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Leader (1850-1860), 29th October 1853, Edition Country of 2, Page 20

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      1052 The Leader. \$Wvm*?>

      1052 THE LEADER . \ $ WVm *?>

      Photography.* (Eisst Abticue.J The Camer...

      PHOTOGRAPHY . * ( eisst abticue . J the camera and the easel . In the course of the more or less important proceedings of the British Association at Hull , last month , Professor Hunt read a delightful paper , which , though purporting pnlv to explain the process of photography , embraced the whole subject of ray-power . Our notes of the lecture will furnish us irith illustrations as we proceed , but at present we hare only to quote Professor Hunt for the purpose of differing with him . Not on a question of science , we hasten to say . We would only endeavour to persuade him out of his fear that heliography may "induce our youug _ artists to minute retails

      to follow too closely a naturalistic theory of adherence , to the sacrifice of those efforts of imagination so essential to the full development of the poetical and the beautiful . No painter , having imagination , will be liely to sacrifice it to details , whether presented to him in Nature or in a Talbotype . To our thinking , heliography has not so much affected the process of Art as it has confirmed it . Take Titian , for instance . If any proof were wanted that his method of painting was true to the life , you have that proof in a good paper heliograph of the naked form . And certainly Titian would not have changed his method if Fox Talbot ' s invention had dated from the pontificate of Clement the

      Seventh . . Let us not , however , affect a doubt of Kobert Hunt s intention to have a rap at the " Pre-Raphaelites . " We may regret that , saying as much as he did , he should have said no more than has been loudly repeated every first Monday in May , since some wicked wag told the critic of the Times that Millais systematically " cribbed" from a calotype ; still Eobert Hunt says nothing without a meaning . If the reader will give himself the trouble of eoinar back to the reported sentence , he will see that the allusion

      is unmistakeable , although , as we believe , absurd . Indeed , we might at once dispose of the idea by bringing forward a simple fact ; Millais , Hunt , and ColHns do not , and never did paint from heliographs , or even borrow a single hint from their effects . But we prefer to show cause why they do not ; and why they are the very men who would most have to readjust their materials , before they could profit from studying that natural arrangement , of which heliography is the imperfect reflex . Apart from other considerations , it is a mere ^ matter of justice to these youn g- paint er s , to remember that their details are incidents , not accidents . A daguerreo-* The term most commonly in use makes the best title , however erroneous a term it may be . The word Heliography will be substituted in the body of this and succeeding papers , and will of course mean , practically , the same thing as the word Sliotograp 7 ii / means , practically . In a literal sense , the terms differ . Years and years before the beautiful inventions of Fox Talbot , and Daguerre , the untold marvels of the calotype were disconnected from the specific phenomena of light . Actinic science had , in the nonage of the present century , established the certain fact that the chemical rays are distinct from the rays of light and heat , and exist even above the spectrum ; though it is in the highest visible rays ( violet ) that the greatest chemical influence is found . Between the terms Photography , meaning the production of pictures by light , and Jleliography , or sun-painting , the best authorities have decided in favour of the latter , which is correct as far as it goes , instead of the former , which particularizes falsely .

      type of Claudio's prison-cell , even l * ad two consummate actors stoocl as models for the brother and sister , wotdd not have given the app le-blossoms outside the grated window ; or the church-spire , pointing heaven ward , as formally but not more so than the disciplined Hie of the religieuse . Tb . e robin twittering among the leaves near Ophelia , as she sinks toner " muddy death ; " the butterfly on the gnarled bark of the hollow tree in which the fugitive lies hid . ; the wild flowers dropped by the sleeping child on the floor of hisfather ' s dungeon—such are the " minute details" of the school and such , it is hardly necessary to add , are not the accidental objects in a calotype . The distracting multiplicity of detail belongs to , and affects the story , as much or perhaps more than it does the picture . is onl

