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Leader (1850-1860), 16th August 1851, Edition Town of 2, Page 766

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      to force ; no resistance but moral resistance—a war conducted in " union , " carried on with " perseverance , " and animated by " devotedness . " But if the enemies of the constitution pass its limits , then " they solemnly declare , with deliberate firmness , that , enveloped in the flaff of the constitution , they will not fail in any of the duties which the salvation of the Republic may impose , " And this ia a policy in which , from Cavaignae and LamoriciSre to Jules Favre and Augusta M «> t , all shad «« of the Left will heartily join . The moral attitude is perfect . It is also a deadly reproach to those who intrigue for a De Joinville or for a Bonaparte , both illegal candidatures . " .

      _ _ .. , „ , „ In Western Europe , both South and North of France , there is no overt sign of change ; but the fact that popular intelligence has made great progress in Spain , is attested by the extension of Associative principles in that country . On this subject , our contemporary , La Republique , distinguished even among French joui nals for uniting the philosophy of politics with practical information , has a most instructive article , of which we shall place the substance before our English readers next week . Taking a sweep round by the East of Europe ,

      from the Baltic to the Mediterranean , we discern in every part the symptoms of alarm on the Absolutist side;—an alarm getting too strong for concealment . The intelligence of an Absolutist movement from all quarters , might be summed up in two words—arrests and diplomatic activity . Police and diplomatists are busy in every state . There are arrests in Germany , arrests in Hungary , arrests in Austrian Italy ; the Berlin police system is extended to the Rhine j the police report a conspiracy discovered at Venice , to break out at Brescia ; the the Ordre reports that the eruption is to take place at the foot of JStna . Here again the only thing

      certain is , that the police know nothing of these rumoured conspiracies ; their masters , indeed , descry a great power rising up against them , throughout the whole range of Absolutist Europe ; they feel what they call the " volcanic soil" rising under their feet ; they discern the power of the " Invisible Government" in the demeanour of the Peoplej they are perplexed , terrified ; they presume an explosion to Jake place , they would rather see the danger than live in the midst of it unseen , and they order the police to find it out : accordingly the police reports that it has found it out . There is the whole story of these pretended

      discoveries . Meanwhile , Absolutism has other tribulationsas in the last new discovery , for the twentieth time , that Austrian finance is insolvent ; other hope «—as in the last new turn to the expectations / bout Frederick William , that he is going to turn Roman Catholic—as if it mattered what he turned ! The weathercock will probably turn southwards to-morrow : what then ?

      The colonial world is not in a state of perfect repose . Cuba is announced to be in revolt against Spain ; and although some doubt is cast mum the report , at present it must be received with due allowance for all rumours coming across the Atlantic . The disturbances at Quebec appear to have been exaggerated in the first accounts } but Canada is far from being iu a healthy condition . And at the Cape of Good Hope Governor Smith makes little way wilh his little Kafir war .

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      CONTINENTAL NOTES . The moat prominent topics in tho news from France arc tho inanifuiito , or Compte-rendu of the Mountain to the people , and the huge trialH for political conspiracy on an immense scale now proceeding at LyonH . The manifesto is a remarkable document , full of hope in the future ; full of Kittisfuction with the portion <> f the democracy , nil things eonnidered ; and ¦ igned by 111 Montagnardw . They advocate " union , pcrB » v * ranco , and devott dnens " iu > the meuna of conquering their opponents . They point out how the HepuMic exiHtu by being stronger than itn divided f oe&i how the reelection of Louis Napoleon is impotjsible , because m > con » tittitional ; and they rejoice irf

      Republican party were united in the . The constitution in readily adniitperfect ; but it in a " barrier to monar-They ' lame in fttrong terniH the t which the Government givcH to the id . and cruel Government of Home , " *'' ' eye ° * ^ rt ; ncn arm y > concerts ^ Naples , the executioner of hid oubfrom . French protection , which it nivowB . " They alao complain that tho Italy " listens to the proclamations another executioner , wIiobo impious outrages « a generous population to the heart . " KUfwrring to douiMtic matter / a , the representatives of .

      the Mountain complain of th « accused in the conspiracy of Lyons having been kept for months in gaol before being brought to trial ; of the maintenance of the state of siege in five departments ; of the establishment of the voltee system at Lyons I pf the dissolution Qf national guards a » d municipal councils for having made republican demonstrations ; of the law . on th © national guard , « wtiich deprives the ' vile multitude of the musket , as the electoral law deprived them of the right of voting \ " of the prorogation of the elections of officers of the national guards , and of elections of councils-general ; also of the severities to which the political prisoners of Belle-Isle are subjected . After treating of several matters connected with acts of the last session of the Assembly , they say : —

