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Leader (1850-1860), 2nd August 1851, Edition Town of 2, Page 737, Untitled Article

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    • Cmumerrid Mains.
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      Untitled Article

      ing that I made no such assumption . I state what I believe to be a physical law , and I give what appears to me to be a proof of its truth . The law , if true at all , must be true under all circumstances , unless , as Mr . Pare seems to assume , the laws of the physical world depend on the construction of society . Then Mr . Pare , speaking of me , says , " How knows he the wonderful , almost miraculous changes in the cultivation of the land , as in other matters , that would be produced by a distribution of the people over its surface , in colonies or communities of from 2000 to 3000 each , as proposed by Owen ? " I answer , that I do not know and I cannot imagine what would be the effect of such a " distribution of the people . '' Does Mr . Pare know , or even think he I knows ?

      Neither am I aware of the oftquoted experiments of Mr . Falla and others , as to the relative quantities of wheat as produced byploughings and diggings , that whilst by the plough , at a cost for labour of 32 s ., 38 bushels were produced-to the acre ; by the spade , at a cost for labour of 37 s ., 68 £ bushels were produced ; or , in other words , whilst the labour was increased only 16 percent ., the prodiice was increased 80 per cent . ! I repeat , I have never heard of these experiments , nor do I believe in the correctness of the inference Mr . Pare and his friends would draw

      from them , granting that the experiments themselves took place , and that their results have been correctly stated . I can readily understand , that under certain peculiar circumstances , spade labour would be more profitable than the plough ; meaning by profit the return yielded to labour . But that it would be so generally I must still think disproved by the fact , that the spade has not displaced the plough . Capitalists are allowed to be , even by those who most rail against them , wise in their generation : and at a time when , for an additional two or three per cent ., they are willing to tranfer their wealth from one hemisphere to the other , I think I am justified in believing , that if by so simple an outlay as an additional 16 per cent , an additional 80 per cent , could have been realized , they would not have been slow in taking advantage of the fact .

      But even supposing that Mr . Falla ' s experiments were conducted scientifically , that the result has been correctly given , and that Mr . Pare ' s inference is legitimate , what possible bearing have these things upon the point where we join issue ? What bearing have they upon the law of return to labour employed upon land ? They would prove , if true , that a fresh step had been taken , or was about to be taken , in the progress of agricultural skill ; but docs that conflict with the law , as I stated it ? Did I not , m the same letter Mr . Pare has quoted from , say , that there was a law in constant antagonism to the law of

      capital and labour employed on land , —the law , namely , of progress in agricultural knowledge ; and that the condition of the mass of the people , at any given time , depends upon whether population is proceeding more rapidly than agricultural skill , or agricultural skill more rapidly than population ? An increase in population , not accompanied by an advance in agricultural skill , must necessarily deteriorate the condition of any people , except they have a fresh supply of land , of at least equal fertility to that already in cultivation . Mr . Pare seems to think he disproves the truth of this by saying , " I assure you your political ceconomy quite fails you ; you are

      lamentably wrong , for there is great room for agricultural improvement " ! It may bo useless , I believe it is , to " preach this doctrine , " viz ., the duty of being able to provido for a family before you have one , to the Irish peasantry ; but if the doctrine is true , till the Irish peasantry act consciously or unconsciously in conformity to its teaching , their emu is hopeless . I remain , Sir , your obedient servant , E . 11 .

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      HUNGARIAN KKFUOEE 8 . July 29 , lfi . > l . bin—Will you pleano acknowledge the inclosed , f ! . I the Hungarian Refuses , as the small but - i 2 r contribution * of Home of the men employed > n MossrB . Burroughea and WutU ' a billiard-tublc manufactory . Yours respectfully , A Sont oi- Ton ..

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      HARMONY PETITION . Ilatinnnl Society Office , 2 . 'l , Jolm-Htx'ot , Fitzroy-Hijunrc , July 2 !) , ! Hf ) l . il Vr' * * ^ sav m nilHWor to your remarks on vi l t . llonv l *« tition , tliat thu control bourd huvu no 8 " < nnplicatp or reflect upon nny purticH ; but to 1 ll P . " " « nd unvarnished Htutement of fuo . ts . A thut ti ° froin tho board told Mr " AshurHt »« ™ > « * 'od ! ^ Ul 1 U > w '" obstruct or oppose the prottn «; '" ff * ° ' ° ' V en ? Ul < i ° l K ! titioi »» g Parliament was miftgosturi iiv ' t ' i * iB a t : 1 ( Hlitor . »" 1 hud inado inquiries liiMl ; ,, , th y »»« n . Tho central board went loi > KUi i . « h it , cluuNo by cImuho , and wore at that no , i "" > us u l " ' * tlu'y w < jre of opinion public good can be done until tho nfJiiir in

      settled , and have , therefore , adopted this plan , which they are determined to follow up ; and they hope the inquiry will be conducted in a " happy and genial spirit , and that the result will be satisfactory . I remain , Sir , yours obediently , T . Whitakeu , Hon . Fin . Sec .

