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Leader (1850-1860), 28th August 1858, Edition 1 of 2, Page 863, INVENTIONS. • BRAT'S TRA.CTIOX aSNCHNE. ...

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      Jsto« 440, Avgcvsi 28, 1858,] T H E Le A...

      jSTo « 440 , AvGcVsi 28 , 1858 , ] T H E LE A PER . 86 S

      Continental Notes. France. ¦ Jtith Regar...

      CONTINENTAL NOTES . FRANCE . ¦ JTith regard to what the Congress bas done for the principalities we are told in the Constilutionnel , that although , " the fundamental principle of the union , as unde rstood by Trance , has not prevailed , " yet that the two provinces are to have political institutions completely identical . There is to be a permanent Council of State common to both , a High Court of Law , and a legislative Assembly , the members of which will elect the Hospodars . Equality before the law is established , with personal liberty and just taxation . Property is to le respected , and the privileges of caste are to prevail no more . The Porte will simply have the right of intesting the Hospodars after they have been chosen . The

      suffrage will be limited , but under what conditions is jot explained . The Congress would seem to have been desirous of establishing ; another Belgium on the shores of the Black Sea . Let us hope that its wishes will be j ealised . The labours of the Congress , we are assured "by the dfoniteur , may be considered as accomplished , though a commission charged with regulating the quest ion of the Danube has not yet terminated its proceedings . Five weeks are to elapse before the convention signed by the Plenipotentiaries is actually published . The French Government intends immediately to construct a fort to command the only pass in the Jura from vhich an army could enter France from Switzerland . Three millions of francs have been granted for this purpose by the Emperor .

      It is sail that a vessel is about to be built at Cherbourg to be called Vatsseau-belier , a sort of man-of-war , of ¦ which the first idea belongs to the Emperor , and which is intended to act by its mass and its speed ; the introduction of this new element into naval warfare , it is thought , will completely change its character . Reports are prevalent that M . Thouvenel is conducting himself towards the Porte , to -which he is ambas-Bador , in such a manner a * s to remind the Turks of the behaviour of Prince Blensckikoff before the Crimean ¦ war .- . . . . . ; . ¦ ' ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦•¦;¦ ' . ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ .. ' . ' ' . : :

      The Presse , formerl y a warm advocate of the English alliance , is indignant at having been accused by certain London papers of having changed its views upon that subject . It denies that , it is inimical to England , and professes its admiration of the British nation ' s strong and manly qualities , of its power of labour , the boldness of its conceptions , its vigorous initiative , and of the liberty of its institutions . It desires the sincere and effective alliance of France and England , on- condition that it should be on a footing of equality and of reciprocal concessions . There is a rumour of a project of marriage between Prince Napoleon a-nd . the Princess Clotilde , eldest daughter of the King of Sardinia . The young lady was born on the 2 nd of March , 1843 , and is , consequently , in her 16 th year . '' " ' .

      Lord Palmerston was honoured with an audience by the Emperor Napokon on Wednesday morninjr , at the Palace of St . Cloud , ITALY . The sentence pronounced by the Criminal Tribunal against the Marquis Campana has at last been published . It was officially intimated to him on the 9 th instant , and he is consequently now liable at any moment to be sent to the galleys , should the Pope not commute the sentence of twenty years' imprisonment and hard labour into that of perpetual exile , as he is said to have promised . It appears that in December , 1855 , the Government was fully aware of the Marquis ' s having

      appropriated to his own use from the funds of the Monte di Pietti no less than 100 , 000 / ., as security for which he bad left two chests of gems and other precious articles . A more formal recognisance of this debt was immediately exacted from tho Marquis by the Minister of Finance ; injunctions were laid upon him to prevent a repetition of similar appropriations , and steps were taken to obtain from Messrs . liothachild the funds necessary to replace the sum thus abstracted from tho Monte . In tho negotiation of a previous loan with Messrs . Profumo , of Turin , which strangely enough was s t ill left in the power of the Marquis , he h stated to have abstracted about 360 , 000 scudi during tho years 1850 and 1867 , bringing his liabilities up to more than 900 , 000 scudi .

      that his political prestige has fallen so low that it will produce no effect on the country .

      IU / SSIA . " The Emperor , " says a letter from Warsaw , " will leave St . Petersburg on the 3 rd September , and arrive on the 6 th at Moscow , will remain there until the 12 th , and arrive in this city by Smolensk , Tilno , and Kovno , on the 22 nd . He will remain here until the 29 th , and then return to St . Petersburg . A letter from Berlin , in the Gazette d'Elberfeld , states that the Emperor Alexander has addressed a letter to

      the Prince of Prussia , inviting him in the most affectionate terms to the grand manoeuvres which commence near Warsaw on the 26 th . It is added that if state affairs allow , the Prince will accept the invitation . Another rumour is that the Emperor Alexander and the Emperor of Austria will meet during the visit of the former to Poland . This is the more credited , as the diplomatic relations of the two Courts are on a much more cordial foooting than they have been for some years .