      " Citizens , —The future , an early future , will settle all the social questions of which in the first days of the revolution of February the importance was so well understood . That future is ours . What are , in fact , the coming eventualities ? A second demand for a constitutional revision , and the double election of 1852 . In presence of the law of May 31 , which contains within itself civil war , we have , according to our right , and after weighing circumstances , refused revision ; we shall refuse it again ; it will not take place ; the fact is as certain in the future as in the past . The double election remains—the crisis

      of 1852 , as the enemies of the Republic say . Why should there be a crisis ? In 1852 , according to the formal terms of the Constitution , the sovereign people in their universality will elect a new National Assembly and a new President of the Republic , an executive and subaltern agent of the legislative will . Such is our fundamental law , confided to the vigilance , the patriotism , and the protection of all the citizens . How can this law , which has already been fully carried out several times with peace and dignitv—how can it , in being again exercised in all its plenitude , occasion a crisis ? ' "

      " The enemies of the Republic , " they say , " ask us ¦ what we shall do if the president be reelected ?" «« "vVe reply , the people will not elect Louis Napoleon Bonaparte ; the people know that the constitution forbids his reelection , and they wish that the constitution should be respected . * * * The people have seen that between a prince and the Republic there is a deep abyss . AU that we know , the people know . Tell us , they say to Louis N . Bonaparte , ' President of the Republic , what have you done for the Republic ? Socialist writer , what are become of your doctrines ? Author of the manifesto , where are your promises ? ' " The manifesto terminates in a reference to the law of the 31 st of May . Here are the closing words : —

      " The law of the 31 st of May will be repealed by tne assembly , because it will understand the impossibility of maintaining it in opposition to the constitution ; the reelection of Bonaparte is impossible , because it would violate the constitution ; the prorogation of existing powers is impossible , because it would violate the constitution ; the constitution dominating all citizens and all institutions—such is 1852 , without disorder , without crisis . It would not be a crisis , but a revolution , which would arise from the violation of our fundamental compact—a revolution legitimate as right , holy as justice , sacred as liberty . In that case we declare here , with deliberate firmiiffis , that , under the flag of the constitution , we would not fail in any of the duties which the salvation of the Republic might impose on us . "

      In connection with this subject we observe , that M . de Joinville is to be put forward for the presidency . Dr . Veron , editor of the Cvnstitutionnel , has considered the rumour sufficiently important to bear the weight of a long leader ; fighting the candidature of the Bourbon with as much asperity as the republicanb attack that of Louis Napoleon . The Times also has had a . lengthy leader on the same subject , and on the same side . The other event in France is the great trial of

      fortynine men at Lyons for a conspiracy , alleged to have been planned last year . The leader of the conspirucy is Alphonso Gent , who was a member of tho Constituent ; and the treasonable organization is said to hove extended over fifteen departments . The bill of indictment iu of immense length . Michel de Bourgen mid Madier de Montgun are the principal defender ** of the prisoners . The conspiracy is said to have been discovered by a seizure of the letters of Gent , made at Lyons last year .

      German news is interesting . The Berlin IAthographirte Correspondenx of the 1 st instant , contradicts certain rumours which have been current in the German papers of a proposed meeting between the Sovereign * of ituHMia , Auwtria , and Prussia . No such inciting lias been proponed ; but it in possible that the Emperor of Austria und the King of Prussia will accidentall y meet at Isold on the occasion of the King of I ' ruubia ' s journey to Italy !

      The same Ministerial paper states that the Austrian Cabinet has despatched a note to the Government of France respecting the French protent on the Austrian annexation question . Auwtria dc . clu . rcs that , ttlie perttiatH in her plan of incorporation , and that she i » prepared to take all measured , no matter what they may be , to promote that object . Policemen uro to be placed in the towns of the lthine Provmcen , uocording to tho system carried out in Berlin .

