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Leader (1850-1860), 29th November 1851, Edition Town of 1, Page 1130

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      Untitled Article

      that time regular in his habit of attending church ; and he said ' The experiment has answered so well that I will continue it to the end of my days . So far from suffering by the experiment in a financial point of view , I am a better man by several pounds this year ; in the first place , my horses , by having one day ' s complete rest in seven , are better able to do their work during the week , and are not so subject to accidents ; but the principal point is that I receive more money than I used to do , and I trace it to this—it is not that the receipts are actually lartrer , but that the men having a better moral example B « t them , and having a day of repose which they devote to honest , soberj and religious purp oses , and being by that improved in moral condition , they do that which tney evei

      never have done before , faithfully bring to me y farthing which they earn . ' ( 'Hear , hear , ' and applause . ) I state this to show what results may arise from endeavours to ameliorate the social condition ol the people . If I may venture to say so , I would say to this association , ' Go and do thou likewise . ' ( Hear , hear . ) The next division is the amusements of the people . 1 think the report stated that the act for the regulation of public amusements in London had not been productive of so much benefit as was expected , " and that persons consequently asked , Why seek a legislative measure when you find chat , notwithstanding it , there are still housf s of great disorder and dissipation in London ? until latelindeedthoh

      The truth is this , that very y , ug the act had been previously in execution , licences had been "ranted right and left , without any discrimination whatever being exercised . Licences have been granted without the slightest regard to the person who made the application , or " to the circumstances under which he requested the licence . But bear tins in mind , that in all cases of this description you must louk , not to the positive and actual results only which can be stated on paper , but you must take a wider view , and regard the thing negatively . You must not only consider what actual good has been done , but take into consideration the evil which has been prevented , and let your calculations include , not only what the state of things is , but what it would have been if a spirit of opposition to the

      spirit of evil had not , by God ' s blessing , arisen . ( Hear . ) Depend upon it , if that act had not existed in London , and had not been put in operation there , the state ol things would have been such that the whole of the metropolitan police stations would have been more a nursery of children than they are . To show what the evil is that arises from this state of things , 1 can only state the results of my own minute and personal inquiries from hundreds and hundreds of ragged school children in London , who are open and candid , and will tell you any one single thing you want to know . I am sure 1 am speaking within due limits when 1 say that seven-tenths of these children have been first tempted to crime by stealing halfpence from their mothers and friends for the

      purpose of going to penny theatres . You may trace to them a very large portion of the crime that desolates society . There is no argument why you may not very fairly ask that there should be a limitation of the hours during which these places of amusement are to be open . You have a rigtit to demand that they should be closed at a very early period of the evening . A great portion of the extreme of the mischief—I do not mean that general corruption and unsettlement of men ' s minds , which is bad enough by itself—but the gr at muss of the actual and positive mischief arises in the late hours of these pi ices of amusement . If you could obtain an enactment that every place of amusement of this description should

      be closed at nine o ' clock , you would go very far indeed to bring the whole thing under manageable control . You have a perfect ri ^ ht to demand that . Juist look at the Hurts now being made to establish in all the great towns of England a movement towards what is called the early closing system . In many cstabliahments in Manchester this has been carried into effect . You have the limitation of the hours of labour ; you have the Ten Hours ' jJill , which closes these important placet ! of industry at six o'clock every evening ; and if from tsix o ' clock , when the mills are closed , to nine o'clock , these places of amusement are allowed to be open—thun giving them , three hours—it is quite as much aa any reasonable person can a « k for . ( Hear . )" Lord Shiiftcsbury subsequently addressed a meeting at AtthUm-under- Lyne .

