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Leader (1850-1860), 28th January 1860, Edition 2 of 2, Page 19, RECORD OF TEE WEEK. HOME AND COL.ONIAL O...

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      Letter From Germany.. Hanovbh, January 2...

      four questions were debated , viz . ( 1 . ) The right of settlement—a very serious matter for Germany at present , when it costs hut a few dollars to carrv a family to America , where land . is cheap , and settlement and citizenship to be had for the asking . ( 2 . ) The treatment of German ships in foreign ports , particularly in those of France , Holland , and Spain . It was proposed to agitate for measures of retaliation , but , after a lively and intellectual debate , free trade principles prevailed . ( 3 . ) Uniformity of weights and measures ; ( 4 . ) The division of landed property . The discussion upon this last subject led to some curious revelations as to the modifications which the custom of gavelkind has undergone in different countries . In most parts of Hanover and Oldenburg land can be sold only by permission of the Government . In some parts the eldest son inherits the estate in other parts the youngest . This second meeting has

      excited so much interest that a third has been advertised to meet at Oldenburg , on the 22 nd and 23 rd of June next , when it is proposed to challenge to public discussion the supporters of the guild laws in these quarters . On the 16 th inst ., the Legislative Assembly of Frankfort adopted the resolution to abolish all the privileges of the guilds in that city , and thereby enable every man to gain his living according to his industry and capacity . Among other instances of the blind injustice of these twopenny-halfpenny oligarchies , a member of the Assembly stated that a poor woman who sold bread in a hut , just outside the Gallus Gate , was only permitted by the bakers' guild to do so on condition that her hut had no windows . the Prussian Government laid before the

      On the 16 th inst ., . Upper Chamber the draft of the law relating to marriages , adopted during last session by the Chamber of Deputies ; and the draft of a law respecting marriage settlements in the province of Westphalia . In the Chamber of Deputies at the same time were exhibited , the budget for I 860 , four drafts of a law for regu , lating the land tax , debated last session , and amended , so that eight per cent , of the nett proceeds is to form the rate for the entire monarchy ; and a bill brought in by the Minister of Trade for the suppression of usury . The Minister of the Interior has announced the presentation of a bill defining the electoral districts . . The revenue of 1860 is calculated at one hundred and thirty-one million

      thalers . ^ The Conferences opened at Berlin on the 11 th inst ., upon the question of the coa 3 t defences , are concluded . The plenipotentiaries of the several states concerned have adopted the proposals _ Prussia , which will be shortly submitted to the Federal Diet for its agreement , with the points touching Federal territories of governments holding alooFfrom the Conference . It is asserted in military , circles , that whatever may be the issue of the . question , Prussia ha 3 resolved to make the fortress of Minden in Westphalia the centre of her defensive system ; : .

      At the sitting of the Federal Military Commission lately , when the revision of the military regulations of the Germanic confederation was brought under consideration by the Wurtzburg Conference Stales , the Prussian plenipotentiary gave an explicit declaration as to the basis upon which Prussia was disposed to accede . Prussia declares that no good can be expected to result from the revision proposed , unless in tlie first place every article practically impossible be expunged from the Federal war compact . Among the articles practically impossible , Prussia reckons above all those relating to the selection and tlie responsibility of the Federal General in chief . At present , according to Article 11 th , when war is declared and tlie armies of the Confederation are mobilized by resolution of the Diet , the forces of the several States become instantly one grand whole ,

      tinder the command of the General appointed by the Diet . The , Federal Commander ' s authority is supreme . Hehimself draws up and executes the plan of operations ; and all the commanders of the several armies are bound to stiow implicit obedience , for ho alone is responsible for the conduct of the war . This , in the opinion of Prussia , is the theory , but is not , nor ever can be , the practice . The several contingents are independent organisations , and the military suzerainty of tl » e individual States is carefully preserved . There is further to bo considered" that the federal contingents of the two great powers of Germany , Austria and Prussia , stand not only independent and isolated , as do all the smaller contingents within the army of the Confederation , but that they form integral parts of two other armies , which arc beyond the control of the Diet ; the Austrian contingent being part of the Austrian army , the Prussian contingent being- part of the Prussian army . And these two contingents form by far the most important part of the Federal army . Is it likely ,

      argues Prussia , that the royal Prussian contingent or imperial Austrian contingent > vill separate itself from the main body for the purpose of joining a new military organisation which till that moment hardly existed , and with which it may possibly have little or nothing in common ? It is opposed to the nature of things , which , in case of wnr , would tend to unite the smaller contingents with the larger ; that , in fact , the leasev States must Iqan for support upon the larger military organisations of Austria and Prussia . The article of the Federal military compact relating 1 to the chief command , Prussia declares to be totall y impracticable ; for neither a King of Prusaift nor an Emperor of Austria would ever surrender his military suprqmnoy over ft part of his army , or descend from his position ns comin ( mder-m-chief , to become the subaltern of the Federal Diet . This view of the question wna borne out by the events of 1840 and 18 & 9 . Prussia , proposes , ns the sole resource , a , double leadership , — -Austria on the « ono part , Prussia On the other . The principle of tlie double leadership of the Federal avmy must

      form the basis of the revision . In thp . accoutrements of the Prussian infantry , the following alterations have boon proposed by a Commission of Inquiry , which