      The minute exactness of the heliograph y one of its characteristics , though it is more obvious and more a matter of course , than the rest . A uniformly certain result of solidity , whether the shadows be black and strongly defined , and the middle tints hardly distinguishable , or whether the impression be but faint , and the half tints undeveloped , may always be ascertained by the stereoscope . There is no rule by which you can say from the degree of depth , which is a mere chemical accident in the tint , whether or not a picture , obtained through any heliographic process will be brought into relief by Professor Wheatstone ' s beautiful instrument . Suppose the double image , or view , to have been accuratel y focussed in the camera , the effect will be the same , whatever the influence of the chemical agents . Now as this effect is independent of the greater

      or less amount of sharpness obtained in the after process of heliography , we are led to believe that exactness of detail and general truth , in the disposition of shadows , are distinct qualities of the heliograph ; and that the circumstance of minute detail being the most apparent quality , has led to the association of minutely exact paintings with heliography . An effect almost stereoscopic may be obtained by looking at certain paintings with one eye , employing a roll of paper , so as to exclude the view of the frame . The analogy , here , between painting and heliography , is strengthened in our mind , by observation : Pyne , not a minutely elaborate painter , by any means , achieves more wonderful stereoscopic effects than any artist living ; while Maclise , whose outline truly resembles that of the daguerreotype , is just as effective in a cartoon as in a picture .

      The artist , in brief , who studies Nature closely , ( through the heliograph or not , ) will be " Taught both by what she shows and what conceals . " It is not the appearance _( which , even in nature , may be false ) , of the object to be painted , that he will strive to imitate . l £ e must realize the expression , Wnich can only be done , even in a solitary case , through acquaintance with a type . In mere portraiture , the exactness of Millais beats the daguerreotype hollow ; in natural arrangement he has , till recently , fallen far short of it . His " naturalistic theory , " assuming that he has any such , might , therefore , have been improved by a study of heliographic effects ; while his manual skill has eclipsed the precision of heliography , and has nothing to gain from it . In speaking so far of him , we speak , also , of Hunt and Collins . It is not , we think , probable that they will take the hint , but we recommend that their designs , for next year ' s pictures , be , in the first stage , Talbotypes . Q .

      Health Of London During The Week. A Thou...

      HEALTH OF LONDON DURING THE WEEK . A thousand and FIFTY-Fouii deaths were registered in London in the week that ended on Saturday . In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1843—52 the average number was 958 , which with a correction for increase of population , becomes 1054 . It happens that the actual mortality of last week , and a calculation founded on the average of the same week in former years , present in this case identical results . It will lie seen with regret that the deaths from cholera , which had declined in the two previous weeks from 60 to 45 , rose again last week to 83 . Forty males and 43 females perished by this disease . The districts on tho south side of tho river still assert their fatal pre-eminence , 49 out of the wholo number of cases having occurred there . Kotherhithe , Uattorsea , St . Saviour , St . George , are tho parts of that division which suffered most . The deaths ' from cholera in London in the corresponding week of 1848 wcro ' M > . The public have been frequentl y cautioned against indulgence in spirituous liqu ors at periods of epidemic cholera . The readers of the [ Registrars' notes , published from week , will find too many instances in which tins advice has been neglected . A person drinks to excess , in a lew hours he in Buttering from an attack of diarrhctn , and tho disease runs through its several stages to a fatal termination . When cholera in at tho door temperance in tho uho of intoxicating liquors ami an almost total abstinence from gin and other spirits , becoirtes extremel y necessary for the preservation of life . It is admitted that diarrh <» a generally precedes cholera ; that there are few , if any , exceptions to tho rule . But it is of importance both to establish tho rule , and show its oxtent , by a mass of observations accurately recorded . It in therefore desirable that medical informants should inquire specially in all couch whether the nttack of cholera commences by " diarrhoea , " and Htato tho interval in hours and days between tho appearance of < liurrhu : a and the prevention of the other characteristic symptoms of cholera . "Last week the 81 $ deaths from cholera occurred as follow —In Mm , West Districts 2 , in the North , fi , in tho ( Vntrul 3 , in tho lOast 24 , and in those <> n tho South mdn Thame . % 40 .

      Uiktiis, Marriages, And Deaths. Ulittjih...

