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    Untitled Article

    John Mill has recognized this effect of what he nafaes " custom . " The experience of the Rappites hdWever , independentl y of the religious influence S ^ ° ? n B * them together , the illustration of the fchettield workhouse , and many personal experiences which must occur to the candid man , all tend to the conclusion that competition is neither the sole no- the principal incentive to work ; but that a satis- j faction in doing that which is right , love of approbation , and many other motives equally concur

    Another presumption is , that by means of competition , production not only attains its greatest amount , but most fitly suits the wants of the people at a given time . This presumption is disproved by the enormous waste which takes place in trade under the competition for custom , and by the unmistakeable fact which stares us in the face that large numbers of people are unfed , while large numbers are out of work , and large extents faCts i M- "nCi ! ItivatJjd ° r half «¦!«* . & . Such facts establish , beyond a doubt , the further fact , i that competition fails to direct industry , or to extract from it the largest possible amount .

    The fundamental principle of Cooperation , Association , Communism , or whatever you please to call n , w Concert . Adam Smith showed the superior productive power of what he called " division of abour "; Edward Gibbon Wakefield showed « dl ' JnT f ° ? ° lah ° V necessary to the JrfT ? ° - em Pj ° ^ ments i to which canon I * * J , l 3 L ^ .. ? cure the ™ Profit of dvidd it is

    * 1 e ,, emp ^ yments , necessary that there should be « concert in division of employment " Thu is the real definition of the principle . The statement that it renders the principle of assurance universal , describes the effect Vather than defines ? he pnncipIe . There are various modes in which any principle may be applied ; but in respect of the larger schemes for converting the whote of society into a cooperative system , it has alwavs mnmr ~ iZ

    Sd « to ™ kl DOt / et att 3 ined efficient know ledge to make laws for so totally altered a condition , of society . Having ascertained the oWi mical principle , our business is to apply h as mfsmi SSsSiVfe'S . wsS

    mmm for tl 1 fr u restrict i ° ns « n labour , facilities ^ S ^/ S ^ JS ^ all the great branches of employments — esueciillv £ S = t ^« M ^ S- £ S ? menu of a sound W i ,, licll „ ? ,,, „ „ ' ' . ° f ¦* » ' ¦ -

    S ^^ aAfiSS

    m ^ mp ^ already In Z Lit , , ° I ) le ' th * cla 88 e « which w . 11 not oriZulwit f ™ ' ^ tho country , those who ( Crul cliliiti M ^ ovh , I join with -uffrage to the wl | ° TT" ? f the P" « a » ncntary f « ar 8 with wWeh , ° y ° f the nation' T »« W aliat « 1 ; . ?* ' lnea « Ure b ? ^ en viewed than

    «* pccta ncy with wlXl fl i " ^^ tho lw : « cve , indee , Z ¦ fth ° ? ' »» nanti , view it : I f"tur « " le erl ' T 1 > OIntH * sha 11 furthw illustrate in lo »» ha . uh 1 ° ^ Inaler 1 ialH a ™ continually growing llll « explaiK o , ' UU ( ^ r 8 tand ' » y general drift for » wuH . Yours , moat Hincerely , I Thornton Hunt . I

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    The death of Dr . Lingard is a national loss . As a candid , impartial , and comprehensive historian he bequeaths to his country a work , the labour of long years , which may be pronounced the standard History of England up to that point from which Macaulay starts . The strict fairness and

    undeviating fidelity with which the task is accomphshed without the sacrifice of a conviction the mild and tolerant principles , the large and varied learning at once discursive and profound , the lucid and ample style , render Dr . Lingard ' s History an honour to his country and to his Church , and an enduring monument to his own fame It is

    accepted by all creeds , opinions , and parties , with equal respect and admiration . The unruffled calm of this good man ' s long and unostentatious Me , the disregard of noisy celebrity , the deep love of retirement the simplicity of life and manners I which

    distinguished his character , are as delightful as they are instructive to recall ; for they evidence I he temperate nature , the mild and patient spirit I ideVT and Chastened ***«> ^ ich are the very ideal of a Christian , and the only true signification of a Catholic . That Dr . Lx . oahb sh ^ d tve been able , even in times of bitterness and into ! lerance to maintain and assert his own convictions without forfeitmg the esteem of his controversial adversaries that his death should be ouuluu llvw

    , now mourn d m » «« + ; it , oe mourned as a national bereavement , and a full voice of sympath y and honour swell around his grave is a h gh and signal proof that it is not so much thTrend ° Plni ° nS aS harsh — * imputation that rends men asunder : that truth need never nuTtv o r / " ^ ° nIythe P ™ " » ™ nuity of systems that can distort and thwart I generous and upright natures , which , left to theTr krndnt . elOPmen " bril * forth f - ° ™**

    from t LNGA ™ had * aPPi ' y lived far removed ftom the atmosphere of the Papal Court ; and so he died , as he hved , an English Catholic . May we I not Englishmen of all Churches or of none lav aside our differences for a moment at least a ' s Z stand at the grave of a brother of whose memory we are proud > May we not condescend to a S bZfnce ^ a llttle m ° ° Charit ^ f ° *