      Untitled Article

      ROBERT WALKKR AT LIVERPOOL . Mr . Robert Walker , when Secretary for the Treasury of the . Federal Government of the United Slates , nn < l also at other periods , used his best endeavours to facilitate jhe commercial intercourse between A merica and linglaiid . To mark theirutrong appreciation of tluH course , tlie American Chamber ol Commerce at . Liverpool gave a grand banquet in lior . our of Mr . Walker , on Monday nighi . Mr . "William JJrown , M . I * ., wus named for the chair , but u ( serious indisposition prevented his attendance , and Mr . VV . Hal . hbone , jun ., ably performed the duties of the ; evening . This l > , uuiuet belong to the class of intern . itional banquets which have distinguished

      ibVil , and which , we trust , will be equaenllly promin in future years . Alter the royal toasts had been drui . k the Chairman gave " The Tresident ol Ilu- United SluteM , " which Mr . ( Jorbin , un American ne . ia . oi responded to , proposing m Mini , -The Land of my Forefathers . " Tim ele . fO' « " >»«> " » « deH _ of the Atlantic ! worr duly tousled ; mid the < : huirinnii , cLmandmt f Inwnper . s , gave " The Honourable Robert J . Walker , to wliMin both countries are ho much indebted io < lua . xeilions to promote commerce , ( hut ^ real b .-nd ol union between iho two branches ol the An lo-S . » xon iannly " - a loam , which was received with ureut unpluuhe , renewed uguni and ugui" .

      Mr . Robert Walker replied to the toast by an eloquent and comprehensive speech on free commerce . He showed how with a less restricted tariff the revenue of the United State * had nearly doubled , the commercial marine increased one million of tons , thousands of miles of railroad come into operation , and the annual exports enormously increased . He successfully disposed of the balance of trade theory , which it appears still contiives to find a snug corner in some transatlantic economics . He said the doctrine had been weighed in the balance of facts and found wanting . " Here , gentlemen . " he continued , " I might present

      —but it would be tedious , and I shall not detain yousome tables in relation to the great advantages which have accrued to Great Britain from this reciprocal reduction of duties , and the increase of their reciprocal commerce ; but it has been much better presenter by your own statesmen . The truth is , gentlemen , that commerce is not geographical—( hear , hear );—it does no ? belong 'o a single country ; it ib universal ; it belongs to the world , and the principles upon which it is founded are universal . They are laws ; and the laws of trade are as fixed and certain as the laws which govern the movements of the planetary bodies . The artificial regulations of man may produce a perturbing force , but the > will onlydistuib to injure those who appiy the artificial restrictions .

      ( Cheers . ) jNow , gentlemen , I will only . say , that with a vast reduction of our own duties , and with the abolition of very many taxes and duties , our revenue , in spite of these reductions , and in the face of these abolitions , has actually augmented . And , gentlemen , it is a most remarkable fact that the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race—you , the people of England , and we , your children in Ameiica—present at this period almost the cnly instances of Governments whose receipts exceed their expenditures , and who have a surplus which they are applying to the extinguishment of their debts . Fur , gentlemen , without instancing others , look on the continent of Europe . I will not pass them all in review before me , but I will allude to facts recently published . . Look to the higii tariff , paralytic despotism of Austria—( hear)—a . State

      which is in the last spasms of financial bankruptcy . What do you see there ? You see , gentlemen , the police enteiing the Exchange , and endeavouring , by the power of the Government , to regulate the exchanges , and to regulate the price of paper money ! ( Laughter . ) Why , we all know that they might just as well attempt to regulate the movements of the heavenly bodies . Not having exactly succeeded in that movement , the next thing which they do is to make an assault upon the Jews , who deal in exchanges—and I see it stated that they have driven nearly all the Jtivs from "Vienna . I see , too , they are driving them fioin Frankfort . Now , this seems to me very ungrateful ; lor 1 believe that , without trie aid of the jews , Austria must have fallen into financial bankruptcy long ago , and she is certainly not destined to derive any peculiar advantage from this movement . "

      His concluding words are remarkable for their bearing on a political intrigue now progressing in Europe . " There were some who supposed that they observed in the distant horizon some symptoms of war between our countiies , growing out of the recent message of the President of the French Republic . 1 feel no such apprehension . — ' We have eagerly seized the opportunity to furnish Spain with a proof ol the sincerity ol our relations , by joining England in offering the Cabinet of Madrid the assistance of our naval forces to repulse the late audacious attack against Cuba . ' Although 1 have not the slightest authority to speak on behalf of any British official , yet 1 will state my strong and decided conviction , which will be borne out by subsequent facts , that this statement of the French President is founded in

