ de and Macfarbine ^ who- pan tara ' ce . there theexist-« bcC of w-powerful element hostae toVQur national ^ party ?

    Iy there a iniMi of good impartial senBe who doubts that , had not French « nd Austrian troop * tmterfiredi the Pope , fag from ? Keing reinsteted ifcRonte , > 'wPuld | fe by this time ia / Avigo «»;«? -Mfta * idj [ soir perhaps ittltabl ^ troops had lafided , ^ Aii 9 tri « n 8 and NeapoHtans' were ; m *« hibgiand : we ^^ mpeiie ' dfai'Wffw ^ re tp cpii ' cefitftrte all ^ dtir ifbrecs ^ in-iRonie , ' -had - tpi a single soIdielr- ^ Aricona exbepitea' ^ threUghdta' the ^ prbvin ^ jiWhen i wesenf « ciireular W all ^ taftnicipalftJes ( tb ^ tt epttneild ) ' tie ttie Htffiftfe * te ' rrtttefy / asianfef ^ heMiw 4 ee ^^; f (^ ma 1 ^ 'lm * sofemnly-whe-^ r . ^^ iatei ^ fpr Uiil re-eirthronenient Pf t « e > Pbp&br tni maiht ^ nandfe of'b ^^ w ^ rfepttWica ^ grb ^ ndea nd'hbp& bn 8 ti < 5 h ^ ' nianifestitibn : I knew that 1 the

    tftf'Eurbpean ^ Verilment ^^ would side b ^ weaki "I Wanted'a histpricai fecord'that I ct > uld exhibit , ' in ifttic timei , ^ ' air'ais ' p ^ sTdfiat ^ srieicert of % ruthu a ^ 'aH ' index bf Italian public" bpinib ' n ; and it came puti From' all Jcca-KtieiM ^ itli the ' fc ^ ptibn tit ^ twtiiVvaded already by French frb ^ ps—tHe akiswer was unaiiirtions : ' Republic and no P 6 pe . -TB 6 ' dbcunients ^ all signed , were jJUblisheJ ' during HW si'etfe , and the h ' uge Vblunje ' cbilld ii ' pw be Fputfd , n ^ g iccted ' and' d . ust ^ lambngst p thfer' Itali&n , documents in You ^ FPrqigto-pjfnce . Is there ^ ny ; nee ^ Pf , Terrbrism With"kuch a people ? At IVTilan , during the five days ' nghting - Bolza was arrested ' by ; the people , ^ olzrt had been ; for niany y ^ ar ? , ' director of . the , police — feeling the hatred of ' the people , f ind hating . Scarcely ; a single 4 Uv »»^ i i -wiiu % nM * A Wnv » Kprl ¦ ttirtRR trlhrirti ^ davs without

    * hayjlig > titt ' eVed though him , ^ ithbiit haVing' Msje'd the ccld satahw siriite' of th « Wain' whos ^ stip ' rehie delight was tliat of acdompanyii ^^^ ; ine . Pbiice ; Agents 'oi-aerldd Jtb ar ^ st ; his mitm : m ^^^^^ i ^^^ i ^ -lp ^ - ' ^ barricades arid breathing reverige ^ -what was to be done with hiW . One of the improvised military cotnmissipn , Charles Cattahcb , answered : " If you' kill him , it will be iricrb justic ^ 'if ypiispWre hitn ; it Will be Virtue . " Bolaja Whs ' spliredV ^ hef ' iei living now : ' Is there any chance Of t ' errerism witt sufch a - pcpple ? , And it has been sb every-JXiAi . ^ Ufm '¦• « aftiola ' ^ nri ^ in'iiiition' io death has been feel

    pr ^ nb ^ nced by th ^ e rcp | iblican gbvernin ' eiit in Rome ; not H sin'ite one Uiijiler the r ^ ub ^ Hcan fla ^ of Venice . I an immehse - pitv for 'toe' wH p ao ^ repepit against us , from time ' tp ' tijxic , % ' foiit accusatioh ,: they , can never f eel whai t felt in wJVne ^ ing . thp , glo ^ bus japd-like rising of ; a . pcppie tranip lcd . uppn for centuries , still generous and clement ' towards its internal , foes aa brave against the foreign , iiivadcrs , liastly , we aire not communists , nor leyeUcTsl npr ^ qsi ^ o , ] tp property , nor socialists , in the sense jl ^ wjuch thp word . hps . been used by aystcm maker 8 aiid soctanons in , a nc ^ hbpurinjK ; cpubtry ., ;; Thcre is a grapd ' spcVal thought , pe , r , yac | iug $ ) urcjpe , influencing the tilling minds pf aU cpunirics—IWg ^ K liJ { 0 wn « " »^ oia » able Damocles ' isword ^ , oycr ^ 1 nipuoppjtfsing , selfish , pn' mi L ^» ' _ * _* _ . ' *__ i 1 _ _ . » , ! nHn .. ! ilnnflnl 1 tr hpflnf nllKV / /

