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    the JwieadYaacfis &ut 8 istio L T wr^^a3...

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    .THEiJ-rFE.jAJSD TIMES QE. SALYATQRiEOSA...

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    Psychological Inquiries. Psychological.I...

    ¦ ¦ gfife" ^ S C state « it did , in its otfgioal ^ tate ? £ > r . does ^ Jiemerely doubt « 5 Sker ^ Ae wind of . the pqlype- ^ sjidi jaidjwentary . nund . at ; least . asr . that SumpaasioBed individual with so . simple * . a « rY 4 Mis , tissue ^ us ^ possess-r . be S ^ idi ^ iblei as . well . as . its body ? ; w ^^ , . « h « tber pi » j jiilicedujr . iug > rer iadiiJed , is « a > ot . in courk , and neither * EaatJieism >« oi-.. Pot , thei 6 m canrsw ^ the *!«««« . Sir BAnianun hei & nua , nhrvsiolo 2 ist ,. andaiot , a , schohMV < we will-wot

    Bress-him ^ toa ^ losel y . on . Ae , su & ject , of PytbagoBas , so-. strangely dragged m is the protgenitor of ^ MuUer ! s , alleged Pantheism . . The . jnere-. doctr . uie . of metempsyehesiaaboulddjavfiijaamed ; Sir Beajanun . ijhat . PyOiagoi : as wasmot exactlyan . plaee . here . ' ¦ ,.,., j i , TOe haik-said : that Sir J 3 enjaroin is a physiologist ; rite ls . & nownv . ujdeed , foK 6 OH ^ . ad « uj » ble . CQaidfcributioas to tfiat vs oieace ; and ourisurpnse -was grea t in asading . tlxis . volume to find in it physiedogicalAilunders so gross , that , if theyAadioecurrsed ln & e . Jtestiges , they , woaddnav . e < drawn forth : the . scorn of reviewers , tbut > whicb , occurring . . in . the ; pages . of * so , competent a person as Sir BeBJamin ? Bradie , rcanof course only be-eet ^ own-to that large cat egory « f / oversight tovwrhichJallible , authors so plentifully . contribute . Worthy of cemazk it 4 s . that professionaljBennaay make , blnndess . with . n » pnEuty ,-wiwoh , in fchejinorofessionaLj ^ eetrtvith theharshestaoudemnation ; justas the

    professional physician may Jcill his patieats if JieJrilL them " according to culea ofir / , " , wiil © . the homoeonatbistAnd hydcopathist is for the sameAhmg triadrforsMansUwghter . . Tbe * wordA > f An . anonymous . reviewerjyiU jaoJ ; , . oij C & usae , be . takenini . tbe , present case without examples . We * shall ,, therefore select : two . > At , page -109 , he ' .. d & aw . & a distraction between the spinal cord . audvthe brain ,, in sehkii . hesays : " , We recogniae in the . brainnK > t : a . simple a » djuniforsn organ , but a congeries of organs , . each having , a peculiar . struetUKeandrbewg ^ evidently intended , to answer-a peculiar aaad speeial purpose . " Nowiif . tbisimeansAanything . it HiQans that the spinalcord is , a . simple , .: > unifecBLOFsan ; not . A congeries- of organs ; , an-error so patent that-we . have-only to it for him at to

    to . eall isir . Benjamin ' s ^ attenti on . onee be .. aware of the ¦ error . T £ e may state , however , for ; the reader ' s benefit—not of . course ^ for Sir jaenjamin ^ -T-that . the spinal cord , is very far irom being a-simple . OKg . aft ; t i ^ itts oo * a |* 6 sed ; of > a series of ^ aog Ua ^ fiaQh ^ a ^ lion navi ng . iis-scparate pair ; ofijae ] f « es , - and > tbLat although , in . the vertebrate . animals , the wholeseries limited byifiervausstrands into one schole , it . Jbasdi 2 ecejit , pacts , and . the fiinctions of the different . parts . are diflerent ( deglutition , raepiration , locodQtiou , & c- > . -Xndeed , iin , the . lowest of ;' the ; invertebrate jmiaaals , .. the mnrihioxus . these . sDinal sfansUaare not only seaarate , brat are aeen > to , fee separate .

