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    Dec. 27, 1851.] &f)tf HcaKeV. 1227 ¦ ^mi...

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    CONTINENTAL NOTES. The following extract...

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    Commerce Adheres To The Coup D'Etat, And...

    . - ands of Socialism . ' On another , equally large , were Vive Louis Napoleon Bonaparte — the man who saved us ; and may he soon be our Emppror ! ' < > Ton ! in the name of family , of religion , and of property . t " the name of family , for France cannot be ruled by _ » ( Here follows an indecent expression . ) 'In the a me of religion , for France cannot be governed by those " ho pay no regard to that of their neighbours . JSTon !' ? QUi that Bonaparte may be always our President . ' < Vive le Neveu de l'Empereur ! ' 'Heaven protect our prince . ' 'He has saved France . ' 'Long live the Emperor Napoleon and his Nephew I' "

    Dec. 27, 1851.] &F)Tf Hcakev. 1227 ¦ ^Mi...

    Dec . , 1851 . ] & f ) tf HcaKeV . 1227 ¦ ^ miMiH > T * T" ~~—«— - - — - - *— -- *— - ¦^• i - - \— ¦** M ii * n i in'Jtii > - i w" ¦ " " -- J

    Continental Notes. The Following Extract...

    CONTINENTAL NOTES . The following extract from , a private letter from Vienna , dated December G , though not new , is interesting : — " The snow lies deep and the cold" is intense . Sledges are jingling about , and every one is wrapped in furs or in warm clothing . I have got a comfortable room with double doors and windows , and a large porcelain stove . "Wood is the only expensive article . Everything has , however , lately risen in price , owing to the pape ' r money . There is no gold or silver in circulation ; only notes varying from twopence to a pound . Though these bear on their face that their full value may be obtained at the State-office , for the last two years this has

    not been the case ; they have , consequently , sunk in value , and are at least—for they vary every day—at 25 per cent , discount . Vienna is under the strictest military law , and is literally crammed with soldiers and police . Politics are . of course , never mentioned , or only in whispers , and with a timidity that anpears incredible . The Kossuth demonstration and the French news have mnde the police more strict . To-day there is a proclamation pasted on the corners of the streets , warning the inhabitants against having in their possession any forbidden books or papers , and I am told several houses have already been searched . The University has for some time been converted into a barrack ; and the medical students are sent to one suburb , and the literary

    to another . " " The police have seized on the library presented by various patriotic booksellers to the Frankfort Assembly . The books are worth 12000 florins at the least , and were never intended by the donors to gratify the Diet , which was believed to have been for ever dead . Waggons have been coming and going for several days to and from St . Paul ' s Church , removing the furniture and fittings used by the Assembly , and in a few days the building will be given up to the clergy . The ' Piedmontcse Gazette of the 20 th declares itself

    authorized to state that a document ( which , like many other journals , it had published in a preceding number ) , purporting to be a diplomatic note addressed to Mr . Webster by Chevalier Hulsemann , Austrian Charge d'Affaires at Washington , on the subject of slavery in the United States , is apocryphal , and a mere invention of an Abolitionist paper . It is said that there is but one theme constantly commented on by members of every party and profession at Koine . Cardinals , prelates , officers , soldiers , foreigners , and natives , all discuss the probable consequences of the late coup a I tat in France , everybody according to his own principles . The ultra-Papal party exult at the presumed imminent downfall of the . Republic , and already seem to hail a I ' rench Empire with delight .

    The Pope has ; given the grand cross of Pius IX . to Senor . s Bravo Murillo , ( I . Jtomcro , and ]> ertrnn de Iiis ; and the commandership of that of Gregory the Cirent to Senor Fernando Alvarez , Under-Secretaiy of Grace and Justice , in connection with the celebration of the concordat . The Queen of Spain was delivered of a princess on the 20 th . The Hc . raldo of Madrid of the IGth states that orders had been sent , by telegraph to Cadiz , to sot at liberty the American prisoners taken at Cuba .