      mistake and misapprehension , and that England never made any . such oiler . Look at the Ashburton treaty . That treaty established the north-eaalern boundary of Maine and Canada . At the time that took place ^ was an humble senator ; and , with the view of preserving peace between England and America , 1 voted for it . Growing oui of that treaty wan a correspondence ; and that contained a most unequivocal abandonment , for the benefit of England , of America , and of the world , of the right of search . Can any one suppose that Knglund is disposed to withdraw that pledge , and violate her honour ? Would not the placing of these fleets on our coasts involve the principle of the ri ^ ht of search ? Alter showing the effeciH which would be produced by

      placing a fleet in the Gulf of Mexic , and describing the French Preuident aa the Gallic Lopez , Mr Walker proceeded to Hay that he never had believed that a Freetrade Minis try , the Foreign Secretary ( Lord l'ulinciHton ) , or a 1 \ line Minister inheriting the name of Jtussell , could have Htiiclten Hiie . li a blow against freedom . In thiH inutler he neither heard the clap of thunder , nor baw the flunh of lightning , lie saw only the sprinkling of the gentle and genial dro | m of fi iendship and ailection , and Lhe rainbow of peace overarching the Ai lioitic , and the two urcat li . uioiiH a . sncinbling in both hemispheres and demanding , even if tla-iiU > verniiients proposed a different course , that they should never he permitted to hrinur about a

      suicidal coiillict between England ai . d Ameiica . ( Loud chcvniHj . ) Wherever lin y looked over the K "'"') they ii . und England and Auici ic . i mined , 'f ' hey found their vessels in the Atmiuic , the Pacific , mid I he Mediterranean , and in the iikihi < li > t . itil 1 . sens . ( Apjilawia . ) The found them in the j . ; real Atlantic , eng . i ^ eil almost hiinulunieouly on ihut mea t , continent ; and ihey found them .-still mote recentl y amid the Polar Sens ami ihiek ribbed ice of the Aie ic ic <> i ( iiis , He . ncliin ( 4 for Sir John l ' r , > iii > lni ( C / tcrr . t ) 1 hut expedition was got up by lhe III tiiillirencc ol one ol bin ( Mi . Walkei ' hJ own cuiniu ymeii , Mi . Henry 0 linncl yl man who deceived to be enrolled with Hie llow . ildtt of the world . Alter ejqn ensile a hope that . JSir John Fiunklm might jet bo leuioicd to hit * wile and uumly ,

      Mr . Walker proceeded to say that in his W « T " report to his country he said— ' For mv ccmntf fina " c'al confederacy of sovereign and united « aS" 1 L * l * \ continued Wessings of Heaven . May her union * £ gressive , harmonious , and perpetual . Mav hi- pro " one of honour , peace and glory-ofVQS f'c ^ r be good faith . ' He could only say that w& f' and he wished the same great and glorious d ^ fe ? ' land . He concluded by proposing a toast—«• Thi « . » 8 I Liverpool , generous , enterprising , and successful ift past career , may all her future ways be those of n )« r ness and peace / ( Loud Applause . ) ' f P leas ™ t . The subsequent proceedings of the evening of the usual character , and the chief topic of discm ^ commerce . ° murse

      Untitled Article

      AN INTERNATIONAL MONEY-ORDFR OFFICE . K A . sensible suggestion appears in the Sacred Column of the limes . Obviously something should be do ™ specially to protect the poor who forget not their friends in distress . The suggestion is thrown h , n the shape of a letter : — uo " Sir , —I presume most of your readers are aware that the emigrant agency houses in Liverpool , connected with the United States , are also dealers in small bills of exchange , which are drawn upon them by th < ir agents in New York , Boston , and other towns , in favour of the friends and relatives of the poor emigrants who have been able to save a few dollars of their earnings , and wuo in

      absence of other mr-aus of remitting , are induced' to exchange their haid cash for these bills at sight The sums for which they are dr . iwn run from £ 1 to ° £ 6 or £ 7 and I question if the average amount of each bill be over £ 3 . They are generally sent to the very poorest class in Ireland , either to enable them to subsist , or to follow their more fortunate relatives across the Atlantic . The amount in aggregate which is forwarded in this way almost exceeds belief . I am inclined to estimate it at mote than half a million sterling , and it is a noble trait in the character of the Irish emigrant that such a fund , the result of labour and self-denial , is yearly transmitted to those to whom his feelings and affections still cling though the wide Atlantic roll between .