    . The- following - example is ,, perhaps , . not -so - palpable- a blunder , owing , to ^ fce ^ equivocation of laj ) guage , but yet it is one of those blunders for whien tha < author of the , Vestiges ^ ha'd Jie . fallen' into it , would hare - received no quarter . It is at page 116 , « nd runs thus : " There isi notionbfc . that mere animal life uiay . eodst-without . either sensation or yoKtion , or without anything , that beaEa . « Ten themost remote relation to the iinental . principle . iJFor instance , 'Br . j 6 hti' € iarJeehas : ^ tven an iiccount of an extraordin ary product ofi JjLuman .. generation , in which jthere ^ was neither brain , spinal niarrowr aewves , ' « hor- hearty nor lungs , but --which was- nevertheless a Kving , organised mass , containing several bones tolerably well formed , and vestiges . of some other organs . " ; Th & authority f «> r this is the Philosophical ^ Transactions of ass

    17 ^ , fbaBfcAat which , in ,, 1793 imi ^^ -p among ^ tlje ^ 1 S « 5 pmewh » tiasfaortndirtg in 1855 * -to-the readers of Sir ¦ Benjamin Brodie . , Tf ^ irJBie ^ axmn . isimply meant that .-masses . of organised matter coulxl exist wifchowt . sensation or volition , or-ainy relation to a > mental princi p le , the fii * st hutchei : s , khop .. wouji , have wjpplieiiJiimw with abundant illustrations ; for he jmghtmsjwell . talk , of . 'ia : leg' «) fTaautton-b « iig . a living organised mass as that -extraordinary : product o'f ^ whicli ' JDr . John ' Clarke has given tan account . Xhe ; student has-iadvanocd a » veryi . JittlefWay in the study-of organised beings who ' does not . know . that' in tumonrs niasaes-of organised matter , such as teHh , hair , bones , & c , are not udfrcsquently . found ; but ; he . must be a v <; ry jowng student ; indeed who takes these masses for "' . livtng 1 . beings , " or who believes : that mere animal life . may exist without volition , iuid sensation upon

    nojbet * er . evidence than this . ' Atpage ^ l , aftera series of facts ^ and observations tending to show tu / tt mental derangement jdepends jupoa nervous derangement , Sir iBenjamin , with & desire to rescue his "indivisible percipient and thinking being , " brings in moral causes . " You cannot deuy , " snys Eubulus , one of the inteHoctttors , " that in many instances mcntul derangement may be > traced juitaas plainly to the operation of moral causes . The minil : jonay : breakdown alhat once amder . some sudden affliction , or ' it jnayyiehl « oretgnaduaHy when the ; attention fans . been long arid , constantly ^ aartl anxiously Erected to sofiae subject of unusual interest . Such facts * s . these cannot ; . be questioned , arid is not the conclusion from them inevitable ? " Tho conckujiwn wo draw is ,.. that . EubuLus is jus completely in the . dark . « about ?* moral _ cauaes ' people usuallyvaro .. who adopt -that lino of argument . Moiial < jau 9 esiniay pnbduce mental derangteinent , as th « y nko ; produce diarrhoea , faintirrg a-repating , cold shivers , loss of appetite , and ' twenty other phy » ical . derangements : . 4 uadin . ji . sinular .

    _ way _ _ _ __ _ ., , , Turning from physiology to psychology ; , we find the same JEubulus making the sort 6 'f reinafckto bo expected in sermons , or in an aftor-dmneri oratioaj , but not toijbe < expecfccd in-a work of scieutific pretensionSf * VThere ore « pidenrica » f tjpinion 7 ' . lie says , " as well aa of disease ,. and thoy prevail . at « W ( j « M * auchiaBiong , fche well-oduoated us , among the uneducated classes oi flociefcy . Itis indeOd a melancholy fact that a 'great-extension , of- cduoation «* d knxwUedgo iioes jaot produce any corresponding improvement in this respect . r-SttU ; in the end , good scnsoprcvuils . EiroraJind deceptions last oi ^ y , ibr . a time . Those which disgrace one ago vanish and are succeeded by those which disgrace the next . But a truth once established , remains

