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Leader (1850-1860), 27th December 1851, Edition Town of 2, Page 1227

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      Commerce Adheres To The Coup D Ctat, And...

      brigands of Socialism . ' On another , equally large were t Vive Louis Napoleon Bonaparte — the man who } jfts saved us ; and may he soon be our Emperor !' ' Non ! in the name of family , of religion , and of property . In the name of family , for France cannot be ruled by a . ' ( Here follows an indecent expression . ) 'In the name of religion , for France cannot be governed by those who pay no regard to that of their neighbours . Non !' ' Oui , that Bonaparte may be always our President . ' ? Vive le Neveu de l'Empereur ! ' ' Heaven protect our Prince . ' 'He has saved France . ' 'Long live the Emperor Napoleon and his Nephew ! ' "

      Dec. 27, 1851.] ®F)$ Ftf.Orr. 1227

      Dec . 27 , 1851 . ] ® f ) $ ftf . Orr . 1227

      Continental Notes. The Following: Extrac...

      CONTINENTAL NOTES . The following : extract from a private letter from Vienna , dated December 6 , though not new , is interesting : — " The snow lies deep and the cold is intense . Sledges are jingling about , and every one is wrapped in furs or in warm clothing . I have got a comfortable room with double doors and windows , and a large porcelain stove . "Woodistheonlyexpensivearticle . Everything has , however , lately risen in price , owing to the paper money . There is no gold or silver in circulation ; only notes varying from twopence to a pound . Though these bear on their face that their full value may be obtained at the State-office , for the last two years this has not been the case ; they have , consequently , sunk in value , and are at least—for they vary every day—at 25 per cent , discount . Vienna is under the strictest military law , and is literally crammed with soldiers and police . Politics are , of course , never mentioned , or only in whispers , and with a timidity that anpears incredible . The Kossuth demonstration and the French news have m ^ de the police more strict . To-day there is a proclamation pasted on the corners of the streets , warning the inhabitants against having in their possession any forbidden books or papers , and I am told several houses have already been searched . The University has for some time been converted into a barrack ; and the medical students ari 3 sent to one suburb , and the literary to another . "

      The police have seized on the library presented by various patriotic booksellers to the Frankfort Assembly . The books are worth 12000 florins at the least , and were never intended by the donors to gratify the Diet , which was believed to have been for ever dead . Waggons have been coming and going for several days to and from St . Paul ' s Church , removing the furniture and fittings used by the Assembly , and in a few days the building will be given up to the clergy . The Piedmontese Gazette of the 20 th declares itself authorized to state that a document ( which , like many other journals , it had published in a preceding number ) , purporting to be a diplomatic note addressed to Mr . Webster by Chevalier Hulsemann , Austrian Charge d'Affaires at Washington , on the subject of slavery in the United States , is apocryphal , and a mere invention of an Abolitionist paper .

      It is said that there is but one theme constantly commented on by members of every party and profession at Home . Cardinals , prelates , officers , soldiers , foreigners , and natives , all discuss the probable consequences of the late coup d ' etat in France , everybody according to his own principles . The ultra-Pnpal party exult at the presumed imminent downfall of the Republic , and already seem to hail a French Empire with delight . The Pope has given the grand cross of Pius IX . to Senors Uravo Murillo , ( jr . Romero , and Bertran de Lis ; and the cominandurship of that of Gregory the Great to Senor Fernando Alvarez , Under-Secretary of Grace and Justice , in connection with the celebration of the concordat .

      The Queen of Spain was delivered of a princess on the 20 th . The Heraldo of Madrid of the 1 Oth states that orders had been sent by telegraph to Cadiz , to set at liberty the American prisoners taken at Cuba . The Epoea gives an account of the prosecutions instituted against the Madrid press by the existing cabinet , which has not been in power quite a year . The Europa has been suppressed and lined 30 , 000 reals ; tin ; Miindo Nncvo , the Murya , and the Trihuna del Pueoh , have boon repeatedly seized , fined , and have ceased to appear ; the Nacion lias been seized

      eleven times , lined 20 , 000 reals , and has an editor in prison ; the lleralilo haw been seized ten times , is printed under the surveillance of the police , and has one of its editors in prison ; the Co ? is / , ituci < malhiW been sei / . ed three times , and lined 20 , 000 reals ; the Epoca seized seven times ; the Observador , the Calolieo , and the Novedades , have also been seized . several times . It Avas expected that if the Cortes did not meet in the course of a short time , M . Isturiz , M . Henalua , and M . do Ay lion would leave at the beginning of January l > r their diplomatic posts at London , Berlin , and Vienna . The excessive droutrht in the provinces

