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    inconsistency is easily explained by the notorious fact , that every act of the Court of Vienna , since the C ongress in 1815 , has uniformly been , to use a vulgar expression , to toady Russia , and be at all times the ready instrument of the Czar—to crush liberal institutions , and arrest the march of mind , whether in Germany , Italy , or its own States . The Hungarian , as we have shown , after years of peaceful agitation , took advantage of the troublesome period of 1848 , to

    extort from their king and aristocracy those changes in the representative system of Government , so ardently desired by the majority of the people , and in accordance with the spirit of the age . Despotic Russia , with its million of serfs , could not permit so liberal a system , of Government in a country lying on her frontier . Consequently , the Hungarians were proscribed and denounced as a people possessing opinions dangerous to the stability of social order . these assertionfrom hearsay

    " We do not make s , they are extracts from a mass of Hungarian state papers lying before us , together with a number of intercepted letters found among the baggage of the Ban of Croatia , and the other Slavonian and Imperial leaders and agents of Austria and Russia—all furnishing undoubted proof , that from the commencement of the struggle , Russian intervention was expected to take place , in the event of the Imperialists of Austria not being sufficiently strong to put down the Hungarian Liberals . As a proof that we have not distorted or exaggerated facts , we have annexed several highly important original documents , which will completely corroborate every statement we have made respecting the distressing scenes that took place in Hungary , and the perfidy of the Austrian authorities .

    " The originals , signed by the members of the Senate and the Hungarian Government , are in the hands of our publishers . " This is a serious view of the question , and amounts to this : if the Governments of Austria and Russia are allowed to arrest the march of civilization , there can be no hope nor prospect of seeing an end to those eternal revolutionary struggles of the inhabitants of Continental Europe , to secure to themselves liberal institutions . In fact , the intimate alliance of

    these two powers , in their crusade against every popular form of Government , and the dexterity they display in endeavouring to bring into contempt the representative system , has not sufficiently excited the attention of the inhabitants of our free countries of the West . It is true Austria ranks in Europe as a German power , having a German town for her capital and a German administration , but her real strength lies in the allegiance of her Slavonian subjects—who constitute the majority , and with whom she possesses no ties of kindred , no endearing remembrances of tradition and fatherland , and . whom the Czar of Russia , in his his character of Slavonian Prince , could at any time absolve from the ties that bind them to a German ruler .

    " The insidious attempt of Austria at this moment under the pica of maintaining social order to obtain the mastery in Germany , with her Slavonian tail , is part and parcel of the same Muscovite policy that struck down the thousand year monarchy of the Magyars . When Germany bocomes Slavonian , republican France must be dismembered ! and the British people he taught that public opinion only belongs to a Sovereign ! Winding up the drama by a Holemn declaration to the world , that at length it had pleased Heaven , that the light of a purer faith should dawn over certain countries in Asia and Europe ? , once subject to the infidel rule of a Mahometan Sovereign Thus we may see accomplished through our own supineru'ss the prediction of the exile of St . Helena , who said , that fifty years more would nee the whole of Europe either Cossack or Republican I "

    What slumbering discontent lies underneath the " tranquillity " of Europe at thin moment , let Mr . Spencer indicate : — " If n brave , united people like the Hungarians , have been able to contend with the most powerful and best-appointed armies that Europe had seen since the days of Napoleon , in defence of their constitutional privilege , now that they have succeeded in Ruining to their eauwe their former enemies the Slavonians , the next struggle may be attended with ttcrioufl reHultH ; and how numberless are their wrongs—an outraged people—a dismembered country- —a ttecoml

    Poland—( heir chiefs maHnaored , or wandering in penury and exile in the land of the stranger . Ah might be expected , now that a . reaction ban taken place in the popular feeling , in every town , village , or hamlet , throughout the land , whether inhabited by Jlunguriuii , Slavonian , or Wallachian , a cry of vengeance and the name of Louis KohhuUi tremblen on every lip- their guardian angel , who i » to deliver them from the thraldom of Austrian bureaucracy , martial law , multiplied tnxvn , and all the liaraswing chicanery of a host of needy German placemen , lording it over them in thehar » h tones of a language with which they are unacquainted .

