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Leader (1850-1860), 2nd August 1851, Edition Town of 2, Page 736, Untitled Article

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    • dDrgnmjirfiniui nf tjjt Ifstsaftt, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL.
    • (Djmt CmrariL —^——
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      Untitled Article

      your past misfortunes . The Polish People , to constitute its future life , must eradicate their very roots . Let all traditional hostility disappear from amongst us ; let a grand moral fusion be worked out in a holy common idea ; let the young nationality of the Peoples efface the old dynastic and aristocratic nationalism . Races are now for us only the functionaries of humanity . The hatred which was engendered in the corrupted air of palaces , is unknown in the poor man ' s cottage , in the republican assembly composed of those who have been cradled in the same national songs . The air which circulates amongst the ranks of the People bears with it not hatred but love .

      Germans , Sclavonians , Latins , we have all but one single aim—liberty , association , justice . There are now but two . camps in Europe . Whosoever should attempt to raise a solitary tent between these two camps , would meet with vengeance on the one side , and neglect and indifference on the other . Poles , brothers ! Aristocracy , the country of caste , has perished for you . It perished at Targowica . It was of that country Kosciusko spoke , if it be true that falling he exclaimed , " Finis Poloniae . " Arise to new life in equality , in the country of all , in the Nation j and each European race and People will extend to you with enthusiasm a brother ' s hand .

      You have brought a grand idea into the worldthe federation of the Sclavonian Peoples . The reign of Boleslas the Great witnessed its birth ; your Aristocracy was unable to comprehend it . By its culpable inaction , it allowed the power of initiative , which this idea should have given you , to perish ; like every Aristocracy , it centred its life within itself , and never departed from it , save in the interest of its own egotism .

      Everywhere , abroad as at home , even in the Russian lands , * the first halting-place of those barbarians who went , unconsciously , to receive the consecration of Rome—caste-nationality—by oppressing , tyrannizing , and stifling the popular inspiration—abdicated the grand mission of Poland . That grand mission must now be renewed , through popular inspiration . The Peasant himself must realize that which the " King of the Peasants " foresaw .

      We have said a federation of Sclavonian Peoples , not Panslavism . Pauslavism is a pantheistic unity ; it is not the world of liberty . A monstrous conception—the issue of military despotismwhich all Europe would repulse : has it not been given the lie , in 1825 , even on the banks of the Newa ? Pauslavism is the Czar . It is not with him , but with the martyrs of Russian liberty—Pestal , MurawiefF , Bestuzew , and their companions , that the Polish People can , and should be , reunited .

      What is now w anting to Poland ? An initiative . The day on which , with the full comprehension of her mission , . she shall assume her position as an initiative people—that day she will be saved . Poles ! wherefore should it not be thus ? Why should not the watchword ot the Sclavonian world be given by you ? Why should not Warsaw be the Home of the North—the centre and focus of the northern races , as Rome has been of those of central and southern Europe : ' While France and Italy organize an alliance in the bosom of the Gro ; co-Latin races—while an inward thrill

      announces the unification of the ( Jennanic world , why should not Poland be united with the Hungarians—her friends of old—in the name of the services she has already rendered to Europe ' / and in the name of her long martyrdom , raise the fiery cross of ( he last bat lie , and shout the last watchword which shall resound along every despotic frontier , even to the eastern shores of the Adriatic 7 Eor this all that is wanting is to will . To

      will strongly and unceasingly—to will in every limb and at every hour of the day—to will in love , sacrifice , and constancy . Will then , and onwards . Europe begins to believe you exhausted by the struggle of IH . 'JO . Kcpcat to Europe the words of Key tan : — " There is no despot strong- enough to shake me , nor artful enough to corrupt me . " For the Central European Democratic Committee , Li : duo Roi . un . A . Ruuk . J . IVlAZZINI . I ) . BllATJANO . A . Dakasz . jLondoii , July , 1861-

      Ddrgnmjirfiniui Nf Tjjt Ifstsaftt, Political And Social.

      dDrgnmjirfiniui nf tjjt Ifstsaftt , POLITICAL AND SOCIAL .