      UIKTIIS , MARRIAGES , AND DEATHS . UlItTJIH . On the 16 tti of August , at Victoria , HoiiK-Konp , tho wlf « of LumtenanMJolonel flrlffln , Commanding Royal Artillery in China i " On ' tho iilHt October , at PoUmden , the Lady Mary Furcmhur : u * '" in Yho 22 ml , at J'hilorth , AbordooiiHhtro , tlio Lady Waltoun : ft On ' the 25 th , at Hrockloy-Court . RoniorwotHlilro , tlio wlfb of Henry Smyth PIroU ., Kb « i . t a diiUKhtor .

      On the 25 th , at Langley-park , the Marchioness of Chandos : a daughter . On the 26 tli , at North Mimms-place , Herts , the Lady Rosa Greville : a son , who survived his birth but a short time . MARRIAGES . On the 13 th October , at Arndilly . BanfMiive , Hamilton Forbes , Esq ., Bengal Cavalry , to Elizabeth , third daughter of the late Hon . William Fraser , of Saltoun , and sister of the present Lord Saltoun . On the 19 th , at All Saints ' , Leamington , Warwickshire , the Rev . Francis Whelor Molony , second son of . TamoK Molony , Esq ., of Kiltanon , county of Clare , to Harriot , eldest daughter of Captain George Baker , Roynl Navy . On the 22 ml , at Lowisham , by the Hon . and llev . Henry Lcgge , Mr . Alfred Georgo Kennedy , to Elizabeth , youngest daughter of John Hall , Esq ., Commander R . N . On the 25 th at St . Peter ' s Church , Pimlico , William Brodrick , Esq ., eldest Bon of the Hon . and llov . W . J . Brodrick , rector of Bath , and nophow of Viucoimt Midleton , to Augusta Mary , third daughter of the Right Hon . Sir Thomas Francis FremanUe , Bart , of Swanbourne , Bucks . On the 25 th , at Putney , Captain Georgo G . Wellcsley , R . N ., youngCHt son of the late lion , and Rev . Gerald Wollealey , D . D ., to Kli / . abotb Doughty , youngest daughter of tlio Into Robert Lilian , Umi ., of tho War-oilice . D 10 ATHS . On the 1 st of August , at Calcutta , tho Rev . William Ord RuHpini , M . A ., gromluon of the iivKt Chevalier Runpini . On tho 21 Ht of Boptcmbor , at St . Georgo ' H , Bermuda , of tho prevalent malignant yellow fever , Lieutenant-Colonel Thomau Congrevc Itoho , commanding tho Royal Artillery in thorni inlands . Lieutcnant-Colonol Robe waH tho third oon of the lato Colonel Sir William Robo , K . C . B ., K . T . S ., and K . C . H ., of the Royal JIoiho Artillery , and is tho fourth of that onlcor ' fl hoiin who have diod whilo Hocving their country on foreign Htations ; aged fifty-four . On the flth October , at sea , on board the steamer Hope , CharloB Wethorod 1 ' eavH , Lieutenant R . N ., aged forty-nix . On the 10 th , perished at sea , by the foundering of tho ship J ) a / houme . oil" Koochcy-hoad , on their paHHago to Sydney , JMr . John Underwood , Iuh wife , Mary Anne , and their three children , Katherino , Frederick , and Alfred , late of Clapham-park and itauHtoad , Surrey . On the 10 th , lid ward Lloyd Ward , Esq ., Firot Lieutenant in tho Roy ' ul Donliigh RiiloH , ' and tjoii of TIiouioh Edward Ward , . KHq ., of tho Lodge , Chirk , aged thirty-nine .

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      Monj3y Ma11ickt Ant) City Intj3lligkncr....