    undisp » ted , * iuid ; society on . the s « Jwie . adYaacfis . " J & ut J » cwy *^ go ^ j 8 BBse '' v . istio pi » v ^ . wieweduc ^ onJitiis , wiueai-a great ejUjBB * iotti > f * J ^ owl ^ get ^ ils , caxoi how a traUi Jb rtobec ^ une estabHshe ^ rhow . J ^ e . jerr ^ vanish if * f extension ^ of Jcnowledge " . is powerless , *^ md'if ^ rdlTeducated people arei . quiteaa-hebpless . as . unedujcated ,. peg . plfi , - we do not understand . Tiieexamples , abread y ^ iven will , we suppose ,. bear , o . nt our , jxuSgaientjo £ this work , ^ when . itis . testedubyianything . like . the . standard wbiehLthe : subjee t and > the . Author . ^ . - reputation require . We cannoi ,. however ,, jxtrt . fi"om . Jt without ^ gain . sayingthat . itkis iiniinterestnig , little , work , > % hicb :, to the great be than ififc ere better ^ ^^ - - - "_ -- ¦ - ¦ •¦ Ti __ j . t . ll : .-3 _— -. — . — - < 1 J « .. iJ

    majority . 'bf readers will perhaps . more acceptable . . ^ w Amojjg . tiie points -wa 3 iad , Jioted for extract , but . for which < sre . find we . havje no space , Jiiextn is a very , interesting passage upon . drowning , tending to show that-. it is . not , . either , jnorally or p hysically , a , painful death . . A friend of Sir Benjamin ' s , wiXanearly . lost Jiis life in this manner ,, says ; that the . last thiqg wHch lie remembers is * looking at th ^ pebbles iind weeds . at the bottom of the river * with little or jaa . fear . of what was about to . happen ,. and no bodily suffering . The calmness with which people die is illustrated by what Sir Benjamin says , namely ,. that , in his own . experience . heJjras known but two instances . in which uvthe jactfof dying ^ ere were . manifest . indications of . » fear of -death .

    The Jwieadyaacfis &Ut 8 Istio L T Wr^^A3...

    Twr ^^ a 3 L-i 85 5 . r Efflaa : aBA am m " - '• ' ¦ - ¦ " . ^ ^ m ^ mm ^ m ^ ii ^ i ^^*" mi ^ ^ ^^^ .

    .Theij-Rfe.Jajsd Times Qe. Salyatqrieosa...

    . THEiJ-rFE . jAJSD TIMES QE . SALYATQRiEOSA . The { Lifeand Times of \ SalmtarrJiosa . By . Lady . Morgan . . ^ New : Edition . London 1855 ; . David Bryce . The public . will ; acoept , . no . doubt with ; pleasure , this first instaknent of it * Eeprint of works . wbich . ftaa » ed the delight of a very large portion of the public in -what must t-notvbe called tbe past 4 * ge . It . will , moreover , give aatislaction to , ail personsof taste and feeling to reflect thafetheiauthoressas liviagi in »*« tei » n retkenaefife to enjoy the revival and increase . » f her repu-* atie « . -Fortune is inot « tways so . favourable to talent . JPewvwnters are

    alloweditoi » undoffrtand . cai « ple # e !> a career , jaiuohdess to . become ^ contemporapy ' withjEesfcerity , and receive applaHse from the sons of the critics who first ^ admired them . ^ j Lady . J ^ orgaii is indulged with this enviable ( distinction ; land-evenrthoBe-who : never entertained the principles to which she . has so unis * Kervingly . he ^ d , or felt htheir breasfcLglow with the sympathies . from which was ^ derived tbe warmth of her style , will scarcely ; grudge or envy ; , the reward denied by . time to so jaaany . At any ; Tate , w ^ should feel that « veAyere missktg = . tlie opportunity to . perierm j & duty if we £ iiled . to receive j this " nesw edition" . with due honours .