      Untitled Article

      SOCIAL AND DEMOCRATIC WRITING . The suggestions here offered have no relation to the usual correspondents or writers to the newspapers , whose proficiency and power are established ; but are addressed to that increasing class of the people who are beginning to express their strong opinions and personal wrongs through the medium of the press . When a man exchanges the hammer for a penand the anvil for a desk , it is not to be

      , wondered at if he betrays some unskilfulness . He will forge out his iron better than he will his thoughts , and , as a consequence , what he produces may not be deemed workmanlike in a literary sense , and so be refused . This the writer will put down to the caprice or politics of the editor , who declines his wellintended communications . He will never suspect his own want of skill . The purpose of this letter is to explain the matter a little .

      Every attempt at expressing opinion , however ill it may succeed , is a part of the process of self-education , and often the only mode available to the poor . Whatever shall render this more practicable and common among the people does good , and to this end a few rules are submitted , for the guidance of the uninitiated who attempt writing for the press . In these days of the growth , of Organizations , reports of their proceedings and expressions of their opinions are valuable . The pen and the tongue are the new weapons of the popular warfare , and the multitude must be trained in their use . Fortunately there is no direct law against "drilling" the populace to the use of these " arms . " !

      Nearly all persons who have penned a letter or an article , afterwards desire to see it in print . Literature is a Republic where all eminence is honourable ; for though some may obtain admission by force of wealth , none can maintain station except by force of genius . But by reason of the necessary conditions of admission being overlooked , many sustain disappointment which to them is inexplicable . Such persons may possibly profit by the following directions . "Writers too eager to wait on method , or whose genius disdains the observance of rules , can , of course , accomplish success in their own way ; but to the less fortunate a practical word may be useful , and to those only do I speak : — 1 . Use note-size paper , because a large sheet covers the printer ' s case , and hinders his work . ; ;

      2 . Do not write on the back of the paper , as that doubles the time of printing the article—while one side is being " set up , " what is written on the back cannot be " gone on with . " 3 . Write with dark black ink ; for an editor will read with reluctance what he sees with difficulty ; and the compositor , for the same reason , will dislike to set it up . 4 . Always write a plain bold hand . Some hands which are elegant are too elegant to be understood . If you send an indistinguishable scrawl , it will be thrown aside until the editor has leisure to make it out , which may not be until the " interest of the article has passed awa }' , " and it may be too late to print it .

      5 . Remember that , whatever gives an editor trouble at his desk , doubles his expense in the printing-office . The Printers and Readers waste time in deciphering bad MS . ; and out of any failure in interpretation , commonly grows a charge against the journal for " misrepresenting" the writer . 0 . If you know that the editor will take any trouble to oblige you , why give him any trouble you please . If you are rich and can wend the printers a guinea lor milking out your letter , you may scrawl like a

      gentleman ; if you have a great name , so that the responsibility of anything you write ill will attach to yourself and not reflect on the paper , express yourself how you please ; you may scribble with a pin on your butter paper , and the editor will try to make it out ; but if the editor is under no obligation to you , if you have no guineas to spare , if you are not bo popular that anything must be printed that bears your name , why cleave to good sense , good taste , correct expression , and a plain hand .

      7 . Never fear , an home do , that an editor will omit or abridge your communication without cause . If it have value he will bo glad of it . If it be , as all relations of facts ought to be , briefly told , without declamation , digression , or imputation , it will bo impoMMtil , ' to abridge if . A well-written letter , or narrative in incapable of being altered or ubreviated for the better . Hardly anything is ever refused , on whatever side written , ii well done . The artistic taste ol an editor for the literary perfection of hi . s paper it * a ruling pasHum stronger than personal feeling , or political prejudice ; and next the love of fair play , he is attracted by that , which in well done .

      These rules are given for the guidance of those who Bond occasional communications to the ooteiimorary press , and are not to bo understood an intend * d for the correspondents of the Leader . I have no instructions whatever from the editor of this paper to refer to thi » Bubject . That gentleman will , no doubt , defy

      both the laws of nature and of necessity in deciphering letters which need deciphering—he will persist , as a patriotic editor is expected to do , in seeing what cannot be seen , and in reading caligraphy which cannot be read , as often as he is favoured with such . But , should any one write to other papers , whose editors are under the usual limits of time and patience and optical laws , it may be as well to consult their infirmities . Ion .