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      THE MARRIAGES , BIRTHS , AND DEATHS IN ENGLAND . On Tuesday the quarterly report of the Registrar-General was issued . This return comprises the births and deaths registered by 2189 registrars in all the districts of England during the spring quarter ending June 30 , 1851 ; and the marriages in more than 12 , 000 churches or chapels , 2869 registered places of worship unconnected with the Established Church , and 623 Superintendent-Registrars' offices , in the quarter that ended March 31 , 1851 . The return of marriages is not complete ; but the defects are inconsiderablp , and approximate numbers have been supplied from the records of previous years . The returns still show a great increase of mariiages and births . The mortality is near the average .

      | Marriages . —The winter quarter , including the months of January , February , and March , hasalwajs fewer marriages in its records than any otbtr quarter of the year . The marriages in the winter quarter of 1851 were , however , 32 , G 19 , which is the largest number ever registered in the winter season of any ) e ar ; it exceeds by Si 72 ( one third ) the marriages in the winter quarter of 1841 ; by 4190 the marriages in the winter quarter of 1819 ; and by 2194 the marriages in the winter quarter of 18 ; 0 . Biuths . —The number of births registered in the quarter ending June 30 amour , ted to 159 , 128 ; which is more than the births registered in any piecrdiug quarter . It exceeds by nearly 30 , 000 the births registered in the corresponding quarter of 1841 , ivhrn the number was 129 , 884 . The births in the year 1851 already amount to 316 512 . The increase is distritm ' rd ovf-r nearly nil the divisions of England , but is greatest in London , in Yorkshire , and in the northern counties . s . . 1 , j , 1

      State of the Public Health . — , 639 deaths wr-re registered iu the quarter ending June 30 , 1851 ; the deaths in the corresponding quarter of 1850 were 93 , 005 ; and 102 , 143 in the corresponding quarter of 1819 , when cholera was in the kingdom . The annual rate of mortality in the spring quarter ( April , May , June ) was very uniform in the years 1841-46 , or 2 141 per tent , on an average , 2174 when highest ( 1841 ) , and 2 077 when lowest ( 1844 ); in the spring of 1817 , affer trie potato failurethe to 2

      , mortality rose 506 , and remain , d 2 314 and 2-341 in the springs of 1818 and 1949 ; in 1850 it ell to 2 106 . In the spring quarter of 1851 the moitaity was at the rate of 2228 per cent , per annum , which is lower than the mortality of the three had seasons ( 1847-8 9 ) , but higher considerably than the mortality in the corresponding quarter of the seven years 1841-6 and > 8 oQ . Measles , scarlatina , smallpox , and hooping-cough were epidemic in many districts , and the chief cuusen of the high mortality .

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      MONKY MARKET AND CITY I NTttLLlG I ' . NCK . Satuiiday . Consols elosed on Monday at 96 } to 3 h > th for money and the account . The ih'wh of the Austrian Loan caused them to drop an eighth on Tuesday ; and 011 Thursday they closed at the name price , 9 o " 3 to j , both for money and the account . The closing price yesterday was CoiihoIh , 90 fl J . The fluctuations of the week huve been—CoukoIs 90 to 9 () j [; Hank Stock , 215 } to 2 MJ' ; Kxciuqucr Hills , ' 4 (> s " lo 51 m . premium .

      The Foreign Stock Market has been inactiv ,-, Sardinian Scrip attracting most at Itntion . Y . Hterdiiy the Chilian Six jut Cents ., 101 ; D . uiihh Five l \ i Cents ., 104 . J ; Dutch Two-iind-a-Hiilf prr CentN , r >[) ? g- ditto ' l'Wr per Cent . ( ViUliuiiteH , 5 ) 3 } ; M ,-xi . . ii liunds ' 31 ^; ditto for account , 15 lh iuHtant , 31 J , 31 , J ; l > ,, rtii gucKc Five perCent . Converted , 1 KU , Small Bonds 34 j Run . fan Four-und-uHalf per Cents ., 101 ; Sardinian F ' ivo per Centa ., 85 ; ditto scrip , , „ ,- , 1 t \\ t , p ; ir , pr « m . ; Spanish Active Five , ptr < V » t * 21 $ }• ditto Three per CentB ., 381 .

