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Leader (1850-1860), 28th June 1856, Edition 2 of 2, Page 7

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      Continental Notes. Fkajick. The Senatus-...

      It is expected that the Empress will be confined in the course of a few days . B ( aron von Sommaruga and M . Solomon Brandeis have left for Bucharest , in order to obtain permission from JPrince Stirbey to establish a bank in Wallachia .

      Prussia . The King and Queen of Bavaria , accompanied by a numerous retinue , among whom was the Bavarian Prime Minister , Herr "Von Der Pfordten , left Munich on the morning of the 17 th instant , and proceeded to Augsburg , for the purpose of meeting and welcoming the King of Prussia , who had to pass through that portion of Bavaria , on his way to Wurtemberg . After the two royal parties had dined together , the King of Prussia continued his journey . At the railway terminus at , Stuttgard , he was received by the King of Wurtemberg , and was conducted by him to the royal schloss , where he took up his quarters . Count George Esterhazy , Austrian Minister at Berlin , died in that city on the morning of Tuesday , the 24 th inst ., of inflammation of the lungs .

      BELGIUM . The axletree of a carriage , in which the Count de Flandres was riding , suddenly broke ; the horses ran . away ; and the coachman aud footman were thrown from their places . The Prince , however , had the presence -of mind to retain his seat ; and the horses were at length stopped without serious injury being received by any one . HOLLAND . A difficulty which had arisen between Holland and the Republic of "Venezuela has been satisfactorily ar-Tanged by the non-official mediation of the French and -English consuls at Caraccas .

      DENMARK . The prospect of a conflict between Denmark and the United States ( says the Paris Presse ) is set aside for the moment . The Washington Cabinet , at the request of that of Copenhagen , has consented to a further prolongation for one year of the treaty of the 28 th of April , 1856 , and the prolongation of which for two months , has just terminated . The Americans who shall pass through the Sound and the Belts will continue to pay the dues without protest , but with reserve of theiT rights . Moreover , the question is to be settled by international negotiations before the end of the year . Such are the two conditions suggested by the United States and accepted by Denmark . It is said that the " good offices" of Kussia have contributed to this temporary arrangement .

      KUSSIA . The new Russian Cabinet is composed of the following individuals : —Foreign Affairs , Prince Gortschakoff—Messrs . de Tolstoi and Osten-Sackcn are his assistants ; Home Department , Prince Sergius Lanskoi ; President of the Council Of Ministers and of the Council of the Empire , Count Orloff ; War , General of Artillery Suchozanet ; Minister of the Imperial House and Head-Quarters , Lientenant-General Alderberg ; Chief of the Impe-Tial Staff , Baron Lieven ; Controller of the Empire , Lieutenant-General Annenkoff . General Tschevkin is the successor of General Klcinmichel , as Supreme Director of the Department of Public "Works and Communication by Land and Water . The portfolios for Naval Affairs , Finance , Justice , and Public Instruction , are in the same hands as they were when the Emperor Nicholas was living .

      It is spoken of in St . Petersburg as a fact ( says the Times Berlin correspondent ) , but apparently without any certainty of its correctness , that , on the arrival of the first English vessel at Cronstadt this year , the Russian sailors indulged in a considerable amount of menacing execration and bitter invective against the flag , and that when the crew went on shore it soon came to fisticuffs and a scuffle , in which an Englishman was killed . Whether true or not , it is an incident that , according to the private accounts that reach me of the state of feeling in Russia , may happen anj' day where our countrymen come into contact -with the Russians . In St . Petersburg , I am told , an Englishman is doubt-Icsb safe , except in such parts of tho town as are inhabited exclusively by the lower clusscs ; in tho rest of Russia , it would bo unwise of him to expose himself , and In Finland it would certainly bo attended with deplorable results for an Englishman to travel ulono just

      now . . ,. General . Tonkowski , Governor of tho Crimea , hus directed that all merchandize at Kamicsch or Bnlaklava must pay the customs' duties cither ut Kalafa or Juipatorla . In consequence , tho merchants huv o declined to remain , and will come uway in a body .