    I In another part of our columns will be found a letter from the friend and physician of Dr . LiN . gaud replymg , unnecessaril y we think , but with a natural md . gnation , to an ignoble report of we know not what obscure paper . The beloved hil tonan had long endured a painfu l malad y with the unswerving fortitude of a philosopher and a Chr ^ s ^ i ° pe r ^ " - »^ ^«^

    The latest edition of the History of Bnaland inrl we beheve the fifth was published ini ' Dolman , and iS in ten volumes . Y 1 ie latest edition of the History of Enaland inrl we beheve the fifth f was published int 4 ' Dolman , and is in ten volumes . Y V Jl ° [ and Anti < l ™ ties of the An ( jlo ZT '" r ' "" *""» " ¦»"» TELSs

    s-iKi'Tis ^ rrr ^ iu i rii , J **« 'im , tne Keverenri M . A . IncHNKv , the historian of Arundel . We have received a circular of a new wceklv mmsm We haU flu . . nnouncomcnt ^ KraUfy .

    I nomenon . A " f ! nf >« fti ; >»• - siastical santion /^ 1 ^ , " " «" 17 . - Udw «« d I tfimprekenrive split . " n ^ ln , / rMrf ""* ^ t ^ f ^ B ^ t r ^ sw ^ sa sclause however , which announces that "the theo logical department has been placed under the direction of a distinguished Doctor of Divinity

    I who will guard its doctrinal statements from error and impart to its teachings the voice of authority » A special correspondent at Rome , " capable of interesting the English world in the affairs of the Eternal City » -and , we presume , in the blessing , of Fapal government—is a prominent feature in -- tuuiuii / ut

    the prospectus . We hail all converts to "Social progres 8 "—but from so unexpected a quarter ! , - -- . — — « icttiure ir the prospectus . We hail all converts to"Socia progres 8 "—but from so unexpected a quarter ! Eugenk Pblletan , all of whose writings that we have seen do honour to French literature , and whose is

    name conspicuous in the powerful phalanx ot Lfl Presse , is now writing a series of delightful papers in the feuilleton of that journal , which he calls Profession de Foi du Dixneuvieme Stick . For vigour of thought , purity , and elegance , united to an epigrammatic concision of style and brilliant imagery , these papers , which are a kind of Story of the Progress of Humanity through successivT civilizations , are eminentl y noticeable , and well worth y of his name ; whichto our mind ithe

    , , s highest praise . "" ' " " P . J . Proudhon has just issued a new pamphlet , with the following significant title : —Idee Generate de la Revolution au IXme . SiScle The mam purpose of the treatise is an analysis of the great industrial forces of actual society , and the [ inevitable absorption of the politicl y an ceconomical regime . A new and revised edition of the much-lamented

    Frederick Bastiat ' s Harmonies Economies has just appeared , with his last additions . They f contain the entire rationale of Free-trade . Edgar Quinet has come out upon the "Re vision" question with a pamphlet , in which he ex " poses and annihilates the Bonajiartist and anti-Republican factions . . ^ " ' ^ . ^ " ^ " "' ^ ^ - ^ -er on prcciourf stones btradewho

    y , was president of the ££ gated work und Loui 8 Bi anc , comm . ie at the Luxembourg , has written on the Ouvriers de Paris , a series of papers first published , we be . eve m the Bistre Universel , and now in a ct lected form . He is at present , we are informed L London , on a visit to the Exposition . Emilb Souvestrb ' h name appears ^ tl editor of the Confessions d ' Ou ^ l i tur

    un ? n £ ! gUnce at these confessions we trace the influence ° <« < Lt ~ Sand > b c ° ™ ™ i *' r 2 v— " - " » o * un ner . From a ghnce at these confessions we trace the influenc Ln ~ " C " W >»™ <** Tour 2 M . Mohkau CiiursTorii ^ has just completed the third and ast volume of kis Solution duPrZ bleme de la Mistre . The last volume treats of 'pauperism in modern times . « e treats of o ^ X ^^ Z ^^ ^ . ^ - ^ iy ^

    Louis P . i , * . 7 ' "innate friend of ICr / 1 " ' ' ' f *>' 'nerly a deputy of the ^ { -- ^ - Mi ^^^/ X ' tV ^ irt ° narChie in thi - " ¦™«« t , lcS from the same party , and then ask La qwU , f Ihese tedious chapters of the Bordeaux vLirole I departnent which in the

    , reactionary fury of 1848 and , t 8 disgust for republican institution * actually hesitated between offering alliance to the Queen Ol Vjnirlnml s * n < . * ... _ . " /• ¦ . . „ , ' , - ' "" '" " »« reactionary fury « f 1848 and , t 8 disgust for republican institutions actually hesitated between offering alliance to the Queen or England or forming a fc / eraJ atato under the dictatorshi p of Marshal Hums a vd

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    Critics are not the legislators , but the iudcM an * ~ v S ^ Sce t ^ i ^^^^^

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    July 26 , 185 l . J

    « fte &eahet .

    705

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), July 26, 1851, page 705, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1893/page/13/