      " The misery and despair which necessarily follow on the failure of any of these agency houses , on this side , may be more easily conceived than described . Such a disaster is not of unfrequent occurrence , andits presence here , at the moment , leads me to suggest , through your columns , a very simple and effective remedy . " It is this—That an international post-office money order department be established by the two Governments of Great Britain and the United States , so that the poor emigrant who paid his hard-earned savings at the postoffice in New York , would be as certain that they would reach his relatives in Sligo or Limerick as if he had remitted them from Liverpool . Let these orders be given at such a rate of exchange as will cover the expenses incidental to the department , and also to the due replacement of the funds to nuet the orders in Great Britain .

      It is not the question of a few c : nts more or less of exchange that the poor emigrant need care about ; it is the perfect security of the bulk of his remittance that is all important , lean see no practical difficulty in this plan . It is true the gains of private traders in such bills would be interfered with by the competition of such an establishment , carrying " with it , as of course it would do , perfect credit and safety ; but this latter point is exactly what the case demands , and it was to secure this that the post-office money-order oflices in this country were organized , which have been attended with such vast advantages to the poorer classes of society . " A Liviuii ' ooii Banker . " LiverpoolNovember 20 . "

      , An objection is raised to this , of the old economical mintage , namely , that an international money-order oflice would throw additional duties on the Government , and a committee of known merchants is suggested . We trust , however , that such a weale objection will not prevent tin ; adoption of measures to secure the object in view—complete security tor the transmission of sums of money from emigrants in America to their distressed relatives at home .

      Untitled Article

      SPEECH OF Silt JAMES BItOOKJS ON BORNEO . At a recent missionary meeting Sir James l * rook ° delivered the following speech , which in vuluablc a » containing his own uceount of the internal ( joven - ment of liorneo . , " That my heart is in the cause , I am sure every body knows ; for I tmould not otherwi . se have been m ) iouk Borneo . If 1 can give you any information i ""™ 1 ' the reverend gentleman 1 » uh af forded—which l ' ^ doubt —1 shall be most happy to do ho . Allow' » . f Hay that . 1 am here to-night , because your wot my ' ^ UHkcu me to come . 1 dislike public meetinK" - . not aecuHtomed to them , and am always aJratU oi y ^ more than 1 ought to do ; for 1 always led t "' i Idonhke otherH on thene oeca so . h , line

      , , very many led on , vety many » " «•¦ " * what 1 can Hay more than modenly would warmnt . !>'"¦ w li () I 1 , do on this occasion 1 will do . lift > w turn ««" . " u in the first place , to the object o < jUv . » 'J . ;„ . Christianity ih to be int . roduee . l . it . all , n >• ^ w . , troiluced in a Chriauun h » irit ( hear , hem ) , lll (; 1 ., l it not . at . all Jf any particular / hmch m ' ¦ ., ,, ¦ UL ., Sarawak— ami lhe Church ol hn iai » l W » j « , f in which 1 have been bred -wo claim »<> " »» K ^ R lif , ht we claim toleration , that , w a » ¦<•<»<•)» 1 IH ' '' ' k , nly . lint toex |» . « : t uiiioii » tH heiuhei . ,.. «> ,. ! . - V \ ' ,, „ , „ , to toU-r . Lion which we g ive to olhe . H we ly „ ,. teach them by ,-e , sua ,. o ., un . l by k . i , « l ^ ¦ ;„ fail , we e . annot . help M .. H «« ' " » ' » ¦ ' «• " »> ,, " „ , m i , t « T , he ' (; i ,., r .: h of Km . | H ,, < l , that is the ve , y h » '• ' ' ^ m 0 Jlt of dwciplmu . You might «» well lulk ol a nB

      Untitled Article

      1130 gfK WLt&ttt * [ Saturday ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 29, 1851, page 1130, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1911/page/6/