      The Russian Government is about to lay a telegraphic cable across Behring ' Straits , and the task is to be entrusted to one of the existing telegraph companies in this country . A telegraphic communication across Siberia must likewise be acomplished before the Old and New World can thus be connected on the eastward .

      PORTUGAL . A telegraphic message from -Lisbon , published in the Independance Beige , announces that by a royal decree , dated the 16 th inst ., the session of the Portuguese Cortes is suspended until the Ilth of October .

      PRUSSIA . Letters from Berlin testify to the uncertain state-of affairs produced by the illness of the King . One of these says that the Ultra-Conservative party is employing all its efforts to induce the Prince of Prussia to consent to a prolongation of th & existing delegation . They even represent to him that the lying can choose any member of the royal family as his delegate , and that he is not bound to select the heir presumptive . Another letter adds that , not only does the King labour under illusions with regard . to his malady , indulging in hopes of recovery which every one else" has discarded , but he also considers governing the country ; in the light of a duty which he must fulfil to the last . It may ^ therefore , readily be conceived " that it is not an easy matter to modify the King ' s opinionon these ' points . '

      • . '•'; An interesting account is given in the Berlin journals of a festival held on the completion . of the one-thousandth locomotive constructed by the firm of Borsigand Co ., which employs four thousand men . It appears from this that there are continental engineers who rival the productions of our own great workshops . V

      ... . ;¦• ¦ . - TURKEY . ¦ ; - . .. . ' ;¦ .- ; . ¦ . Advices from Constantinople state that a modification has taken place in the Turkish ministry . Reschid Pasha , who was Minister of War during the Crimean war , has taken office without a portfolio . Riza Pasha , Minister of War , has also assumed the direction of the Ordnanceoffice . Other changes were spoken of , including that of Grand Vizier . The Ministers are said to nave disclosed the state of the finances to the Sultan , who bitterly reproached them with having concealed it from him so long ; hence , probably , these impending changes . A statement is in circulation to the effect that the Porte has complained to our representative of the bombardment of Jeddah , and has sought an explanation in the face of the fact that it took place after it was arranged that Ismael Pasha was to go and punish the guilty .

      SWITZERLAND . A telegraphic congress , in which- France , Belgium , Holland , Sardinia , Portugal , Baden , Wurtemberg , and Switzerland arc represented , has just been opened at Berne , under the presidency of Mi . Naeff , Federal Councillor .

      AUSTRIA . The Empress of Austria gave birth to a son on the 21 st instant . Both are doing well .

      SPAIN . The Queen has boen checked in her progresses by tho breaking out of the yellow fovor near Corunna , which olty she was about to visit . Tho works on the Cadiz and Seville Railroad arc expected to bo finished on tho 1 st of May , and this line , bringing forward tho produce of one of the richest and fflogt fertile districts of Spain , cannot fail to bo very beneficial to tho country , and in likely to bo a most successful undertaking . Petitions have been presented to tho Spanish Govern-* nefttby planters and tnulcra in Cuba for authorisation w import 00 , 000 Chinese workmen into that island , labourers being very ncarco there . It ia again asserted that Espartcro will xery shortly pttbliaU a manifesto , but tho Ministerial journale declare

      China. The Monitcur Of Saturday Announce...

      CHINA . The Monitcur of Saturday announces that a treaty lias been concluded with China . The following are the exact terms of tho despatch announcing tho making of tho treaty . It is dated 20 th August , from St . Petersburg , and addressed to tho French Minister at Paris : — "A despatch from Ticn-Tsin , dated June 27 , states that a treaty has been concluded between China and Russia , identical in the general base ' s with treaties which have also been concluded between China and the other Powers . Tho ports aTe open ; liberty granted to the Christian religion ; consular establishments admitted , and diplomatic agents to bo established at Pekin . France and England have obtained a considerable indemnity . " The Russian courier travelled overland and hits outstripped the electric telegraph . This shows how complete the system of communication is between St . Petersburg and tho most distant part of the empire . lly the treaty concluded between Russia and China , the river A moor will henceforth form tho frontier botweon tho two empires . Tho indemnity to be paid by the Chinese Government to England mid Franco , as stipulated in tho treaty of Tien-sing , is said to bo 30 , 000 , 000 francs .

      Inventions. • Brat's Tra.Ctiox Asnchne. ...

