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Leader (1850-1860), 30th August 1851, Edition Town of 1, Page 833, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      the Kood or b « ieflc » l has been transformed practx-- caS / into a preference of that which xs badlor injurious . Sence has arisen the appearance of h . s being bad by nature ; and hence the continual opposition to each other of duty , inclination , and interest , which will always coincide when man shall be rightly educated and placed . 2 . That man does not possess a free will ; but that his character and his feelings , convictions and will , are effects of causes which , when traced back to his earliest existence are found to originate altogether independently of the individual ; that there Is a natural and invariable law of cause and effect or antecedent and consequence , in obedience to which the-compound of qualities , &c , and all the thoughts , feelings , and wills of every individual are produced .

      3 . That , therefore , man cannot have merit or demerit , or deserve praise or blame or artificial rewards or punishments for his character , feelings , convictions , wills , or acts , however good or bad they may be . Although his qualities , &c , are not the less good or bad on this account , nor will he theless experience their necessary consequences , which are God ' s natural and inevitable rewards and punishments , and most beneficial means to indicate to him that which is really good or bad , and to lead him to discover and to obtain power over the causes of the good and the bad ; nor will it be the less necessary , while the erroneous system which produces the evil , and while the evil which this system has produced , are continued * to employ artificial restraints for the protection of society and the restraint of evil doers , who are the creations and natural punishments of a false

      system of society . 4 . That the attributing of merit and demerit , and the employment of praise and blame , and of artificial rewards and punishments , are not only unjust and inefficient for producing good qualities , feelings , convictions , and wills , but are also in a high degree injurious , or productive of evil in the character , ideas , feelings , -wills , and conduct of those who are trained under their influence . And that the onry rational

      and effectual means to remove evil and to attain good in human character , &c , are to remove the causes which produce the evil , and to bring into existence those which will necessarily generate the good ;—in other words , to supersede the erroneous and injurious ideas , feelings , practices , and institutions , which have emanated from ignorance of the causes of evil and of good , by the true and beneficial ideas , feelings , practices , and institutions , which are in accordance with a knowledge of those causes .

      The error of the supposition that man possesses an independent power over the formation of his character , &c ., has long been known to men of acute observation and reasoning powers ; but at this point they have lost the clue of truth , and have failed to trace out the endless ramifications of evil which necessarily grow out of this false supposition , and the luxuriant and delightful growth of beneficial results which will emanate from the knowledge of the opposite truth when developed and applied to

      practice consistently ; and they have deviated into erroneous inferences little , if at all , less injurious than the primary error which they had discarded . It was reserved for Mr . Owen to discover the momentous results which flow from the detection of this error , and the true process of the formation of man ' s character ; and hia great educational experiment at New Lanark was the practical application of this discovery and demonstration of its truth and importance , and the developing of the new and true science of

      education . I will afterwards refer to the mistakes of those who fall into error aft 6 r having detected the primary truth , that man has not an independent power over the formation of his character , &c . ; but , for the assistance of those who have not yet perceived this primary truth , I will first point out shortl y the facts by which it is demonstrated ; for until this primary truth is perceived , no rational opinion on the subject of education can be formed . I must , however , to avoid extending this letter to too great a length , defer this explanation for another . HfiNllY TllAVI 8 .

      Untitled Article

      MONEY MARKET AND CITY INTELLIGENCE . Saturday . Consols have varied considerably this week . On Monday f > ey sunk an eighth , leaving off at 961- On Tuesday they declined to 96 $ ; but on Wednesday rose again to 96 * to j . A large sale on Thursday , however , depressed them to 951 to 96 . No explanation of the cause ; but alleged , " among other things , " is " distrust at the political state of Europe . " Yesterday Consols closed at 951 to 96 . The fluctuations of the week have been , Consols from 96 | to 95 J ; Bank Stock , 215 to 216 ; Exchequer Bills , 46 s . to 49 s . premium .

      Foreign stocks have shown a tendency to decline , ; and were yesterday done as fallows : —The Passive Bonds ( Spanish ) were called 5 7 16 to 5 9-16 ; the active debt closing 20 g to I , and the Three per Cent . Stock 374 : Two-and-a-Half per Cent . Dutch , 59 to 4 ; the Four per Cents ., 92 to 4 ; Danish Three per Cents ., 77 to 4 ; Ecuador , 3 |; Mexican , 28 j to I ; Five per Cent , Peruvian , 91 ; the Deferred JBondu , 431 ; Five per Cent . Russian , 114 to 4 ; Four-and-a-Half per Cent , do 1014 to 2 .