    ' VUCgeu classes or lHUjrfJo ^ jnmAijy'yvJuv'n- ' ^ v " ^~» v »« "o through nil pppulaf ,, ma ^ ifcBtatione , fhrough nil the frequent cw ' fliQts arjsing between usurped authority and fr ' ccdom . -8 ecking nations . Rcyblu | ipiwB , tp-bo legitimate , mm < nwk ajBtcp in the aucending career of humanity ; they , must , embody . into practice ] rpflults ppnio new discpvwcj wprd 9 t the , law of God , the Father and Teacher of , aU { , te mi ^ st > tend tp , the good of all—nojb pf the few . Th , cre ,, » rp flp different , fatally distinct natures , races or castes , en this wprld of pur ? - —no sons of Cawi nn « l ot Abel j mankind is one , one is the law for all—Progression ; and ' the mode of realizing it a more and more close association between collective thought and action . Association , to be progressively , step by otep , ftubstitutod for

    isolated efforts and pursuits , is the watchword of the epoch , liberty and equality are the first , the groundwork , the basis for association ^ the second , its safeguard . To eyery '' step , towards association must j therefore , correspond ainew development of liberty and of equality . Man is pne : we catinpt allow one of his families to be suppressed , checked ; cramped , or deviated , without all the others suffering— soul and , body , thought ; and action , theory and practice , the heavenly and the terrestrial elements are to be combined ; harmonized in him . We cannot justly say to a man , " Starve and love ; " we cannot reasonably expect him to improye his intellect while , from day to night , he has fo toil in physical machine-like exertion for scanty

    and uncertain , bread . We cannot tell him te be pure and free , whilst everything around him speaks bondage , and prompts . him to selfish feelings , pf hatred and . reaction . Life is sacred in both its aspects , moral and material . Every man must be a temple ef the living God . What past revolutions have done for the bourgeoisie , for the middle class , for the men of capital , the forthcoming revolution must do for the prolelaire , for the popular classes , for the men pf labpur . Work for all ; fairly apportioned reward to all ; idleness or starvation for none ,. This , I say , is the suinmed-up social creed of all those who , in the present age , love and know . To this creed we belong ; and no national party would be worth the name Bhould it

    dare to summon up the energies pf the whele nation to a cpntest pf life and death for the mere purpose of organizing the renegade bourgeoisie of 1830 , or the bourgeoisie Assembly of 1849 . But beyond that we cannot go , we shall never go ; The wild , absurd , immoral dream of communism—the abolition of property , that is , of individuality asserting itself in the material universe—the abolition of liberty by systems of social organization suddenly , forcibly , and universally applied—the suppression of capital , or cutting-down the tree for the momentary enjoyment of the fruit—the establishment of equal rewards , that is , the oblivion of the moral worth of the wprker—the exclusive worship pf material interests , the materialist notion that

    ' life is the seeking of physical welfare , " the problem of the kitchen of humanity substituted for the problem of humanity i - ^ the FourieriSt theory of the legitimacy of all pa ^ iPns ^ tfte crude Frpudhpnian negatiens pf aU gpvernment ,- traditioti , ' authority—all thbse reactionary , shortsighted , j impoteflt' conceptions which have cancelled in ¦ Fjranee-all ' pond of moral unity , alV power of self-sacrifice , and- 'haye ; s thrpugh mtellectoal anarchy and selfish terror , led to- the-cowardly a ' cceptanCe of the most degrading 'despotism ' that ever Wasr—are not and shall never be onrs We waht not to suppress , but to improve ; not to transplant : the activity or the comfort 8 of ' one class to another , bat to ' open ' the wide roads ef activity and comfort to all ;

    not to enthrone on ruins our own individual idea or cvabdheii but * to afford fall scope to all ideas , and ask the nation , underthe guidance of the best and of the wisest , to think , feel ^ and legislate for herself ; And all this we have long ago summed up in that most concise and most comprehensive formula , " God and the people , " which from individual writings of twenty years ago has made its way by its own internal vitality , through the ranks of Italian patriots * , until it shonfe , from pepular will , pn the unsullied flag of Rome and Venice . Depend upon me it will shine there againj—shine on the Alps , shine on the sea , blessing the whole of Italy , equally unsullied , a * l teaching the natiens a fragment pf God ' severlasting truth .

    II . ; I have told you what we are : the creed of the Italian national party . It is for the sake pf promoting , of realizing as much as possible this creed pf ours that we want to be a nation . We want to be . These things that I Bay now to you would be death in Ituly . A fragment of this paper seized in the hands of one of my countrymen in Jjombardy , in Rome , in Florence , in Naples , wpuld lead him to imprisonment for life , if not to death . Such ib our liberty of expressing thought . A meeting like this would bo treated aa insurrection ; dissolved by musketry and bayonets—execution . A bit of tricolourcd ^ riband forgotten in the corner of a drawer—and let it be a

    woman ' s drawer—brings the pwner to prison , often to a more degrading punishment . A rusty dogger , the lock of a musket found in a house , is death or imprisonment for life throughout all the Lombardo-Venetian territory . An Italian threatening , written in night darkness , by an unknown hand , on the wall of a house , is imprisonment or heavy fine to the inhabitants of the house . An Italian Bible read by three persons in a private room is , in Tnsenny , in the country of Savonarola , imprisonment and exile . The secret denunciation of a spy—perhaps your nerapnol enemy— imprisonment and rigorous

    surveillance ( precetto ) . Bengal tricoloured illuminations have led to bngnio for twenty years Dreosti and his young companions in Rome . Some statistical notes found on a ypung man , Mnztoni , at the threshold of # your consular agent , Freeborn , have boon deemed sufficient , n few wcoka ago , to doom him to a dungeon . Men like Nardoni and Virginio Cclpi , mnrked as thieves , condemned for forgery , rule , under French protection and Popish blessing , over property , life , and liberty . Prisons are full ; thousands of exiles arc wandering in loneliness and starvation , from Monte Video to Constantinople , from London to New York , from Tunis or Malta to Mexico . Go wherever you will , that living protest of the Italian national party , the Italian esilo . will meet your eyt . U ha « paatoi . befor *

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• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 14, 1852, page 147, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1922/page/7/