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      inr-r i M FOREIGN FUNDS . ( Last Official Quotation during the Week ending Friday Evening . ) ° ' Austrian 5 per Cents . — Mexican r > » , »» r-t * ' 011 Belgian BdL , 4 * p . Ct . 93 ? — -i ^ Smlll "' H Brazilian 5 per Cents . 90 | Neapolitan 5 per Cents — Buenos Ayres 6 p . Ct 8 . - Peruvian 44 per Cent ?* — Chilian 6 per Cent ? ... 104 Portuguese 5 pe » -Cent 87 * Danish 5 perCent « . .. 104 $ 4 tierPi » VaI Dutch 2 J per Cents ... 59 . 1 aSSS ! f 4 per Cents . .. 93 | Kus 8 ian , 1822 , 44 p . eta . 101 Ecuador Bonds .. — Span . Actives , 5 p cts 21 French 5 p . C . An . atParis 93 . 90 Passive ' « 3 p . Cts ., Julyl 1 , 56 . 20 Deferred " J .

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      SHARES . I Last Ortlcial Quotation for Week ending Friday Evenin " Kailway s . Banks . ° ' I Aberdeen .. .. 10 J Australasian .. .. 355 Bristol and Exeter .. — British North American 45 Caledonian .. .. 11 ? Colonial _ Eastern Counties .. 6 | Commercial of London .. Edinburgh and Glasgow — London and Westminster £ 8 £ Great Northern .. .. 17 £ London Joint Stock .. Great S . & W . ( Ireland ) — National of Ireland .. — I Great Western .. .. 854 National Provincial .. Lancashire and Yorkshire 81 Provincial of Ireland .. 43 ; Lancaster and Carlisle 51 Union of Australia .. 35 J Lond ., Brighton , &S . Coasi 94 i Union of London .. 131 London and Blackball .. 6 | MrNF . 8 . London and N .-Western 12 o Boldnos .. .. Midland 43 ? Brazilian Imperial .. - _ North Rritish .. .. fij Ditto , St . John del Eey 19 * South-Kastern and Dover — Cobre Coppor .. .. 3 < J& South-Western .. .. — Miscellaneous . Vork . Xewcas ., & Berwick 19 Austr .-ili in Agricultural Vork and North Midland 50 Canada _ Docks . General Steam .. .. East and West India .. — Penins . &Oriental Steam 6 'P ' - '""' on — Royal Mail Steam .. — ^ t . katliariue .. .. — outh Australian ..

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      CORN EXCHANGE . Mahk-lanb , August 1 . —English and Foreign Wheat as Monday ; Foreign taken more freely . Floating eargoes in good lequest , at Is . defline . Eeans and " Peas ready sale , at Monday's rates . Ji . irley fully a 3 dear , I wiih Urg .- supplies of Russian O . its , and dealers deterniinpd tint to purchase except on lower terms . Thev have drcl ; ued again to the lowest point noted ahout a fortnii » ht ago , and , tlie bulk of the Archangels being yet j to arrive , it seems probable we may have a further lall . I Arrivals from July 25 to August 1 . English . Irish . Foreign Wheat .. .. 2440 . 13 , 490 Uarley .. .. 8 , 810 Oats 50 5 S . Flour .. .. 1730 9 8 ' 20

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      Aug . 2 , 185 L ]

      ® i > i Header .

      737

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      f HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . ( From the Registrar-General ' s Report . ) The deaths in the metropolitan districts , which in either of the two previous weeks hardly exceeded 870 , again show an increase , for in the week ending last Saturday they rose to 956 . In the same week of 18 * 9 cholera was rapidly spreading , and swelled the amount t 1931 ; but setting aside that year , and taking the corresponding weeks of other years in the series 1841-50 , it appears that the lowest number was 749 in 1843 , and the highest 1201 in 1848 , and within the weeks subject to comparison the amount did not in general exceed 900 .

      Cmumerrid Mains.

      Cmumerrid Mains .

