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Leader (1850-1860), 9th November 1850, Edition Town of 1, Page 786

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      of the press anterior to the siege ? If so , point them out . Point out the laws originating in a system of terror ; point out the ferocious bands of whom you speak ; point out the victims of our rule—or resign yourselves to be branded as liars . " What ! your first decree in Rome is to establish the council of war for political offences ; on the 5 th of July you dissolve the clubs , you forbid all meetings , you threaten exemplary punishments to protect persons having friendly relations with your troops ; on the 6 th you dissolve the civic guard ; on the 7 th you command the complete disarming of the citizens ; on the 14 th you suppress the journals ; on the 18 th you fulminate threats against any meeting composed of more than five persons . "

      And in summing up the treacheries of the French Government , Mazzini , with a holy wrath , unusual in him , but grand and just , on . such an occasion , with Truth for his warrant , thus writes : — " Your work is one of destruction , equal to that accomplished by the monarchy in Spain in 1823 . Would that you had at least the brutal courage of the monarchy I But , false interpreters of an idea which is not your own , secret enemies to the banner which you have publicly sworn to serve , conspirators rather than ministers , you are condemned to wrap yourselves in hypocritical and premeditated falsehood . Falsehood in your fundamental

      assertions ; falsehood in the particulars ; falsehood in yourselves ; falsehood in ) r our agents ; falsehood—I blush in saying it for France , \ vhich you have at length brought so low as to soil her traditionary honour—falsehood in the generals of your army . You have conquered by falsehood , and by falsehood you endeavour to justify yourselves . General Oudinot lied , when , in order to deceive the populations , and to smooth for himself the road to Rome , he vilely trafficked in our affections for France by keeping the Italian tricolour , which he knew himself about to overthrow , entwined with the French flag at Civita Vecchia until the 15 th of July . He lied impudently by

      affirming , in his proclamation , that the greater part of the Roman army had fraternized with the French , when the whole staff of the army protested and resigned , when only 800 men ( at the presc-nt time even they are dissolved ) accepted the proposed conditions of service . He lied as a coward , when , after having given his solemn promise in writing not to assault the city before Monday , * the 4 th of June , he assaulted it ontheiiightof the Sabbath . The envoy Lesseps lied when , induced by a culpable weakness , partly redeemed by the hope of remedying the evil , he reassured us by continual promises of a conclusive treaty , and conjured us not to attach importance to

      the movements of the French troops , dictated solely by the necessity of satisfying the soldiers , who were impatient of repose—whilst , in the mean time , you basely took advantage of our good faith to study unmolested our defences , to strengthen yourselves , and to occupy unexpectedly , during an nrmisticc , the strategetical point of Monte Mario . M . do Corcelles lied when , in contradiction to the declaration of the Roman Municipality , to that of the foreign consuls , and to the testimony of a whole city , he declared that Rome had never been bombarded . The bombs fell for many nights , and particularly from the 23 rd to the

      24 th , and from the 29 th to the 30 th , most frequently and injuriously upon the Corso , upon the Piazza de Spagna , upon the J 3 abbuino , upon the Colonna Palace , upon the hospital of Santo Spirito , upon that of the Pellegrini , andin other placer . You lied , M . de Tocqueville , when , relying upon the ignorance of your majority , you boasted as a ' solitary fact in history , of the choice of the point towards the 1 ' orta San Pnncrazio for assaulting the city , for the greater safety of the people and their habitations . Rome offers at the gate of San Paolo , and at the gate of San Giovanni , an open country ; whilst the gate of San Pancrazio is surrounded by the people and their houses . The gate of San Pancrazio was chosen because from

      thence a communication with Civita Vecchia could be kept with less risk ; and because , whilst from the other points it would bo necessary to descend to a battle with the people and their barricades , which you rightly feared , from that of San Pancrazio the Janiculum dominating Rome offered the opportunity of conquering it , not by a war of men , but of bombs and cannons . You have all lied—from him who is the first amongst you , to the lowest of your agents—to us , to the assembly , to France , and to Europe , when , from the first day of the nefarious undertaking to the last , you gave repeated promises of protection , of brotherhood , and of liberty , which you had already determined to betray . "

      Wo refer those who doubt the justice of those charges to Mazzini ' s volume , where the proofs ibound . The volume closes with a remarkable " Letter to \ n English iViend , " written , after Home had fallen , with that calmness and fortitude which never desert Mnz / iui . It contains ninny truths , and raises many mentions upon which 3 'inglishmon should ponder . Did wo < lo our duty towards Home in those sublime

      elevated by the Constituent Assembly into a living active right , tended rapidly to destroy the absolutist dogma which from Rome aims more than ever to enchain the tmiverse . " The events of the last few weeks amply prove this latter assertion . The bitterest opponents of the Roman people in the spring of 1849 are amongst those whose indignation is the fiercest at the introduction of the Papal Bull ! This is as it should be . The advocates of diplomatic expediency deserve to be sometimes w ounded by their own weapons .