      Untitled Article

      BANK OF ENGLAND . An Account , pursuant to the Act 7 th and 8 th Victoria , cap . 32 , for the week ending : on Saturday , the 18 th of August , J 851 , ISSUE DEPARTMENT . £ £ Notes issued .... , 623 , 190 Government Debt , 11 , 01 a 100 Other Securities .. 2 , 981 , 900 Gold Coin and Bullion 13 , 589 . 815 8 ilver Bullion 33 . 375 £ 27 . 623 , 190 £ 27 , 023 , 190 BANKING DEPARTMENT . £ £ Proprietora'Capital , 14 , 553 , 000 Government Secu-Reat 3 , 288 , 460 rities ( including Public Deposits ( In- Dead-weight Ancluding Exche- nuity ) 13 , 40-1 , 216 quer , Savings' Other Securities .. 12 . H 84 . H 41 Banks , Conmiis- Noten 7 . 87 H . 010 aioneiBof Nutionul ( Johl ami Silver Debt , and 1 ) ivi- Coin 60-1 , 634 dend Accounts ) .. 7 , 161 . 085 Other Deposits .... 8 , 507 , 17 !) 8 even-day andother Bills 1 , 322 , 007 £ 34 . 831 / 731 £ 34 . 831 , 731 Dated AuffUHt 28 , 1851 . || M . Mau . hhai . L , Chief Ciwliier .

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      SHARES . Last ^ J ^^ ti ™ «« ending Friday Evening Aberdeen .. .. — Australian f " _ Bristol and Exeter .. •_ British North American — Caledonian .. .. 10 J Colonial .. lcrlcan __ Eastern Counties .. 5 Commercial of London * " — Edinburgh and Glasgow — London and Westminster 29 Great Northern .. .. 15 J London Joint 8 tock 1 R * Great 8 . &W . ( Ireland ) — National of Ireland *' . _ Great Western . ; .. 75 £ National Provincial * . " . — Lancashire and Yorkshire 46 j Provincial of Ireland .. _ Lancaster and Carlisle — Union of Australia .. 35 Lond ., Brighton , &S . Coast — Union of London .. 14 London and Black wall .. 6 J Mines . London and N .-Western 116 Bolanos — Midland 41 £ Brazilian Imperial .. ~ North British .. .. 5 Ditto , St . John del Bey — South-Eastern and Dover — Cobre Copper .-. .. _ South-Western .. 80 | Miscellaneous . York , Newcas ., & Berwick — Australian Agricultural — Y / ork and North Midland — Canada — Docks . General Steam .. .. — East and West India .. — Penins . 8 s Oriental Steam 9 London — Koyal Mail 8 team .. — St . Katharine .. .. — South Australian .. —

      Untitled Article

      GRAIN , Mark-lane , Aug . 29 , Wheat , It . New 36 s . to « 8 a . Maple 29 s . to 30 a Fine 39 —41 White 24 —25 Old 39 - 41 Boilers 26 — 28 White 41 — 4 t Beans , Ticks . .. 26 —27 Fine 41 —43 Old 28 -29 Superior New 42 — 46 Indian Corn .... 27 —28 Bye 24 — 25 Oats , Feed .... 17 — 18 Barley 21 —22 Fine 18 —19 Malting 20 —28 Poland 20 —21 Malt . Ord 48 —50 Fine ... 21 —22 Fine 50 — bi Potato 19 — - ' 0 Peas , Hoe 25—26 Fine .... 20 —21

      Untitled Article

      FLOUE . Town-made per sack 39 s . to 42 « . Seconds , » 7 """ „ Essex and Suffolk , on board ship •>* —* 7 Norfolk and Stockton 31 33 Are . ican .. per barrel 20 — 24 Canad m 20 — 24 Wheaten Bread 7 d . the 41 b . loaf . Households , 6 d .