      eontmucH . We copy from the Demokntta , Volski , an extract from ii letter of its own correspondent , written from Poland : — " You doubtless know that all your letters pass through the bands of an army of public ollicers , and are onl y delivered to the persons to whom they are directed , after a close examination , and very often not delivered nt ( ill . . . . Do not suppose it wan with an eye of indifference we looked on the events of 1849 . Oli , no ; our wrongs , and the humiliation we

      endured , must be revenged , and we were quite ready for a great action , when the news of Georgy ' s treachery interrupted our preparations . It was with fear the Russian troops in 1 S 49 marched to Hungary ; and although four corps of the active army , with four reserve corps of cavalry , went thither , they deemed those forces insufficient , and held in readiness another corps of reserve . When the Tzar , at the beginning of the campaign , received unfavourable tidings from his army , he actually foamed with rage , and it was then that the gendarmes received a secret order to destroy all the archives concerning the inquisition and persecutions in Poland , thus for ever erasing all traces of barbarity , should the army be compelled to retreat . The Tzar was at that time in such an

      unsettled state of mind , that he even began to mistrust Prince Paskevich , and already thought of replacing him by Vorontsoff , whom he , for that purpose , ordered to come to Warsaw . The Russians lost during that campaign 20 , 977 men by typhus fever alone . Their deserters amounted to 1690 . The number of killed never transpired ; the army bulletins always reported a few men on their side only as being killed , whilst on that of the Hungarians the number "was always a couple of thousands that had perished ; but what is quite certain is , that the regiments returning from Hungary were reduced to the half of their original force , and the men were so exhausted and attenuated , that they had the appearance of living corpses .

      " After the army left for Hungary , the so-called kingdom of Poland and Lithuania were occupied by three corps , viz ., one of the active army , the corps of grenadiers , and that of the life guards , amounting together to 180 , 000 men , with 360 pieces of ordnance ; meanwhile the 6 th corps and the reserve infantry ( 120 , 000 ) were stationed in Russia , more particularly in the ancient Polish provinces of Volhynia and Podolia . A secret association , however , in the midst of such a display of forces was formed , whose object was to overthrow the existing Government . But , alas ! all was discovered , and some sixty young men were the victims ; they , of course , were all sentenced to death , but the Tza ' r commuted their sentence to sending them to the mines , or to serve as private soldiers in the Transcaucasian army , or to be

      incorporated in the discip linary companies . " After the campaign Nicholas reassumed with the greatest vigour his plans of Russianizing Poland . He abolish ed the frontier between the kingdom and the other provinces , determined by the treaty of Vienna ; dissolved the Polish custom guards , and reorganized them along the frontier of Prussia , entirely composing them of Russian soldiers . In order to cramp as much as possible the education of the Polish youth , it was ordained that only sons of recognized noblemen were to be admitted to the higher schools , whose terms were so enormously raised that

      even noblemen , unless very well off , could not send their sons to them . For the youths whose noble pedigree is doubtful or improved , separate schools have been established , the principal tuition in which is the Russian tongue , and arithmetic on the socalled shchoty ( a wooden frame with brass wires , on which are moveable wooden swivels ) . The merchants were obliged to submit to the corporation laws existing in Itussia . Finally , Poland is to lose her very name , and to assume that of New liussia . At Vilna , Kovno , andllrzene-Literski , three Catholic churches have lately been violently transformed into schismatic

      synagogues . 41 Polish youth is no more to be enlisted into the Russian regiments of light cavalry as lancers and hussars , but in those of cuirassiers and heavy dragoons , because the latter are always garrisoned in the depths of Russia ; and even those who now serve in the light cavalry , whether officers or privates , are to be removed to the regiments of heavy horse . " Such i « , alas ! the state of our unhappy country .

      We , nevertheless , do not despair , but are ever ready for any sudden emergency ; for we feel that we live in a great epoch , and are persuaded that the fermentation which began in 1848 must eventually have a salutary end . We are not Avit . hout communication ; we know pretty well what is ^ oing on abroad , hut our news are not always correct—nay , sometimes incomprehensible . The year T > 2 is to widen our political horizon ; let us therefore be patient , and confident . "

      The Anglo-American Alliance. The Necessi...

      THE ANGLO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE . The necessity for an Anglo-American alliance to parry and suppress the coming Continental blockade , grows every < lny more ; distinct . The following pus-Hitjrc i . 4 from flu ; letter of the Vienna correspondent , of the Monthly Chronicle , of December 20 . " Ak there appears to be little or no doubt of Louis Napoleon obtaining an immense majority , and of his position becoming firmly e » tablished , England should

      look to herHell " , for the backward tendency of tiling ' »» ( Germany is but too apparent ; and , coupled with the feeling of hostility now entertained by the Governments abroad towards Great Britain ( wherein Austria stands preeminent ) , it is impossible to say what , now alliances in . iy not . devise , to undermine English influence , and keep out . English floods from the Cont | ineiit ,. These hostile demonstrations will . it is positively ! itflirmed , open with a succession of petty annoyances , inflicted upon English subjects travelling in Austria , by way of repriuuln

      for Lord Palmerston's flirtations with the Democratic refugees . Then will follow a gigantic effort to throw off the yoke of English manufacturing supremacy , by drawing something very like a prohibitive cor don across thesea ; and , if Prussia and the Zollverein , with the Northernt Statet , will only consent to join the group of Protectionists who are about to meet in Vienna , something may be done . " Mr . Robert Walker has declined the invitation to dine at Southampton with the Mayor and merchants of the borough . In his letter in reply to the note ' of invitation we find the following energetic passageson the " Anglo-American Alliance , " now become a * standing head in the Times ' . —