      ITALY . The subjoined oath of tlio Ituliau Sanfo < lcnti Society , or Association of " Defenders of tlio Faith "—a body under the especial favour and protection of tho police- - exhibits tho oxcorablo nature of tho crusade which tho advocates Of apirituul and temporal despotism have entered into for tho extermination of tlio Liberals * : — ' 1 , N . TT , In tho presence of the Almighty God , Father , Son , and Holy Ghost , of tho ovor immaculate- Virgin Mary , of the whole Celestiul Court , and of thee , honoured Father , ewoar to let iny right hand bo cut off , my throat cut , to die of hunger amid tko rao # l atrocious

      torments , and I pray the Lord God Almighty to condemn me to the eternal pains of hell , should I betray or deceive any one of the honoured fathers or brethren of the Catholic Apostolic Society , in which I this moment enrol myself , or should I not scrupulously fulfil its laws , or not render aid to my brothers in need of it . I swear to hold firm in the defence of the holy cause which-I have embraced ,, not to spare any individual belonging to the infamous gang of Liberals , whatever be his birth , parentage , or fortune , not to have pity for the tears of infants or of the aged , and to shed even to its last drop the blood of the infamous Liberals , without regard to sex or rank . Finally , I swear implacable hatred to all the enemies of our holy Roman Catholic religion , the only true one . "

      The political trials at Naples continue . On Saturday week , some extraordinary disclosures of the detestable character of the present Government came out in the hearing of the American and Prussian Ministers , the Sardinian Charge d'Affaires , and members of the English , French , and Prussian Legations . Europe , therefore , may be said to have sat by and listened to the infamy of King Bonoba and his creatures ; but great uneasiness is said to have been shown at the presence o : these officials , and a gentleman of the court was reprimanded by the Commissary of Police for having given facility to the entrance of the French attache . " During one portion of the proceedings , " says the Times correspondent , " the Attorney-General read a letter from

      the Neapolitan Consul at Genoa , in which he said it was impossible to procure the information which was desired , as , in consequence of the disorder which existed in that kingdom , it was of no use to apply to the Piedmontese authorities . The reading of this letter evidently produced considerable effect on the Sardinian Charge dAffaires . The leading incident of the day , however , was the examination of the Angustin monks in defence of their associate Padre Ruggiero . After one had been examined as to the character and conduct of the Padre , another was summoned before the court , who , after swearing to tell the truth by placing his hand on his heart , was asked some trivial questions which he answered so as completely to exculpate Ruggiero . He

      then exclaimed , ' I have sworn to tell the truth , and may God help me to do so . When the Commissary Campagna came to the monastery , he examined room after room . As to myself , he stripped ( unrobed ) me , threatened to lash and to imprison me . ' ( Great sensation . ) ' Do you tell the truth ? ' asked the President . ' I call God to witness that I do—that God who gave me my voice and strength . I must and will speak the truth . ' At this moment , not the slightest sound could be heard in the court—all were listening with the utmost attention ; the foreign Ministers bent over as if unwilling to lose a single word , and several of the judges shut their eyes as if to conceal any sign of agitation . ' Signor President , ' said the Attorney-General ,

      ' may I ask one question ? Was not the witness reputed to be mad ? ' ' Mad ! ' sneered the monk ; ' yes , I had a fever some five years ago . ' ' I never heard that he was mad , ' said another monk . ' I was informed that he was mad , ' said the Attorney-General , ' and that it would be unnecessary to take his ' deposition , ' notwithstanding that in the very earliest stage of the proceedings a considerable effort had been made to extort some information from him . This man , without the slightest charge being made against him , was imprisoned twclvo days . " The Superior of the Augustins spoke of the way in

      which the monks had been intimidated and ill-treated by Government , and the General of the Order deposed : — " One of the fraternity , after having been examined by Campagnn , and having deposed against Ruggiero , came to my room and , throwing himself at my feet , confessed that all ho liad said was fulse—that he had been menaced , and feared exile or tho Ergastolo . " The writer in the Times adds " that the statute law of 1818 , which waa a spontaneous act of tho King , and solemnly sworn to by him , lias never been abrogated . That statute abolished forever special criminal courts ; consequently , the present , trial and the sentences that may be pronounced ure illegal .

      There has been a iight at Naples between the Constitutionalists and tho discip les of the San Fedcsti , on the occasion of a fete given by the latter . Tho police interfered , and sixteen men were arrested . A revolutionary movement , on a largo Hcnle , nnd attributed to Mazzini , in now , according to letters from Italy , in course of preparation along the whole line of tho peninsula . A number of Romans have subscribed to a ineclnl to Count Cuvour , in acknowledgment of lib upcnking at tho Conferences in tho name of Ituly .