      Untitled Article

      BRITISH KIlNDrt I Oil TUK PAST WKICW . ( Cloning Pi ires . ) S ' nttir . Miiml . 'i ' m \ i . , ff ' nln . ' ilmts l- ' riil Rank Htock iilM yi . V { »{!> > : >[ ,, t ¦ -.- , , .,, - , . 'J |» -r Ct . K .-. I .. !( 7 ii ' . ' " 4 ' ¦ >'<{ D-i Vi \ " {> , [ : \ p . c . Ciiii . aiih . « . )(; , { iw ; : j ;><;/? <» . 1 < , (;; . < j rij t |> . ( -. An . I 7 i ? lj . - . - . . . . . '' _ 1 ;« i > . Cl . < :,. „ ., Ao . > M > . \ < M * ' . >(;;• • , <;¦( , <„;• <» , ; . ¦ M l > - ( 't ) iit . All . <)<» Wi < IS | « tni 1 « h- "in ' NdwipcrCli . ... .. . I _ . ' . ' ' " l . ontr Ann .. IHIJO <) -1 ! ; , ... liKl . ' Ht . KMp . ot . aii . - | y , ; j . A . __!? _ > f > Ditto iWiudH .. « -j ,, r , s it . v ; i > :, , 1 ;„; „ Kx itiiiH 1000 / . ft * (> m ,, ; , „ , J ) 0 , . „ , , .,,, 1 , " m * i . - > VJ '' M « ' M '' ! M v ---- w I Ditto . HnittU M ,. fti ,, ;>(» ,, ; , « ,, 4 U i > 4 M .

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      GRAIN , Mark-lane , Aug . 1 . Wlwat , R . New 40 s . to 41 s . Maple 30 a . to 32 j . l * > ne 41 —42 Wliite 01 —2 : ") OKI 43 —44 Boilers 2 ( i — 28 ^ > "lu 43 —41 Beans , Ticks . .. a 5 —27 ' ¦' me 41 —47 Old i > 8 — 'J 9 Superior New 44 — 47 Indian Corn 2 S . ( I »><• 24 — l > r > Oats , Fvoil 17 —18 Uarlev 22 —21 l-ine 18 — I < J Maltniir 2- > — 2 G Poltind 20 —21 Malt , Ord 48 —Cm ) fine 21 — 2 > , Vine r > 0 — 53 Potato . .. 20 - Peas , Uos * 28 — 21 ) I'ine 21 —SI

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      KLOUK . I ' oivn-mvile i-cr sack ; t 7 rf . to ito * Sm : onds ;{(; _ sji ' Kst- « x and . SulFolk , on board siii |> : ' , 2 ; i 4 Norf ' . iiii ,-iml Stockton 2 'J . 'il A 'i c . ii-. in p , r Imrrol 20 — 21 (" an . rI : iv j >() ^>| ^' licutcii ]< read , 7 d . tin ; 41 I > . loaf . lli . usclu . lds , r » . ^< l .

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      ( JKXKKAL AVKKA <; K I'KICK <)!• ' GRAIN . Wukk ICndini . July 20 . linptiiul <; e » erul Wi-ckly Av « : rai ; e . u Ixat 42 s . fid . Ry « 27 m 0 . 1 Harl . y 2 f > 7 IJeans ;\> ' ; $ " Oatd 22 0 IVuh - JH 1 A !» 'fri !« fiit « ' Average of tlit ; . Six \ V » ' (; kn . Client 4- _> . Oil . I Rye ^ 8 ^ 8 , 1 Uiirlry i » r » a I Uvitna . ' 51 « J * ° " > " 132 0 1 I ' . 'as "' -rt ( V

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      1 'IIOM TIIK LONDON OAZKTTK .