      INVENTIONS . BRAT ' S TRA . CTIOX aSNCHNE . The engine kno wn as Bray ' s Traction Engine fleems not unlikely to work a small revolution in haulage power . It was to be expected when locomotive engines on railroads superseded coaches and waggons that science woold very soon aim at applying the combined powers of machinery and steam to common roads and to purposes which could not be reached by our railway system . Many attempts have been made , and many failures hare been the result ; but it appears to us thai ; the traction engine having accomplished so much , aod having shown such vast capabilities , with such ft wide field of application , is likely to come into-established and general use at no very remote period . The traction engine of Mr . Bray , -with Barren ' s patent capsulax boiler , as manufactured by Messrs , R . and T . Hughes

      , at the railway foundry , Brighton Railway station , New Cross , has been applied -with great success in various ways , and has succeeded to admiration in all . It ha 3 drawn waggons over Folkestone-hill containing a weight often tons . It has been applied to ploughing , and has drawn three ploughs abreast , ploughing ten inches deep , in a very perfect manner . It has also been applied to uncleared land , ploughing twenty-four inches deep , ami tearing up the roots in the soil . One special application , of its powers requires to be particularly pointed out . The engine was tried at Woolwich Arsenal , and waa found capable of moving ; guns with their apparatus over a hilly country with great ease , and far more expeditiously than by the common method of animal power . This is a special circumstance to note , and we trust it will meet from Government that appreciation which its

      importance in a national point of view entitles it to receive . We have noted a few of the performances of this engine ,: and we may add that whatever purpose it bas been applied to it has successfully achieved , and this has been done without damaging the common roadway in the slightest degree or frightening horses . To this we may add a last but not least recommendation , that it can . be worked very economically .

      The Assizes. A Most Important Action Was...

      THE ASSIZES . A most important action was tried and decided on Thursday before Baron Martin at Liverpool . It was brought by two shareholders of the Liverpool Borough Bank , which it will be remembered went to the wall daring the monetary crisis-of last year . The plaintiffs were Messrs . Scott and Bobinson , and the nominal defendant was Mr . Joshua Dixon , who was recently a managing director of the bank . The action was brought to recover the value of-certain shares which the plaintiffs

      liad purchased on the faith of a report issued by tha directors and which represented the affairs of the bank to be in . a solvent condition , when , as was contended by the ' plaintiffs , the directors actually knew it was over head and ears in debt and irretrievably ruined . On tha faith of these reports tlie plaintiffs purchased the shares , and they now sought to recover . on the ground of fraud and deceit . After a lengthy trial the jury gave a verdict for the plaintiffs , and the judge said he hoped it would serve as a warning . .

      A case of Krog v . Franklin , was tried on Tuesday and Wednesday , at Bristol , before Mr . Baron Watson and a special jury . The plaintiff , Mr . Krog , was a passenger from the Cape in the Undaunted , a vessel oC which Captain Franklin was commander , and the action was brought to recover damages from the defendant for assaulting and putting the plaintiff in irons . The passengers on board Captain Franklin ' s vessel included , in addition to Mr . Ignatius Krog , a considerable number of wounded soldiers' and officers returning from India . It appears that the captain , so far from attending to the comfort of his passengers , laboured , witK much success , to make himself offensive to the officers , threatening one , offering to fight another , and calling a lady by ono

      of the worst epithets in his nautical vocabulary . About twenty days after leaving the Cape , the ill-feeling caused by this conduct of Franklin ' s culminated in a grand row , wliich , like most others , arose from a mere trifle . The steward , contrary to the wish of the officers , insisted upon removing ono of the lamps from the spot where it had been placed for their convenience whilst playing at whist . Whilst the dispute was going on , Captain Franklin descended from tho deck , and the altercation waxed fiercer than ever . At this point , Mr . Krog took part in the wordy warfare that was going on , simply by asking what was the matter . The captain replied by the question , ' » Who the devil are you 1 " Mr .

      Krog informed him that he was a men ber of the Scotch Bar ; and in confirmation of the fact , deemed it proper to enlighten Captain Franklin aa to his legal position with regard to his passengers , which , according co the opinion of Mr . Krog , was only that of landlord of a floating hotel . The expression of this opinion cost Mr . Krog his liberty for ten days . No sooner did Captain Franklin hoar it than ho became furiously angry ; he rushed into the cabin , summoned his mates , armed himself with a revolver , and going back to tho saloon , charged Mr . Krog and his supporters—with a conspiracy to tuko possession of the vessel ! TJio officers , treated him with becoming contempt ; but the result to Mr . Krog , as we have said , was that ho was hurried off to his cabin , and placed

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 28, 1858, page 863, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/ldr_28081858/page/7/