      The Vast Gazette of Berlin publishes a letter from Vienna of the 7 th , which wtatea that uu extensive conspiracy hut * been discovered in Italy , und that it v / uti on that account that the rigour /* of tho state of

      siege in the Austrian provinces have been increased It is add © 4 that p » the 4 th of July a gentleman at Venice died suddenly of apoplexy , and that on piac ing seals on his papers the scheme of a conspiracy * signed by more than 400 persons , was discovered The object of it was , it is said , to kill the Emperor ' in the event of his . going' to Italy , and to kill all the Austrian offipers pn the same night . Onl y one conspirator resided at Venice , 37 were at Brescia , and the rest at Bologna . AH have , it is said , been arrested Several arrests were effected at Vienna on the 6 th ' of persons accused of political oflences . The fact i 8 ' that the whole of Germany , Italy , and Hungary , is j n

      permanent conspiracy against the brutal despotism of their rulers . The particular acts charged against particular individuals may be and most likel y are false ; but that the people of these countries hate and abominate the Governments to which they are compelled to submit by armed force , is perfectly true . The Ordre of Paris , a quasi-Conservative paper , however , publishes a rather different account to that in the Voss Gazette : —* ' Letters from Italy of the 8 th instant contain news of some importance . The journals have spoken of the discovery at Venice and Verona of a vast conspiracy to assassinate the

      Emperor , and to massacre all the Austrian officers . This is not quite correct . A plot indeed does exist , and one not confined to Milan , but extending throughout Italy . Some papers seized on the person of a " Vetturino , " who journeyed habitually between Rovigo and Bologna , afforded the first indication of the designs of the conspirators , and searches since made at Milan at d Venice have led to the complete discovery of their projects . It appears , according to their general plan , that the first Democratic rising in Italy , if a rising there is to be , will originate in Sicily ; this explains the great preparations now making lor the defence of the island , which is armed and fortified in a formidable manner . One of our correspondents ,

      usually well-informed , has no doubt that , on the least symptom of an insurrection , the Austrian garrison of Ancona will cross the frontiers of the Roman states , and march to the Abruzzi . At Milan the authorities are fully prepared . The garrison have received their orders , and the state of siege is rigorously enforced . A man on whom some certify eates of Mazzini ' s loan were found , was immediately shot .

      Austrian finance is again in a chaotic state . The extreme discouragement , says a correspondent of t (; e Times , which has succeeded to the sanguine expectations but a few days since entertained by the Governmental party , induces me to believe t hat the Finance Minister ' s plans have been thwarted ; indeed , those persons who s o lately positively asserted that the loan had been contracted are now fain to confess that ' at the eleventh hour unforeseen difficulties had

      presented themselves . " The moneyed world affirms that the terms proposed by Baron Krauss are bo little encouraging that there is reason to believe «« would willingly give up all idea" of the loan at present were he not urged on to action by the " Iteiclw rath . " In this there may be some truth , for p ^ sous who f-re supposed to be intimately acquainted win the opinions of the Minister , assure m » that he isso firmly persuaded no deficit will be found in the balance-sheet for 1851 , that ho is extremely disinclined to make any sacrifices to the cupidity or tnt financiers . No doubt the Austrian empire has bew sacrificed to the " cupidity of the financiers ! nu

      The Vienna correspondent of the Morning ^ f ° J ' who appears to be on good terms with Mr . M Uira ) , the American Ambassador , makes the following announcement in his letter of the 10 th : — " I am enabled to state , on the beat authority , that i-Porte has given notice to Austria and tho other i f that it will not be answerable for the detenuo i Kossuth and the remaining six refugees beyond m « - ^ of September . The Mississippi , an American friKj" . ^ now on the spot , destined to receive them . il wish of KosButh to proceed to America , and as y ^ conditions of residence have been imposed upon > ^ Austria will not hear of his liberation , and is slrn f jft ( , every nerve to defeat the humane intention" ^ Porte ; one of the objections to his release being having delivered up the Hungarian crown . "

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      ARREST OP AN AMERICAN IN HUNOA . ^ An American traveller , named Brace , cnJcJ ! j r ( 1 of city of GrosBwaradin , in Hungary , on the ' try May . His object in journeying throug h tne j ( wna to study ita inHtitutions ; but being an -a a and a republican , ho wan , it app eared , a 5 M / V ^ ,, jii few houru alter bin arrivul in the town he »* i ^ ^ an hotel to dine , and two gentlemen at tl " jiot a ( - nn impression upon him for which he cou ^ wJ )() count . In the course of conversation a . , OI 1 y in wan with him inquired after the Hungarian .

      ^^ Iowa , and Mr . Brace « poke of it aH < » K ^ th ( l t 1 >« tioning the name of TJjhazy , and observii » , ^ ( ajll wu « much rcHpeoted . Alterward » iio p' » it ,, „ visitB , und was told by one of the autlion : } lUI ,, l « d » was an object of suspicion , as he had nl r but tl >< hiii paBB to be vuid . Thin mode him unxioi »» . ^ ] ltf commandant of the place told him thut au ^ und ho took no moro troubte in tho matter .

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  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 16, 1851, page 766, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1896/page/2/