    " Even the JJan , Jcllachich , otherwise a most estimable man in private life , ho recently the hero ol the ; CroatiaiiH , it \ now denounced by liin own countrymen !»» <* traitor ; andltajachieb , the martial patriarch

    of the Voiavodina of the Servians , as a Russian satrap ; while the name of Gorgey , who sold his country , has already become a by-word and a reproach among all classes of the population . " The inhabitants of Western Europe , with all their cares and worldly occupations , can form no idea of the excitement of this people , who , infuriated by recent disasters , have directed their every thought and energy to the means of again wresting their country from the grasp of the German stranger . The fair sex even outvie the men in their enthusiasm , ajid truly we cannot but admire the patience of the poor Austrian soldier who has to endure scoff and taunt from lips as beautiful as ever smiled on man .

    " In all the large towns we behold multitudes of these lovely Amazons , in the deepest mourning , fulfilling their oath never to cast it off until Hungary is again independent ; others wearing the national colours in the various articles of their dress , to manifest at the same time their patriotism and contempt for the rule of the German , and all are decorated with bracelets and necklaces made from the coins issued during the government of Louis Kossuth . Again , not one of these patriots , whether male or female , will now utter a word of German , although we found that

    language universally spoken , during our visit to Hungary in 1847 , not only by the higher classes , but by nearly every merchaut and shopkeeper , and in all the inns throughout the country . This war against the German language , and everything German , is carried on with equal violence in Pest , the capital of the Hungarians , as in Agram , the capital of the Croations , and indeed in all the towns through which we passed in 1850 , and the same degree of excitement and discontent exists , notwithstanding that the entire country is under martial law , and a 150 , 000 Russians lying on the frontier ready to assist the executive in case of need .

    " This is precisely what might be expected on the reaction which followed the war in Hungary , the fate of every Government that resorts to expedients to preserve it from falling . The Croatians and Servians , who had fought so long and bravely by the side of the Imperialists , found instead of becoming the lords of the land , which they had been led to expect as the reward of their loyalty , that they had exchanged the mild rule of the Magyar for the harsh despotism and intolerance of the Austrians , with their vexatious bureaucracy—army of spies—passports , and multiplied taxes . The discontent thus excited , was' adroitly taken advantage of by the Hungarian party , which led to a sanguinary collision between the executive and the Croatians at Agrarn , and the Servians and the Wallachians in some

    districts of the Voiavodina , and the Bukowina , and Transylvania . The ill-feeling this created , aided the Hungarian cause by adding to the number of their allies , and at the same time increased the difficulty almost to hopelessness of any real conciliation between the inhabitants of these provinces and a German ruler . "At any other epoch but the extraordinary one in which we now live , or under the rule of any other but that of the bigoted , priest-ridden Princes of the house of Hapsburg , in every age the enemies of civil and religious liberty , time might have the effect of softening the bitter feeling that now exists

    among the inhabitants of this distracted country . Even the liery Magyar might forget in amalgamating with the German , that he had been the denizen of free , independent Hungary , but when we know that the first war , or revolutionary outburst in Prance , Germany , Italy , or Poland , will be sufficient to convulse Europe , it cannot be doubted for a moment that a people like the Hungarians , full of the robust strength of youth , and already drunk with military glory , will be the first to grasp the spear . In fact the spirit of nationality and a determination to assert their independence , never rose higher than at this moment , and now that they have Hucceeded in cementing a union with their compatriots , the Slavonians , like the Normans and the Saxon of olden time in

    England , which two races , they each respectively resemble in character , combining the fiery bravery of the one , with the cool intrepidity of the other , it is not too much to Hay that they are destined to take a prominent part in the great events which are faat preparing in those provinces of Austria and European Turkey . The movement of the inhabitants to Hoeure to themselves a political existence , has been going on with redoubled energy since the intervention of Russia in the affairs of Hungary , and the military occupation of Moldavia and Wallachia ; aided and abetted an it i » by every man of intellect and enlerpriHC among these various raccH , and who we may be assured only await a favourable moment to form a confederation of interests and declare

    themselves independent "During my homeward route from Agram , in Croatia , through part of Carinthia , Styria , Upper Austria , and Salzburg , I wan accompanied , an my travelling companion , by a divine of the Roman Catholic . Church , M . Goetz , prior of the Stift Schotten , in Vienna , h very worthy man , uh liberal in hia religious HentimcntM hh he wan intellectual and devoted to Ilia hacred calling . TIuh circumstance afforded me an opportunity of judging of the wtato of