      It would be superfluous to speak of the merits of this volume as mere literature . There is no attempt of art . The whole volume pretends to be only " notes , " not history ; but they are by a master hand . Close , pointed , vigorous ; above all , clear and fused together by a sustained tide of enthusiasm from the heart of the writer . " Wherever he may go the hearts of hundreds of Englishmen beat in sympathy with his aspirations , and with the holy cause to which he has devoted his genius and his life .

      lays ? ]) i < l we even undfrstaiid our more material nterests tiH a commercial jieunlo ? Why did wo fuil ; o perccivutli-. it the grout question of liberty of concience was at stake at Homo , that that also lay at the oot of the political insurrection ? " The Pope at iaeta , " writes Mazzini , " was the theory of absolute nfalliblo authority exiled from Home for ever ; and xiled from Rome was to be exiled from the world . * * Thu piinrinluot' liberty and of free consent ,

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      BOOKS ON OUR TABLE . The Two Brothers : or , the Family that live in the first Society 2 vols . Bentley . The Two Brothers is a German novel writen in a liberal spirit . The title-page does not tell us the author or translator , or if translated from the German . We are left to gather from perusal that the work is German . But in what part of Germany the scene is laid , or of what religion are the persons of the story we are not informed , though we may reasonably infer Protestant of the latter . The social and political relations given of German life , we may suppose to represent all Germany more or less , though the state maybe little or great in which the scene

      of The Two Brothers is laid . We here learn that the divisions in society are much greater than in England . In the Germany written of , the court and the army alone constitute good society . Lawyers , clergy , physicians , artists , are excluded from it , and seem to take their place in common with shopkeepers or the bourgeoisie . The aristocracy of the court and army rigidly confine their society to each other . All the offices of state are portioned out amongst them , and it appears that the best places in the theatres are reserved for them . In their schools birth is looked to , and only those who can lay

      claim to it are noticed by the Government . The manners of society are the same as in England . Wall-Rowersgentlemen and ladies who , from timidity or want of attraction , ornament that part of the room—are frequently mentioned . The stiffness of the best society , which with young ladies falls into an invincible phalanx not to be broken by young gentlemen , is described to be in Germany as in England . The indifference of young ladies at table to those whom they do net consider their equals ; the disposition to set them down or humiliate them if possible , comes before us as English though in a German dress . As to the education of women , the author

      thinks that it should be something more manly , more calculated to make them think and reason , rather than be the acquisitions of accomplishments which merely amuse . lie thinks , moreover , that they should be more capable of managing the household from practical knowledge of its working ; and , particularly , that they should be , above all things , well versed in arithmetic . It is asked by one in the society of the secondary class , what philosophy should be given to young ladies , and the answer is the moral philosophy of Jesus , delivered as it is in appropriate sentiments , short sayings , and examples . The heroine is a younger sister , a sort of Cinderella , who acts as lady ' s maid to the mama , who is of the nobility , and married to an officer of the army not of inferior birth . The hopes of the mother arc placed in an elder daughter , to whom the younger is sacrificed . The elder

      is betrothed to a noble ; and the younger is not allowed to marry with a schoolmaster to whom she is betrothed , lest it should give offence to the noble son-in-law . The younger for the term of six years obeys her parent , and lives in silent suffering and patience , when the elder is jilted by her noble future , and dies broken hearted . The younger is a character to be found in Miss Eclgeworth ' s novels , and has not a word of religion in her mouth . The elder , when all hopes of rising in the world are denied to her by the abandonment of her lover , and every prospect of allying herself with the noblesse is shut out , seeks refuge in the church and the Bible , and dies iu a tragic agony of prayer . The moral is , that h < : r heart is not affected , whilst the younger is practicully pious , and an example of all the Christian virtues from the beginning to the cud , without the externals of religion .

      Thi' Paciny of the Sentinel ; or , tho Soul on Duty . C . Gilpin . A quaint and not very expressive title for a collection of anci-dotos respecting illustrious rnen . A Collodion of Poetry for the Practice of Elocution . Taylor ami Walton . This collection has been made by Mr . Francis W . Newman for the use of the ladies at the college in Bedfordsquare , but , of course , will be equally useful in all schools . The selection is made with a view to the real practice of elocution , and therefore begins with the simpler rhythms , gradually ascending to the more complex . There is great variety in the poems , and the volume is a readable volume of poetry quite apart from its educational purpose .

      a variety of sources , mostly orthodox . The author ' s object is to show how dependent men are upon the circumstances of their education for the peculiar religious creeds they adopt ; how the Mahometan necessarily believes in the Koran , the Catholic in the Pope , the Calvinist in Calvin , and so on . There is nothing new in the position ; but the illustrations are very striking , the general effect of the tractate will be to cultivate an extended tolerance towards all dogmatic creeds . The Expositor : A Weekly Illustrated Recorder of Inventions Designs , and Art-Manufactures . Nos . 1 and 2 . * J . Clayton , Jun . A capital idea , well carried out . The Expositor is plentifully garnished with woodcuts very carefully executed and will form an excellent handbook of the Great Exhibition .