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      Tuesday , July 29 . V .. IIiuutiNu , Trinity-street ., Houtliwark , inanufa < -lnriiiL ' clifiniMt , to HUiifiulcr August . 7 and Scjtl (> inli « M- 1 ) ; Holi .-. itor , Mr . Wood , l- ' alcon-Hti-i-rt , Alihirx ^ att : ; ollu-. iul at « sipn «« ' Mr . ' ( ami . n , liircliiii-liuii ! . Cornhill J . Limiiikii , Klrand , ^ tatuiirr , August H , Sc | il . ciiil ) cr II and 12 ; solicitor , Mr . Smith , KusiiiKltitll Htif .-t . ; ollic . iil aHsi » ni't :, Mr . Wliitinoi o , Hasinsjhall-Htn ; t" lf- Kkki'imj . Ky . l .-, Houthainploii , w atolnn . iK . T , August 7 , H (|) t « M < . l ) t : r 11 ; y oli . itor , Mr . \ Vhitliiif > 't «> n , Di-un-Nlr . rl , l"iiisl » . iiy-b < | iii \ rc ; olli .: iitl at-si . | ici- M ,-. Whilm . iK- , Uasinffhall-r ( reel — K . ( Jvrii . i , Aylcnlord . Kent , -roc .-r . / Vug-lint <> . St > pt ( iinht : r (>; solicit .. i ;; , Mohhih . Wilton an . I llI . tcKnian , R . ) iuiuid ' ti-l ) iii | dii ) s { : i , (» i ay " h inn-Hijiiai «•; olliciul aiiii ^ iif . ' , . Mr . Slan -I " . I . I - W . l . ivv , W liit .-. ' s-mw , SpitallSt-l . hi , n ' i ; i < u-111111 "i .-uuiliclmci- , Aii !» unl 1 , Ni-piciiil . ri ( i ; ! : - oli » -itors , M « ' r . Jt-iikiii ^ oii , Kivr « : lin < f , and JcnK ius . in , l . oinljui'd-. ifrrrl ; o / lic : i : il at- ' . iipin- , Mr . SanslVl . l _ . A . HintoN , l ' orf iin . nidi , k ( : ( - tioiicf , Au > : \ i t . O , HcptiiiiWcr ti ; iiolicitoi'M , Mcthiv . \\ < ir ami ¦' ¦ nii'li , < < M )|) cr ' t' -ltiill , itasiii ^ liall-iitiiM-l ; oliicial atsi ^ nr . . Me . (• i '; . h . iiu -- i :. Davis , Northampton , < iuii < i . Anfrn-l . ( i . . 'icplcnilMT (> ; nolicilor , Mr . 11 . illi , AitilJi'i ) - jiI . k'c wrs ' , 1-iiiMlniry ; odicial atisw-j him- , i \< r . ( irali .-ini - --T . Iiium and V . \ V a nos'I'ikicii'v , l . iv . 'i-ponl , In . ikcrii . Aiifjimt 7 , S . | i |< iiiIici •> ; Holi < itiu , Mourn . Sliat ]) , liflil , ami . laiiknon , liiiiidon ; : ¦ : i > l Mi ' - 'Hrn . Miller and I ' crl , I . ivci pool ; < lll < : ia ( ausi . ii .. ' , Mr . Hir . l , l , iv « ijio <>| - |{ . Ml . vrii , \ V . \\ i I . " , nnil . l . II . H . UiliKH , Tniii . lull , Sliill ' i « i . l : 'liiic , iioiiiiia ilivs , . Aiiu'it-t /(> , Si- |> - Ii-iiiln-r 2 ; s .. icitoi ; , , Mih-is . Sluiicr , Dilall . and lini ^ lil , Nr « - (• ... .. t . lc-nu < lri-l . } ii < - ; mid Mr : 'Im . Mol trriini , Kiii ;; li « , »"'' ' ¦¦"'¦'"' ¦ . r . iiinii .-liain ; ' olllcial uhhi - kiicc . Mr . \' .. ' c . V , / I / mii | ii « » miii I . J . Ivinii , . M . mrp ,, ! . iin . kr . ' ,,,- ! , An-.,, I 13 , H ; I . ii . h . 'i ¦ ' ;¦ ' !" rilor . Mr Wal . ' . n Ntoorporl ; an . lA / r . 1 / ... I . ;* " > H . r . nin ¦ : U : i , n ; olll ¦ I .. I i .-m . ¦ ... ¦!¦ , Mr . Wliilinor .-, H i . i . » i .. ;; ti i .... l > . I . ( I i . l . l I'M , C . uM . ir . li » .: ; i . lu . | . « -i- . A . i i « . 'I . «;« . S .,. l . o , t ., rl < ; ...-.. . « .. ¦ Al ,. ll . v . ui I 1 m : IoI ; ollloiitl a . Hitn . r .. ' , M .. A . i ; . u . aii '"'« ' •"'— ' ¦ - > A \ v , ,. „ , „ ,,. ¦ „„ 1 MiilH . ,,.- « r Tu » l-i .. < -k , »'"'«" - ¦} "" !* ' : > "'l'l « ' «» H" - Ih ; hojicitor , Mr . Mn - ortliy , I'OiiK'iitJ "; " ' ' »"';> km-, Mi . || ,,.

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 2, 1851, page 737, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1894/page/21/