      Untitled Article

      NationAii Chartist Association . —In consequence of the public meeting at the National Hall , on Wednesday evening , July 30 , the adjourned meeting of the Executive Committee is postponed until Wednesday evening , August 6 . —John Arnott , Gen . Sec . Redemption Society . —Propagandism is still in the ascendant . A camp meeting was held last Sunday on Holbeck-moor , Leeds , which was addressed by Messrs . D . Green , T . Arandall , and R . Jones . At the conclusion of Mr . Arandall ' s address , Mr . Joah Mallinson , Wesleyan Association preacher , stated that he felt it his duty to attend the meeting , in order to warn the working-classes against the " Redemption bubble . " He

      declined entering into any proof of the truth of his charges against the society at that meeting ; but stated that he was prepared to meet any member of the society , at any time , and in any place , and there make good those charges . A bill was issued on Monday in which Dr . F . R . Lees accepts his challenge , and appoints the discussion to take place in the Music-hall , on Wednesday evening , July 30 , the proceeds to go to the Leeds Infirmary . Mr . W . Campbell , of Leeds , delivered a lecture in support of the objects of the Society in the Marketplace , Huddersfield , on Sunday afternoon . The meeting was well attended . He also lectured in the Christian Brethren ' s Room in the evening . Mr . Henderson is

      engaged to give two lectures m the lemperance-hall , Dukinfield , on Sunday , August 3 , and one in the Temperance-hall , Hyde , on Monday , August 4 , on the Principles and Present Position of the Society . Moneys received for the week : —Leeds , £ 1 0 s . 3 d . ; Worcester , per M . Jones , 10 s . lOd . ; Halifax , per R . Buckle £ 3 18 s . 5 £ d . ; Hyde , per J . Bradley , 10 s . 4 d . ; Building Fund , Leeds , 17 s . ; R . Hollingsworth , 10 s . ; Nottingham , per W . Smith , 14 s . ; Drigglington , per Mr . Clay ton , 5 s . ; Hyde , per J . Bradley , 5 s . 6 d . ; Moses Hadfield 5 s . ; Horsforth , G . B ., Is . 6 d . ; Propagandist Fund , Leeds , Is . 4 d . ; Halifax , 3 s . [ 9 d . —J . Henderson , Sec , 162 , Briggate , Leeds . The Shakers of New Lebanon . —We have been favoured with the perusal of a letter by David Frazer , of Columbia , to Alexander Campbell , of Aldermanbury , London . It is too long and discursive for insertion , but the writer bears testimony that , after eighteen years ' experience , he finds abundant reason to be satisfied with the state of society he finds there , which is in every respect the reverse of the one he left in England .

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      • That part of Kuuaia lying between the Dnieper uiul the Dniester .

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      736 « f > * % t * %$ t * ^ [ Saturday , . _ — ¦ ¦¦¦ I ¦ I I ' ¦ ¦¦¦ iiiiiwi ll ^ nn '"" I -

      (Djmt Cmraril —^——

      ( Djmt CmrariL —^——

      Untitled Article

      , flN THIS DEVAIITMI ' . NT , AS AM . OPINIONS , IIOWBVKIt HXTIIEMK , AUK ALLOWKU AN KXV 11 BSMIUN , T 1 IK KIMTOH NHOltSSABILY 1 IOLDB 1 IIMSKI . F RH . SVONiiIIH . lt l'Olt NONK- ]

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      There ia no learned man but will coiif ' osa lie hnt . h much profited by- reading controversies , his RenucB awakened , and Ins judgment sharpened . If " , then , it , be profitable for him to j cikI , why should it not , at , leual , be toleruble for hia ndversury to write . —Milton .

      Untitled Article

      LAND AND POPULATION . July 21 , lfifil . Siu , —In a recent letter to yon I stated as follows the law of return to capital and labour bestowed on land : ¦—•• The law of return to capital and labour employed upon laud is , that , in any given state of agricultural knowled ge and skill , an increase in the capital ami labour employed is not attended witli u proportionate increase in the produce : by doubling the labour you do not double the produce ; or , if you double the nroduce , you nrnut do more than double the labour . The proof which I gave of the truth of this lawnamely , the fact , that tut population inoreaseH worse land ia obliged to be brought under cultivation ; and the plain inference from that fuct , that the margin has been readied , where , under existing agricultural fckill , the better sortu of land can be made to yield , by additional labour , a proportionate additional produce ;—this proof , I say , Mr . Pare " respectfully HubmitB is no proof at ull ; " " for , " Hay » he , "iti » evident that 10 . It ., like a true political economist of the competitive wchool , asHumen that the present form of society is the true one . " To thia I reply by » ay-

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  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 2, 1851, page 736, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1894/page/20/