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    tive terms with her rival , and thus complete her political treachery and her national dishonour , she finally aliens from her all liberal Germany , she abandons the only possible intermediate position between the two great camps—Cossack and Republican—into which Europe becomes definitively divided . What political man does not recognize here the inevitable convulsion that must ere long ensue ? And whenever the signal may be given , the movement will be simultaneous through Europe ; not as in 1848 , merely by a common instinct and by the force of example , but by a common understanding with a prearranged unity of aim and concert of support . It is to this , thanks to the deliberate intentions of Russia , and to the blindness or treachery of statesmen and dynasties elsewhere , that Europe is now hastening .

    In that common , mutually supported European movement , the victory , for better or worse , for a time or to endure , of the national party in Italy , and the consequent establishment of a national government , are matters of course Apart from ail question , of sympathy , we have to deal with the question of fact . And it is with such a prospect , making common cause with Democratic parties throughout Europe , and actively concerning itself in their practical common organization , as well as relying on its own vitality , and labouring specially for victory itself , that the Italian . National Party boldly , yet deliberately , appeals to all countrymen or foreigners whose sympathies it possesses , to subscribe to its national loan .

    This consciousness of a future on the part of the Italian National Party is nowhere more manifest than in the document which we present to-day . It is a protest against the loan which A ustria is endeavouring to raise in Lombardy on the security of the revenue of her Italian provinces , which is likely to be of practical influence in confirming its failure . The committee declares that the nation will not recognize the loan ; it declares that the attempt to make it a part of the Monte Lombardo-Veneto is inconsistent with the obligations which Austria took upon herself in the treaty of 1815 , and in direct contradiction of her self-imposed constitution of March . Two flaws are thus laid bare in the security which the

    bankrupt state pretends to pledge . But the committee protests against the Austrian loan on wider grounds ; the nation , it declares , will never adopt any loans imposed by a foreign power like Austria , or by a Government like the Pope ' s , maintained by the force of foreign arms . Voluntary aid to Austria is proclaimed an offence punishable by the future nation , and the committee asks for the names of those Italians who commit this act of treason to their country , that they may now and henceforth hold up the ir names to national obloquy . The only circumstances in which Italy or Jjombardy can recognize the claims of creditors under the loan are the absolutely compulsory enforcement of it by Austria . Austria finds already that she cannot find volunteers in Lombardy for

    her loan , and she threatens to make it compulsory ; but she would evidently much desire that that threat should bring her the voluntary aid which is hitherto not forthcoming . This hope becomes now impossible ; she must dispense with the money she requires , or raise it by positive compulsion , and render herself more than ever odious to Lombardy . Against treaties , against her own constitution , Austria will find it impossible to raise her Loinbardo-Venetian loan . Not so with that which the National Italian Party puts forth . Novel and daring as is their experiment there is clearly enough in the considerations which we have indicated to induce the contributions of those who are willing to risk something for their country .

    In other countries , and especially here , it is another question ; we are not in the habit of dealing in moral securiues ; but prefer the semblance of a real security , however valueless or uncertain it may be ; and our smaller contributors are accustomed to follow the lead of the great capitalists , whose fortunes are bound up with the existing dynasties of Europe . We may , nevertheless , begin by and bye to discover that loans on illegal security to a bankrupt state usurping dominion in a foreign soil , or to a Pope kept on his throne by French bayonets , are even worse speculations than advances to a future republic .

    If our Protestantism were as glorious an incarnation of the principles of the Reformation , and as lofty an aspiration for the spiritual emancipation as Lord John Russell would have us believe , we might indeed find other reasons for adopting the most practical mode of aiding the political and religious emancipatory movement of Italy . But with the religious indifference which , consciously or unconsciously , pervades our society , our Protestantism has lost its true character of a proclamation of worldwide principles of religious liberty and spiritual progress , and has sunk to be the rallying sign of a sect . Political antagonism is with us a stronger motive than religious than

    aspiration ; DemocracyhfFrights us more Popety . We repel the advances of the latter power on our own shores as a personal offence ; but we have no effective sympathy for the struggles of a nation on which foreign force has , with selfish treachery , reimposed the absolute ? temporal as well as spiritual dominion of priestcraft . Thr ? Pope ; is the tool of renction abroad , but the alternative is Democracy ; let him , therefore , have free room to work , so lout * as he trouble us not at homo . This is a disreputable morality ; it shows our Protestant outcry not only selfish but ridiculous , and it stamps on us the too well merit ' d imputation of religious iuditt ' orence .. If we would suvo ourselves from the adverse judgment of

    history we must look a little closer , in spite of ourrepugnancc , into the movement of Democracy abroad in connection with the question of the spiritual emancipation of humanity . Let the religious Protestant public do their duty by tin ' s question , even should it result in resizing the imagination of our French neighbours , recently quoted by the Times , that the Italian Loan had been taken up by the Protestant clorgy of Great Britain .