      " I thank you also for the kind and cordial sentiments ? you have been pleased to express in regard to my country .. It is most clearly the interest and duty of England and ' America to encourage and maintain the most friendly relations . In some remarks heretofore made by me in your city , I took occasion to express the opinion that a neighbouring republic , so-called , based upon half a million of bayonets and a state of siege , would soon be merged in absolute or imperial power . Those predictions are already fulfilled , and France is now passing into a government more military and despotic than any that prevails in Europe , because it is purely the government of the army , and of a single chief . Already this fearful change is hailed with delight by all the despotic Powers , and especially by Russia , Austria , and Naples . The Continent has become despotic , except a few remaining

      points , which are already menaced , and where the light of liberty , it is feared , will soon be extinguished . These islands alone remain to breast the fury of despotic power ^ and already it is intimated that it may become necessary to reestablish against England the continental system of the first Napoleon . The principle of the despotic Powers will be this , that England must refuse an asylum to the exiled victims of continental oppression , and that she must abandon the liberty of speech and of the press . The question , I fear , will soon be propounded to England . Will you relinquish all the principles of free government , and sink quietly into the abyss of despotism ? Or will you manfully resist ; and , if so , when , and how , and where , are you willing to begin the resistance ? Will you wait until every free Government is overthrown on the Continent ? Or , when the principle of armed intervention from abroad announces its determination

      tosubvert these Governments , will you then interfere for your own security , and while yet you may have friends and allies upon the Continent ? Should the latter be your wise and patriotic resolve , and should you , in that event , desire the cooperation of my country , it will be given by the Government , and sustained by the people , with zeal and unanimity . " I know nothing , since the days of the Crusades , that could excite in America a feeling so deep , universal , and enthusiastic , or which would call out so > many millions , if necessary , of my countrymen , as an invitation from you to your children in America to fight together the last great triumphant battle for the liberties of man . Jt would be a certain and an easy victory , achieved chiefly by the naval forces of England and America ; and , succeeding this victory , there would then be enduring peace and extended commerce .

      " indeed , I doubt not , if England and America would inform the continental despots that they must not intervene beyond their own limits to overthrow other Governments , merely because they were free , that such an annunciation would arrest , their march in ISO I , as it did in 1 H 20 , and accomplish thn same result , without the necessity of war or bloodshed . " Miss Martineau wrote in INK ) with great foresight , almost inspiration , to an American journal a letter , which now has direct bearings on this subject , from which we cut the following passages .

      " We , —the whole population of Europe , —are now evidently entering upon a stage of conflict no less important in its issues , and probably more painful in it » oour . se . You remember bow soon after the conclusion of the Napoleonic wars our great Peace Minister , Canning , intimated the advent , sooner or later , of a War of Opinion in Europe ; a war of deeper significance than . Napoleon could conceive of , and of a wider spread than tlie most mischievous of his quarrels . The War of Opinion which Canning foresaw was in fact a war between the further and nearer centuries , —between Asia and Europe , —between despotism and self-government . The preparations were begun long ago . The Barons at Runnymede boat up for recruits when they hailed the

      signature of Magna Charta ; and the princes of York and Lancaster did their best to dear the field for us and those who are to come after us . The Italian Republics wrought well for us , and no did the French Revolutions , one after the other , as hints and warnings ; and ho did the voyage of your Mayflower and the Swiss League , and the German Zollverein ; and , in short , everything that , has happened for several hundreds of years . Every ! hing has tended to bring our continent , and its resident nations to the knowledge that , the first , principles of social liberty have now to be asserted and contended /'

      yet witnessed . It is my belief that the war has actuall y begun , and that , though then * may be occasional lullfl , no man now living will sec the end of it . . . YV < : Imve not a little to struggle for among ourselves , when our wholo force is needed against the . enemy . In no country of Europe is the representative system of government more than a mere , beginning . In no country of Europe is human brotherhood practically assorted . Nowhere an ; the principles of civilization of Western Europe determined and declared , and made the groundwork of organized action , as happily your principles ure as against those of your Hlavoliolding opponents J 3 ut , raw and ill-organized an ure our force *) , they wili

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 27, 1851, page 1227, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/ldr_27121851/page/7/