      Untitled Article

      Head ok Cattlk at Smithfikld . Friday . Monday . leasts ' . « % 464 'J Sheep 12 , 050 31 , 560 Calves 591 - « 3 l > is 8 410 3 'Jr FROM THE LONDON GAZETTE . Ttiesday , August 26 . Bankrupts . —W . Woods , trading under the stylo or firm of Win . Woodf and Co ., ( Jresliam-rooniH , Baaing hall-atreet , warehouseman , to Bin-render Sept . 3 , Oct . 8 ; solicitor , Mr . Hauhrid ffe . Wood-street , Cheapsidc ; official assignee , Mr . Btansleld --T . Wai . i . is . the younger , and 8 . WALMS , Leeds , lineiidrapcrs , Sept . ft , Oct . U ; solicitor . Mr . Jones , Size-lane , Huoklershury ; official n 8 Bia-nc : e , Mr . Whitinore , Uaaing hall-strcet—C . C . C . OitAltY , Colchester , cheesemonger and g rocer , H « ipt . 5 , 5 . „ • solicitors , Messrs . Laugham and I-an ^ liani . Hartlett ' a-hulldinga . Holboru ; ofllcial asH ^ nee , Mr . Whitrnore , Hasinghall-street—J . E . Norton . Crescent , Asyluin-road , Old Kent-road , wine merchant . Sept . 5 , Oct . 1 >; solicitors , Messrs . Lawrence . I lews , i . nd Hoyer , Old Jewry-chambers ; ofllcial assignee . Mr . Carman , Ilirchiii-lane . Cornhill—J . Wilub . Ordsall-lane ( and not ArdBaillane . uk beforn adverted ) . 8 alf > rd . builder , « ept . ft and < H > , solicitor . Mr . Doarden . rail-mail , Manchester ; official assignee , Mr . I ' raser , George-street , Manchester . Uankiu . i > t « 1 .-O . BO ^ NTu ^ XoiBeoW . Lower Mitohan . . Surrey , calico printers , to surrender September IX fnttcrow solicitors . Messrs . Linklater and LinkUter . W »«™* ££ Si Mamvon-hous * ; official asshr .. e « . Mr . *\« nn « ll . auUaamu chambers . Baslngh . ll-stroet-5 . " ^" ^ hun . M « Z « . Linkhou . einan . September 6 . October 11 ; '"^ an-Uou ' v ; oflloial later and Liiiklalir , Ch . rlot . e-row . M « iw on < " « £ t ^ assignee . Mr . iwfl . () uliaiull-ch » o , ; ^ ' Chels * . . 1 \ Wauhild , < ;« do * ? - » fc *"'' , i . . oHoitor . Mr . J-m * % m ^^ g

      Untitled Article

      Week Avo , 30 , 1851 . ] gftl ? >» £ >* ?? 833

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      CORN EXCHANGE . Maukiane , August 29 . —Our supplies this week are small . Weather cold and rainy . Country market rather firmer . WheBt quiet at . former rates . Oats firm , and 6 d . dearer than last week ; Barley , Peas , and Beans unaltered . Arrivals from August 25 to August 29 . English . Irish . Foreign Wheat .. .. 2230 Barley .. .. 20 19 , 40 Oats 60 76 , 20 Flour .. .. 510 Sacks , 760 ; Barrels , 6980 .

      Untitled Article

      GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE OF GRAIN . Week Ending Aug . 23 . Imperial General Weekly Average . Wheat 39 s . lOd . j Rye 27 « . Id , Barley 26 8 Beans 31 4 Oata 20 11 | Peas 25 11 Afteregate Average of the Six Weeks . Wheat 41 s . 9 d . I Rye 27 s . 2 d . IJarley 26 0 Beans 31 4 Oats .. 21 10 | Peas 27 9

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      AVERAGE PRICE OF SUGAR . The average price of Brown or Muscovado 8 ugar , computed from the returns made in the week ending the 26 th day of August , 1851 , is 24 a . 4 | d . per cwt

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      BUTCHERS' MEAT . Newgate and Luadbniiall . * Sm'thfiki . d . * b . d . s . d . fl . d . s . d . Reef a 4 to 3 2 a 2 to 3 6 Mutton 2 8 — : i 6 3 4 — 40 Lamb S 4 — 4 4 4 0 — 4 8 Veal 2 4 — 3 8 2 4 — 3 8 I ' ork 2 8 — 4 0 3 6 — 310 To sink the oilal , per 8 lb .