    religious feeling among the inhabitants of the ™ 7 " vrnces , formerly so remarkable for their aS ° " to the House of Austria , and to the old creed ^^ '' The change was most remarkable ; fifteen v * , had only passed away since I travelled over tiT provinces , and in my work on Germany alludedS the debasing superstitions of their inhabitants * nS the immorality I witnessed among the thousands nf devotees assembled to pray at the shrine of tW « famed Maria Zell , in Styria . At that period t ?" Roman Catholic clergy of Austria revelled in all th pomp and pride of sacerdotal majesty ; wherever thev appeared they were almost worshipped by thes simple mountaineers . Innumerable crucifixes lined the sides of the highway ; blessed Madonnas and relics of saints exercised their miraculous powers in nearly all the churches ; stations with their riohlv decorated

    temples were seen rising on certain liolv mountains , which some sainted hermit , legend or miracle , had consecrated , and to which thousands and tens of thousands of pious pilgrims were accustomed to repair at stated periods , bare-footed , bareheaded , and some even crawling on their knees to offer up their devotions . " The altars , the shrines , and the crucifixes , remain . Madonnas and relics perform their miracles in obedience to Imperial authority ! but the spirit that attracted the votarie ^ of former days is now exchanged for indifference Qura contempt ; a fact which we heard repeated at all the monasteries and ecclesiastical institutions we visited , the holy fathers deeply deploring the spread of heresy , democracy , and socialism among the people . It is true the

    inhabitants of isolated mountain villages still adhere to the superstitions of their fathers ; but wherever we found the people mingling with the more intelligent population of the towns , they had caught the infection ; and the propagandists must have been numerous , and indefatigable in their exertions , to have caused such an extraordinary revolution in the minds of the once benighted inhabitants of these mountain provinces of Austria , more especially when we remember the short time that has elapsed since my last visit . "

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    BABYLON AND JERUSALEM . Babylon and Jerusalem : a Letter addressed to the Countett Ida Hahn-Hahn . From the German , with a Preface by the Translator . J . W . Parker . Babylon 1 Jerusalem ! The world with its turmoils—heaven with its everlasting Peace ! Is it not the old antithesis—old as the hills , coeval and coextensive with human Pain ? A voice issuing from the sorrowing depths of some poor , baffled , worn , and Avounded heart wishing for the " wings

    of the dove to flee away and be at rest ; " the heart whose ever-sobbing psalm is " Jerusalem ! Jerusalem ! Kepose for all this anguish , quiet for all this turmoil ; calmness deep , majestic , calmness settling down upon this passion and this fevered restlessness !" When such a cry reaches us , it rouses an echo in our breasts that silences for a while all arguments and cavils . If a man advance logic-deep in Evidences , and insist upon our seeing Divine Truth in view

    his sectional and circumscribed view of it—a which , standing apart , we perceive to be , not the real view of the thing itself , but simply the angle it subtends to him , nor more , nor leas ; if he advance thus , armed with Reason , we can also put on the cold , bright armour and battle for victory , vvc have done so in these columns over and over again . Over and over again have we declared our radic-u with

    and irreconcilable differences , not only V *" tbolicism , but with every other " Ism that na gained its Established Church . The Innnto is compassed in no Finite Church . To w , and <> others , it subtends an angle by which we b «« , larger of smaller according to the eye that rece ^ it ; but to no man , to no nation is it , or can known . God is Inscrutable because he is Infirm -, having declared him Inscrutable We reveren y forbear from scrutinizing , and forbear asc ribing

    him intentions . u ft But it i 8 one thing to say , « Lo ! 1 . ^ aI 1 ( 1 truth 1 " ( burning the incredulous for the gw j ^ furtherance thereof ;) another thing to Kay , weary , I wan sad ; I had pasrionatolv H « ug ht ^ . 1 piness , but it eluded me mocking ly ; ™ N () VV over the world I knocked at many doois at one when lights within and J "" " ^ ^ im » merit beckoned to mo to enter : 1 foun < »» - ^^ and the fumes of an orgie , but « o mirth . < at the qui <* cottage door who « e peace ul lo < , gested-Wr , here «* Lave ! and er enng 1 poor creature * , watching and weep ng hi ftcr Htifled agony by the bed of one d y , «< J cl turning away baffled from all these door * , by chance I Temple , where , tlie b . cgh Hoothed m « , the vast aw en and ofty Oo ^ ual fully affected my i magination , the eieej

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    1164 SEft * ILtaUtt * ¦ [ Saturday ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 6, 1851, page 1164, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1912/page/16/