      A Horiou . s ini . HundoraUiiuling has arisen between Austria and Purmn , owing to tlio Duohcss of tho latter having openly expressed her contempt of tho former for entering into uu alliance with " such a court as that of Irnnce . This camo to the ears of tho AiiHtriuns in the Duchy , and they communicated with their friends at Yionna . Tho DuohesH Is auid to have exclaimed with groat excitement that " flho would rather hoc her territories exposed to the attacks of tho revolutionary party than be longer obliged to Austria for protection . " 1 ho Auatnan troopH will probably retire ¦ fr om Parma . A largo part of tho Turkish Empire itf in . a very

      disturbed state . Nearly the whole of Arabia is in revolt Great excitement-prevails in Syria . A considerable part of Asia Minor occasions much disquietude ; at Gasarea , disorders are apprehended , and the whole of-the garrison has been under arms , in European Turkey , Bulgaria , Macedonia , Thessaly , and Epirua , are in a very unquiet state . Constantinople itself is agitated by the animosity of thtf Mussulmans to the Christians . There has been a rumour of a vast conspiracy at Galata ; but this appears to be false . It is said that the Snltan-intends-ttfxlisjday the standard of the Prophet , which has not been seen since the revolt of the Janissaries , and to make -the people swear before it that they will faithfiilly observe the last Hatti-Humayoun . Rechid Pacha has left for Egypt on a visit to file ¦ Viceroy . TUBKET . The Turkish journals confirm the demolition by the Russians of the fortifications of Reni andTsmatl . ' The engineer officers employed on this duty have 'H ]( tOO workmen under their orders . The stones taken from the ramparts are placed on board . small craft , which convey them to Odessa . In stating these facts , the journals Of Constantinople recal the declarations of Lord Clarendon , according- to which the fortifications now destroyed ought to have been preserved . The town of Kara has been restored to Turkey . The fortress of Redout Kale has just been evacuated by the Turkish troops . Kipris Pacha , it is said , will be appointed Ambassador of the Porte at St . Petersburg . Ferrek Khan is to go to Paris as Ambassador from the Shah of Persia . SPAIN . The Spanish Minister for Mexico sailed from the Havanna , on the 22 nd , for Vera Cruz , on board -the frigate Isabella II ., accompanied by five other ships of war , under the command of Brigadier Pinzon . The Queen has had a miscarriage . Disturbances have broken out at Valladolid and "Valencia , and it is uncertain whether they be quelled or not . THE DAKUBIAN IMtlXCIFALITIES . The Sultan , instead of appointing Kaimakans to act during the intermediate time between the present state of things and the new organization of the Principalities , has determined on retaining the Hospodars .

      June 28,1856j The Leader. 607

      June 28 , 1856 J THE LEADER . 607

      Our Civilization. —?—Jo1in Sadleir Paint...

      OUR CIVILIZATION . —?—JO 1 IN SADLEIR PAINTED Bl HIMSELF . In the course of the inquiry , before the Irish Master of the Rolls , into the affairs of the Tipperary Bank , the following astounding letter of the late John Sadleir to his brother James was read : — "London , 81 st December , 1855 . " TIPPEKAIiY JOINT-STOCK . BANK . "My Dear Jabies , —The accounts should be made out treating the paid up capital as lOO . OOOJ . on the 81 at December , 1854 ; therefore , the requisite number of shares to make this account square should be entered as vested in A . Forrall , Esq ., and he should be debited accordingly in an account in respeetof tho shares . The ' Reserved Fund' should be treated as 14 , 072 / . 0 s . 8 d . on the 31 st December , 18 . 04 , It will not be requisite to print and circulate among . st the Irish shareholders a balance sheet , but as all tho English shareholders are In the habit of getting from every bank in which they hold shares a printed balance sheet each half-year , we must give them a printed balance sheet at least once a year , and for the year ending ttlst December , 1865 . " By this means , the present English shareholders will double tlieir present holdings in the Tipperary Bank , and I dare say the balance of the 100 , 000 / . of stock-will be quickly taken up . " Now , I know many of the English joint-stock banks , in order to give n good nppeurauco to their balance , have constantly trebled the amount of thoir balances , & o . &< v , by muking a series of entries , whereby they appeared , to have assets and liabilities to four times the amount they really possessed or had . This hns always been kept very quiet—and what nt first was a kind of fiction became gradually to be boi . a Me . 1 okoIoso you the figures I iravo Law ( i . e . Farmery . John L « w ) , and some few others , and tho bulanco sheet for the year ending December 31 , 1855 , should be framed so as to tally wtUl this balance sheet for tho year ending December 81 , 1854 Ah increase of nbout 1 ) 0 , 000 / . in the item g © t customers' balances , & c . & c , should bo made to appear . Tho item trade fixtures should be increased or decroawea

      as you considered best . "Tho way to shove the customers' balance * up w > m » y 759 22 itf . 10 s . 2 d ., or thereabouts , would l *» of cotrrmi by crediting certuin accounts-deposit or current accounts , or Loth , and debiting certain other acaounts for sums which in the whole would tepresont 6 ho £ « ne . For example , six or seven deposit receipts " . W j " ~ to mo foremen and auch sums , amounting in " £ **"" to four or five hundred thouBftnd pounds , . and ttMm W « r or five nccounta might bo opened , uucu us

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), June 28, 1856, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_28061856/page/7/