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    WORKING ASSOCIATIONS OF PARIS . Association- Frateiixelle et Solidaiue des ouviiiehes ex casquette 8 . This is an association of women for making men ' s caps ; their establishment is in the lower part of the Rue St . Denis , No . 102 , in a little room about 15 ft . by 10 ft ., on the first floor , which you reach by ascending one of those customary dark , narrow staircases . On entering , by a low doorway , we observed in the middle of the room a deal table on trestles , with two or three caps , and the materials for making

    others , lying upon it . At this table was seated a pale , sickly-looking young woman , at work on a cloth cap ; a smile passed over her countenance on seeing my companion , the gerant of the Tailors ' Association ; the mild , patient expression of her face , the silvery tone of her voice as she saluted us with the usual bonjour , citoyens , completely interested me in her favour . At her request we sat down in the two remaining rush-bottomed chairs of the room , when I perceived against one of the walls a number of shelves , containing caps of every variety of form and material . Having selected one for my own use , I asked how it was she was alone on the establishment , and was informed that about a week previously the gerante and another member had gone to a meeting of representatives from other associations , for the purpose of conversing on their own affairs , and arranging for a grand association of all trades . Scarcely had they assembled when the police pounced upon them , sent them off to prison , to the number of twenty-six , seized upon their papers , and the next day there appeared in the reactionary journals a long paragraph about the elfscovery of a secret society , in

    connection with certain associations , and seizure of numerous papers , though , what the objects of the secret society , or what the papers were , the paragraph did not state , leaving it to be inferred by the casual reader that they were of a political and revolutionary character , than which nothing could be more untrue . Such are the means employed by this Government of hatred to prevent the working classes from raising themselves . The effects of such a proceeding may easily be conceived : the members

    hurried off to prison , the atelier closed , and the papers and books scaled up by the police ; so that in a fortnight all business is gone and the association ruined . In the present instance the effect was to terrify the remainder of the cap-makers , and prevent them from , coining to the ateliers ; so that each worked at her own house , while ono only remained on the premises . The number of members , including the two in prison , was seven , who formed themselves into a society in the beginning of 1819 , and have had to struggle through the usual difficulties .

    They have been able , nowevcr , - sclves independent , and free from the dangers and temptations that beset young women in large towns ; and , though not a flourishing society , they are a remarkable instance of what may be done on the associative principle , when aided by determination , fortitude , and steady industry , even by poor defenceless women . While we were conversing with our amiable and intelligent hostess , a man entered the room with a bundle ; he was the husband of the gerante , had just come from the prison where she was confined , and brought with him portions of work which she had been doing for the association . He explained that the condition of the women in the prisons was very tolerable , being allowed free communication with each other , and with their friends ; but such was not the case with tho men who were confined on suspicion . They wore kept in solitary confinement , and allowed but an hour or two of exercise in a corridor where they could speak with their friends , only through an iron grating , and in presence of an officer . These unfortunate , unoffending men and women were subsequently liberated on bail , some paying 200 f . ; but others objected to the sum , bargained with tho authorities , and were let out for lOOf , or oven 60 f ., as they afterwards discovered on comparing notea ! Can a people respect a Government that stoops to bueh low , jcw-prtictices ?

    My friend and I purchased our cups , and took our leave with mingled feelings of indignation and respect . So much were our cap- * admired on our return to England , that we might have sold u considerable number if we hud brought them .

    The Musical-instuumisnt Make us Are a very flourishing association . They make- nil kinds of instruments in brass and wood—us trumpets , horns , ophicloidcs , flutes , iltigoohts , &c . Commenced ths 1 st of July , 18-18 , with u small capitul and under great difficulties , but are now doing a tlniving business , being employed for the army and the National Guard , arid send o ' ut n large quantity for exportation . When I visited them they were all busy at work , having an extensive order to accomplish . Wo saw till the operations , from the drawing out the tubes of brass and thus reducing their thickness , by a machine that requires the attention of on ly ono man , to the

    final polishing of the instrument . They keep a musician on the establishment to try all the instruments , and allow none to go out that is not perfect of its kind . At first they hired their machine tools and moulds , but afterwards purchased them with the profits they had made , and are now on the lookout for more convenient premises . We started one hot morning from the Faubourg St . Denis , wandered through