      The Fourth Commandment not given by God to Moses . A PamfjJilet for the People . By a Labourer . J . Watson . A well-written pamphlet on the Sabbath question .

      Thoughts on I he Nature of Man , the Propagation of Creeds , and the Formation of Human Character . Joseph Chi > U > u . This is a suggestive little tractate , containing really good thoughts , and an abundance of striking quotations from

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      Masters and Servants : a Dramatic Expose . In three Acts . By Robert Reynolds , author of the " Professed Cook . " Churton . A Suggestive Manual of the Theory and Practice of Education . By H . C . Freeman . C . H . Law . Robert Owen ' s Journal , Explanatory of the Means to WelUplace , JFell-employ , and JVell-cducate the whole Population . A Vindication of Unitarianisjn , in reply to the Reverend R . Wardlaw , D . I ) . By James Yates , 1 V 1 . A . 1 ' ourth edition , carefully revised , with , many additions . E . T . "VVhitfield . Penny Maps . Part IV . New South . Wales—Victoria and Port Phillip . Chapman and Hall .

      The Cyclopcedxa of the British Empire . Part V . C . Knight . Half-Hours with the Best Authors . Part VI . C . Knight . Pictorial Hatf-Hours . Part V . C . Knight . Portsmouth Lyrics . By Alfred Lear Huxford and J . Albert Way . The British Quarterly Review . The North British Reviezv . Eraser ' s Magazine . The Rambler . The Mirror of the Times . The Looker-On . The Freethinker ' s Magazine . A Letter to the Right Honourable the Earl of Shrewsbury on the Rel Uablishment of the Hierarchy of the English Cathulic Church , and the present posture of Catholic Affairs in Great Britain . By Ambrose Lisle Phillips , Esq ., of Grace Die . u Manor . C . Dolman . Six Compositions from the Life of Christ . Drawn by F . R . Pickersgill , 11 . A . Chapman and Hall .

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      Remedy ron Ireland . —The chief impediments to the prosperity of Ireland arise neither from ignorance nor from the perverse character of the people , but from the state of the law . While hundreds of thousands are emigrating to the ends of the earth to cultivate wastes , and boring and scratching for gold in California , there can be no doubt at all that they would tell you , if seriously asked , that they would much prefer toiling and expending their capital at home if they could find land at a fair rent , easily transferable , and leases and customs , or laws , that would enable them to enjoy the fruits of their labour . Feudal and landlord made law has oppressed , and choked , and stifled the land . Till land be freed from the grasp of feudalism , by an easy , cheap , and safe transfer , neither free trade , nor free labour , nor fren industry , nor the great agricultural and commercial resources of England can have fair play . — British Quarterly , No . 24 .

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      MAItSTON'S NEW TRAGEDY . Angry authors and irritated actors are fond of styling us , — - thu nobles of the Fourth Estate ,- — " anonymous scribblers . " I don ' t like this ; I won ' t have it assumed that my fine Roman hand ever could be anonymous ; accordingly , from this time forward , I throw aside the veil which modesty dropped over my countenance , and stand forth confessed as the author

      of all the brillinnt criticisms , shameless eulogies , and remorseless * ' attacks , " which may issue from my incomparable judgment , devoted partizanship , and deranged liver . I am prepared for all the * ' responsibility" of my office . Brother critics may do as they please , but if I am a " hired bravo" I will no longer wear a mask . Managers , authors , actors—Irrrcmhlel Vivian is pitiless ! in the

      John Westland Marston is a name of hope dramatic world , and the name of a prodigiously clover fellow out of it , so that a new play signed by him is a matter of unusual interest , i have watched his progress \ ipwards from the Patrician ' s Daughter , with a Itrii nelly pride , certain that the elements of dramatic genius in his mind only needed favourable opportunities to issue finally in striking dramas . Philip Augustus and Marie de Meranie is in many respects his best work hitherto ; but he will do better yet . Thu art of the drama is not learned in a day . Before speaking of this play it will bo useful to sketch the facts presented by history to the poet who selects this subject . Philip Augustus , tho astute and treacherous companion in arms of our Cceur do Lion , manies Ingeburge , the lovely sister of tho Danish King . Her renown preceded her ; but suddenlv , during tho celebration of the ceremony , an inexplicable and unconquerable aversion seizes hoi * bridegroom—probably one of those physical antipathies which animal magnetism may one day explain , but which are now familiar enough as facts .

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      ••• Letter of the 1 st of June to ( Jt-ncrul JJosclli : Only—I nfer the nttiick of tho pluco until Monday morning at least .

      Fa L ^ %T\^ \L' \) T M I U ?

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  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 9, 1850, page 786, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1858/page/18/