    _ The Life of BalvatoriRosa ^ was one eminently : fit to employ . the pen . of Lady . Morga » . -Her styJe—^ woEked « p ,. with great . Attention Jx > . effect , yet not . deatitaite of ease and grace—sharing , some of the . literary vices popular in her : time , anda ^ oodj many jo £ itst ^ terilng virtues— -full of point omd parallel , quotation ^ aaad flJiaeitMftr-rflxpanding ^ s ^ ttietimes into the . romantic , and bpFrowiog ^ coiou » Srja » di & ians iramalLibreign tongues—this style ><* re : 6 ay , could gearcelyiiave been . bixttight to bear . . ainore congenialVtheme . Salvatar Rosa was an almost Universal ; geuius , born in , a country where what jnay be called the rough . material of-genius-is scattered vwifch _ profusion , but in which a man is rarely found possessed of that invincible and persever ing . energy < without , whieh the m « st brilliant . qualities : maybe dribbled * way in > theiowest regions of endeavour—an the intrigues 6 f ; a parish priest , or . the simperin ^ g cunnipg of a lazaron e . Salvator , too , was bornat a period iaitke history- of the . Arts peculiarly unfavourable to the development of the world

    original . power . . Painting , rat ; least in that part of , rwas producing its " last masterpieces , applying rules but not creating them , > and appealing to a public which -had lost much of the taste and discrimination " for whica J ± aly .. ha . drso long been celebrated . It is true that . some of the most popular names < of the ? second , ^ order in the history of . Art belonged to men who flourished contemporary with Salvator Rosa . He obtained jnuch of his praclieal ^ iibw ledge in- "the school ofTtbe-ferocious iRibexa ; -and . ^) ainted ^ at liome ^ whilst Gaspard Paussin was in his highest glory . At that time lived the .-soixibre and unfortuB . ate . Carav ^ ggio , with Guido , Reni , and jDomenichino ; and tl > e Flemish > sidiool ( to which , in : Jier exclusive . admiration for the grand and beautiful , Lady Morgan , we may mention by the way , is hostile even to injustice and violence ) -was beginning to be fashionable in the south . But the great man of the age—he who secured the sympathy and v bountiful , patronage of Popes and princes—was Bernini , whose naine . i & iiow only : remembered as ; a-s > wdtbol . of successful mediocrity . at tho of his

    A 4 fehougli ' S ^ ivAtor 'Rosa culminating point career canro in contact with many of the artistic celebrities of that period , his life was a life apart . from i . th « ti > s . Almost a beggar at' the outset , ho became a man of the -. world , '*« poet , a satirist , . nlmost a politician towards . the close . He was . borDuin the fifteenth y « ar of the -seventeenth century , rand ) daed in the seventy-third . ' His-father tths nii ; . artist , who , having been himself unsuccessful . in , that . profession , feared that . his son would also ? be-so ,. < ftnd endeavoured ; to direct talents which early manifested themselves - into channels where profit was more surely to be . found . But . Salvator possessed ^ genius forpaiotingwhiclivoaaay roidly be styled innate . No tiling could . Jccep him 1 lie bornbut the

    from the exercise ofthe Art ' for which ' was ; opposition he encountered prevented him . from being , placed reguhirly and at / an early ago in any-established school ,, and ' forced , him to go at once to the great scho 6 l of nature . . ' . Ifrwould . bo m mistake ,, however , to suppose that 1 he never learned the rudiaaaeotsof l » is . « rt : fcom others . He learned » th-em , but piecemeal , arid : in -a 'frngmentary ' . manner ; and was forced immediately to apply the knowledge } ho acquired to : the l'epresentation of natural objects . , For a long time ho had no models , bwt socles and trees , or his own frtcom-the glassr ; and it is . traditionally asserted , that even when .. greater facilities were ut his command , iihaaever studied- tho hamaai figure but from the . reflexion of his

    own person . We nwst > refer the raador who wishes to refresh his memory on the detmls of . tliis romautic lifo . to tlio . eloquent pages of Lady Morgan . He will thero find them narrated iwith ornaments and ampliiioattons derived'from the writer ' s own . experience of tlio scenes amidst whieh thoy occurred . The bistovy of the famous Giro is . an admirable instance of the . creatUm of . materia without the assistance of positive documents ; and the ) inferences which Lady Morgan derives from it arc in a great measure legitimate .. 'In all tho

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), March 31, 1855, page 19, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_31031855/page/19/