      has just terminated its sittings at Berlin : ( 1 . ) Head-dress * instead of the present " Pickel Haube , " in use since 1843 , a very lowcrowned helmet , without any ornaments , the fore and hind peaks to be retained as in the present helmet ; the ^ chin straps to be of leather instead of brass . ( 2 . ) The . coat to be 6 f loose cut , and doublebreasted * lapping well over chest and abdomen ; either a tttrn-dotrn collar , or if upright scooped out in front . ( 3 . ) Troiisers to remain of the same cut , but without lining-, instead of which each man £ o > be supplied with drawers . ( 4 . ) One pair of boots , with tops twelve inches long , and so wide as to admit of the "trousers being tucked into them when the troops are on the march or manoeuvering ; and a stout pair of shoes in the knapsack . ( 5 . ) Belts to be thinner and narrower , and side arms altogether of smaller size . ( 6 . ) AH wood in the knapsacks to be removed , the lining to be of papier-mache ^ steeped in a preparation of gutta percha ; they are to be one inch and a half lower , and one inch narrower . Straps to be retained , bub thinner and narrower . The officers to wear no epaulettes , and carry

      revolvers . , , The bulletins published from time to time respecting the king or Prussia ' s health have been hitherto very laconic , though so worded as to hold out hopes of an ultimate recovery . Since the opening of the Prussian Chambers , however , the bulletins have become much , more explicit , and . the world is informed that His Majesty is progressing so favourably , as to be able to take exercise in the open air for hours together . On the other hand , the Regent has issued an order prohibiting the opera balls arid other courtly festivities usual at this period , on account of the precarious state of the king .

      Jan. 28, I860.] The Leader And Saturday ...

      Jan . 28 , I 860 . ] The Leader and Saturday Analyst . 95

      Record Of Tee Week. Home And Col.Onial O...

      RECORD OF TEE WEEK . HOME AND COL . ONIAL ON Tuesday , Jan . 24 i , Queen Yictoria in state opened the second session of the sixth Parliament of her reign . Our Parliamentary summary will be found elsewhere , —On the 17 th January , Prince Alfred arrived at Florence , and on the 20 th he rejoined the JEuryalus , at Leghorn . The public health is slightly improving ; the Registrar-General ' s weekly return , on Tuesday , Jan- 21 , shows the mortality to be below the average .-deaths , 1 , 297 ; births , 1 , 858 ; prevailing disease , bronchitis . 1 . . On Friday , Jan . 20 , died Sir W 7 C . Ross , R . A ., the great miniature painter ¦ , aged sixty-six- he is said to have paintedtwo thousandportraits . —On Monday , Jan . 23 , expired the Right Hon . M . T . Baines , aged sixty ; he was : a Queen ' s Counsel , and had been Recorder of Hull , President of the Poor Law Board , and Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster ; entered the House of Commons in 1847 . Oh Wednesday , Jan . 25 , a meeting was held of the Ballot Society ; Lord Teynham agreed to introduce a measure , embodying the ballot , into the House of Lords 5 Mr . Berkeley was requested to bring it into the House of Commons . —On Monday , Jan . 23 , the Northern Reform Union met at Newcastle , to discuss the prospects of a satisfactory reform measure being- passed . —On the 252 /* Jan ., the Liverpool Chamber of Commerce passed a resolution approving of the Emperor Napoleon ' s new commercial policy . —On the same dayan assembly of the inhabitants of Chelsea was held to further

      , their claims to representation ; Mr . Torrens M'Cullagh addressed the meeting . —On TImrsday , Jan . 26 , a deputation waited on Lord John Russell , with a petition to Parliament in favour of Parliamentary reform , signed by ten thousand citizens of London . Hia Lordship agreed to present the petition . —An influential and enthusiastic meeting of the citizens of Glasgow was held on Thursday , Jan . 2 Qth , to sympathise with the Protestants of Hungary in then struggle for civil and religious freedom . Mr . Henry Dunlop , of Craigton , was in the chair , and the speakers were the Rev . Drs . William Anderson , Smyth , and Robson ; Revs . George Jeffery ; John Henderson , of Park ; Alexander Hastie , ex-M . P . ; William Paton , Chairman of the Chamber of Commerce ; and Bailie Young . Some strong

      resolutions were passed ,, and it was determined that the resolutions should be sent to Kossuth for transmission to Hungary . On Wednesday , Jan . 25 , the Convocation for the province of Canterbury assembled . In the Upper House the question of occasional services was discussed ; in the Lower House a demonstration wag made ogainst the abolition of chiireh rates ; both houses adjourned tiUFebruary . ' — A great meeting of Roman Catholics was held at Newcastle-on-Tyno on Monday , Jan . 23 , to express sympathy with the Pope ; an address to the Pope was adopted , and resolutions condemning the public press .- —On the same day at Edinburgh , a large meeting memorialized Government for the release of Martin Esoalaute , a British subject , sentenced in Spain to nine years' penal

      servitude for distributing Bibles tliero . —On ' JMesaay , Jan . a * ,, a . crowded meeting- was hold in the Regent ' s Park Chapel , at which it was proposed to petition Parliament to put down Sunday bands in the parks ; this was negatived , and an amendment in favour of the music On Wednesday , Jan . 25 , was launched at Portsmouth the Prince of Wales screw steamer , 4000 tons and 131 guns ; the Prmcegs of Leiningen named the new ship . — -On the same day a rifle corps was 60 t on foot at University College , T j < . i « On Saturday , Jan . 21 , John Bngshaw , late M . P . for Hytho , appeared'in the Chehnsford County Court to be , discharged undor him to iu monwui

      the Insolvent Act ; the judge sontoncoa emimprisonment , for fraud on the opposing creditor ; afterwards , on payment of debt and costs , ho was permitted to bo released—On . Wo mmoday was tried the ease of Lavhrne , aVoboo player ,. »*»» " * E . T . Smith , lessee of Drury Lano Theatre , for breach ot on « r «» b'o-

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 28, 1860, page 19, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_28011860/page/19/