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      lllUTISII FUNDS FOR TIIK PAST WKKK . ( Closing Prices . )

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      Sutur . Mond . Tue * . iVedn . Thurs . /' ' rid . Bank Stock .... 215 215 J 215 } iil 5 ^ a ! >* 3 * 154 3 per Ct . Red .. 97 A VI « 7 1 ) 7 } V >~\ «<> . { 3 p . C . Con . Ans . ««{( «« 1 ««« W >\ «(> 4 «« 8 p . C . An . 1726 . - — - ¦ ¦ —¦ - 3 p . Ct . Con .. Ac . » H Mi « fl * «'> 3 'J ft 3 j p . Cent . An . 9 * 2 flbj « J 8 J 1 ) 8 $ « i > ft 'Mh New & per Cts . — LonjrAns ., 1860 . 7 g 7 fl 7 g 73 lnd . 8 t . 104 p . ct . iJt » O Ditto Donds .. 57 p 57 p 57 p 53 p 61 p 55 p Ex . Bills , 1000 / . 46 p 46 p 4 'J p 47 p 4 N p Ditto , 500 * . .. 4 « J p 4 (> p 4 ( i p 40 p 48 p Ditto . Bumll 4 « p 46 p 46 p 4 « p 41 p 48 p

      Untitled Article

      lOHKIQN FirNDH . ( Last Official Quotation during the Week ending ; Friday Kvening . ) Austrian 5 par Cents . 814 Mexican 5 per Ct . Ace . DHfl Belfrian Hdi ., 41 p . Ct . » 4 A — . Bmall .. .. — Brazilian ft per Crnts . UOJ Neapolitan & per Cents . — Bueno * Ayres < l p . Cts . 6 ft Peruvian \\ per Cent * . — Chilian ( I per Cents — Portuguese 5 per Cent . — Danish & per Cents . -. lO 4 i 4 per CU . » 21 Dutch Hi p « r Cents ... 6 VI AjapuitU * — 4 mr ( tarts . .. 9 M Bmai — . IM > . ^ y . « Hfc 1 «| ^^^ xff * ' •^ T ^ wiilf y' rrrrrtittSxi ^^^*^

      Untitled Article

      WHAT TO DO WITH THE SURPLUS MONEY OF THE CRYSTAL PALACE . Barrhead , August 11 . 1851 . Silt , —Allow ino through the medium of your paper to give publicity to u suggestion on the above Bubject , which appears to mo very useful . The Exposition was got up for the purpose of extending knowledge and tante in relation to the useful and the beautiful , CHpeeiolly among the working-classes , but it huu only approximated towards that purpose . Many thoutjandu of able workmen will never see it , and the time for seeing by those who aro so fortunate «» to get within , will , in most cases , hare been so limited as to allow of very partial observation . The Crystal Palace will soon bo away ; but , could not the intention of it be very permanently forwarded oy theConamisaioners employing some of the surplus money in giving « National Book , ugon the object r i ^ i £# , «***» *» p « 4 to giT « mgoKfbmt , wood « uu , VB 4 lifi ^ y ^ n ^ ff fft ifrt MumEiamS *

      beautiful Works , accompanied by letter-press descriptions by able literary men . Let the book be sold to the public , charging for nothing save the paper and printing ; it might also be issued in parts , a part on each specifically distinct subject , so that each might also buy the part best suited to throw light on his avocation . Copies could be presented gratuitously to all the Mechanics' Institutions . Such an undertaking would commemorate the Exposition for ages , and bring the shadow of its greatness and grandeur round every fireside . I think it well worth considering . Yours truly , Tim .

      Untitled Article

      HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Registrar-General ' s Report . ) The weekly return still discovers a high rate of mortality , though some improvement is observed in the last as compared with earlier weeks of this month . The deaths in the week ending July 26 , were 956 ; in August they rose successively to 1010 , 1038 , and 1061 ; and they have again declined to 956 . In the corresponding week of 1849 , when epidemic cholera was raging , the total mortality rose to 2456 deaths , more than half of which were the consequence of its fatal violence ; in the same week of 1847 , it rose to 1057 ; but with these exceptions , the number registered last week is higher than in any of the corresponding weeks of 1841 50 . Of the 956 persons who died last week , 502 were children under 15 years of age , 262 were 15 years or older but under 60 years , and 184 had reached 60 years or upwards ; 290 children , whose deaths are now recorded , had not attained one year of age . The births of 772 boys and 683 girls , in all 1455 children , were registered in the week . The average of six corresponding weeks in 1845 50 was 1281 .

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  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 30, 1851, page 833, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1898/page/21/