      MONJ 3 Y MA 11 ICKT ANT ) CITY INTJ 3 LLIGKNCR . Friday Evoninff , Ootobor 28 , 1853 . Consols oj > encd well thin morning upon the intelligence of ho much gold having arrived , and were done atl * 2 & , but tlio information jimt arrived that hoHtilitlcH have commenced between RuHHia and Turkey , haw led to renewed saloH of stook , whereby the prieen aro now lowered to 1 ) 3 t , o 02 | . Tho Now Threo-and-ii-CJuiurtor por Contfl . have boon quoted 0 » J to o : tft , and tho Threp per CentN . Dig to ft . Eliot ludtu HLoek hmt bftou 247 to 200 . lixcliwiucr Billtt ,

      are still depressed , haying realized Is . discount to Is . premium . South Sea Old Annuities bring 99 J . Foreign Stocks have been very quiet . Spanish Three per Cent . Deferred Annuities are 21-f . Portuguese Four per Cents , bring 40 , and the Old Five per Cents . 42 £ . Peruvian Four-and-a-Half per Cents , have been quoted 70 & . Mexican Uonds have been firm at 24 £ $ . Brazilian Five _ per Cents , have been quoted 97 . Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents , have been at 62 £ . The Railway Share Market is extremely quiot , and the prices have given way generally in the few instances where sales have been made . Caledonian have dropped £ to $ , North Western , i to 1 , and Great Western i to $ . French shares have been about 6 s : to 10 h . lower . Tho Gold Mine Shares have been steady with moderate purchases , and the Australian Bank and Land Shares aro dearer . Tho arrival of the General Screw Steam Ship Company ' s ship Argo from Australia in sixty-four days , is justly regarded in the city oh another triumph of steam navigation . It is exceedingly important , too , that the attempt to come homo by way of Cape Horn has proved as successful m the case of a steamer as of some of tho clipper vessels that have mode the passage , and that tue Argo appears to have had scarcely any need to use her coaiH , having sailed tho greater part of . tho distance . CORN MARKET . Mark Lane , Friday , Ootobor 28 , 1853 . There has been a fair supply of Wheat , Barley , and Oats during tho week . Notwithstanding heavy rain boa fallen during yesterday and huft night , no advance has been established in the value oi Wheat since Monday . Oats aro 1 b . dearer and llarley iully maintaiiiH its previous valuo . It is statod that the export ot com lrom Turkey in prohibited by tho Ottoman Government ; but O » b prohibition is not supposed to extend beyond tho provinces now Constantinople . The markets in tho Baltic ports have advancou BovoraJ HhilliUgH sineo last week .

      British Funds For Tiik Past Week. (Closi...

      BRITISH FUNDS FOR TIIK PAST WEEK . ( Closing Phiokh . ) _ SatitrJ { Mond . Tueed . Wedn . Thur » . Ftid . Bank Stock 214 215 212 2 ) 2 214 3 per Oont . Red OOfc 0 OJ 0 () J 01 i 0 * 4 «»| 3 jior ( Jcnt . Con . AnH .... 01 J 01 } tt 5 02 } »^* '"* CoiihoIh for Account ... 01 ft 1 ) 1 * « 2 02 * » ff "» ! JJ per Cent . An ... ' . » 2 & D 2 J 0 'Jfr »» 2 y <{ * IM Now 5 tier Contn ' " •¦• ,, "" r'i Loii K Aiih . lfWO | 5 i 5 i Ri 6 6-l « r > fi- 'O fit JmlluSlook I 248 248 24 » 250 260 Ditto Bonds , . ( 21000 .. J 2 dia 2 d » V •••••; Ditto , under . L'l 000 ... ! : > P f | » ' V , Nx . IIIUh , JU 1000 2 d 4 p 4 p 8 p ; P f . \ Ditto , JU 600 4 p 4 p 4 p 3 p ; 1 Jj . Ditto , Small ' 4 p 4 i > 4 ]) ! i p __ iUi— ! -i-

      Foreign Vunjw. (Urn Ovvioiab Quotation N...

      FOREIGN VUNJW . ( Urn OvvioiAb Quotation nimiiffl «» VfaitK iwmrff Friday ICvimmo . ) , * Brazilian Bonds 07 JtuHHian Hond « , 1 fl 2 a , fip . C . w Ditto Hmull » 7 J RiiBHlw > 4 t iK ) r Oonlu ....... , Mexican U per Cents 2 'M Bunllnliw «^»^\ tf ail PortnguoHo 5 per CentH .... 42 * HpaniHh , » t > . Ofc New jw . # Mtto 4 percent , 4 $ *' o * uvii * n Bonds , 4 * !>• V «» *

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 29, 1853, page 20, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_29101853/page/20/