    a labyrinth of streets to the barriere , after which we crossed an open space , nearly sinking under a broiling sun , till we reached the summit of Montmartre , where in the Rue Muller , No . 10 , a dreary region of miserable streets , with houses half built or falling to pieces , or looking as though they never would be finished , so desolate that you might almost imagine yourself the last man , surrounded by the debris of a worn out world . Here these industrious men had

    hired a large room , something like an immense coachhouse with a small stable attached to it , now used as the counting-house . The men work altogether in this atelier , and , every one overlooking his brother , they find they can carry out the principle of equal wages without experiencing the usual disadvantages of this plan . In other respects their statutes are very similar to the other associations . From this remote hive of industry , it being now dinner-time , we proceeded to

    The Association op Cooks at the Barbibkb des Amandiers . Here we had an excellent dinner , d la carte , that is , we ordered what we liked and it was brought us ; nor could we have been better served at Itichefeu ' s , in the Palais National , either as to the quality of the viands or the attention of those waiting on us , who by the way are always addressed as citoyen . This association was established January 18 , 1849 , with the combined savings of a few cooks previously employed at the various restaurants , who began business at their present house under the sign of the National

    Flag , and have now three branch establishments ( succursales ) in Paris . Every Sunday and fete-day the house and garden is crammed with visitors . Besides a number of rooms on three different floors , some capable of holding upwards of 200 persons , and the roof of the house , a delightful spot with a splendid view of Pore la Chaise , they have a sort of teagarden filled with seats under shady bowers of lime trees and creeping plants , and a capital ball-room , out in the garden , large enough for 300 persons to dance in ; beyond this is a fruit and kitchen garden ,

    partly laid out as a vineyard , with a pleasant mound where we reclined smoking our cigars , and enjoying a fine view of the city of Paris . While sitting in the tea-gardens after dinner an interesting little girl came in with a written document in her hand , which contained a statement that her mother was ill in bed , and , her father having died , the family were without the means of support . Whether this was true I know not , but it was pleasing to see every workman to whom she showed the paper put his hand into his pocket and give her the widow ' s mite . ( Y ' o be continued . ')

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    City Mechanics' Institution , Gouxd-squaiie .- — On Monday evening a lecture was delivered at this institution by Mr . Collet , on the " Lays of Sir Walter Scott , " with musical illustrations , in which he was assisted by Miss A . Ilincks and Miss H . Morrison . One principal object of the lecturer was to bring before the public Miss Flowers' Illustrations of the Waverley Novels , which , as ho observed , are less known than they deserve to be . Judging from the attentive appreciation with

    which they were received by a numerous and highly respectable audience , it would appear that when adequately performed , as on this occasion , these Illustrations , whilst full of genius , are by no means deficient in the elements likely to ensure popularity . We must , however , observe that their effect was greatly enhanced by the artistic manner in which they were introduced and linked together by Mr . Collet , whose prefatory remarks increased the interest of each separate song by bringing its character and meaning clearly into view , like gerns whose

    beauty is rendered , more conspicuous by the setting . The Illustrations wero not confined to Miss Flowers ' works , but included several from other sources . Schubert ' s bountiful Ave-Maria was sung with much pathos and sweetness by Miss Hincks , who was also very sue ccssful in giving voice to the wild chants of Meg Mcrriliosand Madge Wildfire . In the Jacobite song , " Here ' s ii Health to King Charles , " Mr . Collet received a wellmerited and unanimous encore , and also in Loder ' s " Barefooted Friar , " with which the lecture concluded amidst enthusiastic applause . —N .

    Tub Icailtans . —The intelligence from Nuuvno , which is to the . 'ird of August , is generally ( if a favourable churacier . An accident , however , of rather u serious nature has happened to a young Icarian named Tabuteau . The unfortunate young mail imprudently leaped from a wagon that was unloading on to tho steam-mill , when his font blippcd down the inclined piano leading to tho teeth of the mill , and before the engine could be stopped the limb was torn in . pieces . Tho remains of the leg were promptly amputated by a surgeon of the neighbourhood , find the latest accounts state that Tabuteau was progressing favourably . Preparations aro being made for publishing a periodical journal by tho colony , a printing proas and some type have already been procured for the purpose : it is intended to print the paper in thrco languages , French , German , and English . —T . C .

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    Nov . 16 , 1850 . ] ® f } $ lUatje t * 801

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 16, 1850, page 801, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1859/page/9/