    The IC )) oca gives an account ol the prosecutions instituted against the Madrid press by the existing cabinet , which has not been in power quite a year . The Kttropa , has been suppressed and fined . 'SO , 000 reals ; the Minulo Nucvo , the Mun / a , and the Tnbunadcl , i ' ucbh , have been repeatedly seized , lined , and have censed to appear ; the Navion has been seized eleven times , fined 20 , 000 reals , and bus an editor in prison ; the llvraldo haw been seized ten times , is

    printed under ( he surveillance of the police , and him one of its editors in prison ; i . hcf . ' oiistifia-io / ia / hn ^ hcrn seized three times , and fined 20 , 000 reals ; the I'lpoca seized seven limen ; tlie Observudnr , the (' atolico , and tin ; IVovcdades , have also been seized several times . It was expected thai ; if the Cortes did not meet in the course of a . short time , M . Isturiz , M . Henalua , and M . de Ayllon would leave at the beginning of January I > r their diplomatic posts at . London , Merlin , and Vienna . The excessive drought in the provinces

    continues . We ropy from the ' Dcmakrata . Volski , mi extract from u letl ' er of its own correspondent , written from Poland : — "You doubtless know that all your letters pass through the hand . s of an army of public ollicers , and am only delivered to the persons to whom they iirn directed , alter a dose examination , and very often not delivered at all . . .. I > o not suppose it was wit . li : "i eye of indiU ' erenen we looked on t . he events ol I Hi !) . Oli , no : our wrongs , and the humiliation we

    endured , must be revenged , and we were quite ready for a great action , when the news of Georgy ' s treachery interrupted our preparations . It was with fear the Russian troops in 1849 marched to Hungary ; and although four corps of the active army , with four reserve corps of cavalry , went thither , they deemed those forces insufficient , and held in readiness another corps of reserve . When the Tzar , at the beginning of the campaign , received unfavourable tidings from his army , he , actually foamed with rage , and it was then that the gendarmes received a sec ret order to destroy all the archives concerning the inquisition and persecutions in Poland , thus for ever erasing all traces of barbarity , should the army be compelled to

    retreat . The Tzar was at that time in such an . unsettled state of mind , that he even began to mistrust Prince Paskevich , and already thought of replacing him by Vorontsoff , whom he , for that purpose , ordered to come to Warsaw . The Russians lost during that campaign 20 , 977 men by typhus fever alone . Their deserters amounted to 1690 . The number of killed never transpired ; the army bulletins always reported a few men on their side only as being killed , whilst on that of the Hungarians the number was always a couple of thousands that had perished ; but what is quite certain is , that the regiments returning from Hungary were reduced to the half of their original force , and the men Avere so exhausted and attenuated , that they had the

    appearance of living corpses . " After the army left for Hungary , the so-called kingdom of Poland and Lithuania were occupied by three corps , viz ., one of the active army , the corps of grenadiers , and that of t he life guards , amounting together to 180 , 000 men , with 360 pieces of ordnance ; meanwhile the 6 th corps and the reserve infantry ( 120 , 000 ) were stationed in Russia , more particularly in the ancient Polish provinces of V olhynia and Podolia . A secret association , however , in the midst of such a display of forces was formed , whose object was to overthrow the existing Government . But ,

    alas ! all was discovered , and some sixty young men were the victims ; they , of course , were all sentenced to death , but the Tzar commuted their sentence to sending them to the mines , or to serve as private soldiers in the Transcaucasian army , or to be incorporate d in the disciplinary companies . " After the campaign Nicholas reassumed with the greatest vigour his plans of Russianizing Poiand . He abolished the frontier between the kingdom and the other provinces , determined by the treaty of Vienna ; dissolved the Polish custom guards , and reorganized them along the frontier of Prussia , entirely composing them of llussian soldiers . In order to cramp as much as possible the education of the Polish vouth . it was ordained that only sons of

    recognized noblemen were to be admitted to the higher schools , whose terms were so enormously raised that even noblemen , unless very well off , could not send their sons to them . For the youths whose noble pedigree is doubtful or improved , separate schools have been established , the principal tuition in which is the Russian tongue , and arithmetic ou the socalled shchoty ( a wooden frame with brass wires , on which arc moveable wooden swivels ) . The merchants were obliged to submit to the corporation laws existing in Russia . Finally , Poland is to lose her very name , and to assume that of New Russia . At Vilna , Kovno , andBrzese-Literski , three Catholic churches have lately been violently transformed into schismatic

    synagogues . " The Polish youth is no more to be enlisted into the Russian regiments of light cavalry as lancers and hussars , but in those of cuirassiers and heavy dragoons , because the latter are always garrisoned in the depths of Russia ; and even those who now serve in the light cavalry , whether officers or privates , are to be removed to the regiments of heavy horse . ' Such is . alas ! the state of our unhappy country .

    AVc , nevertheless , do not despair , but are ever ready for any sudden emergency ; for we feel tliat we live in a great epoch , and are persuaded that the fermentation which began in 1 H 1 S must , eventually have a salutary end . We are not without communication ; we know pretty well what i * going ou abroad , but our news are not always correct—nay , sometimes iiicoinpreheiiHihle . The year T > 2 in to widen our political horizon ; let us therefore be patient and confident . "

    THE ANGLO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE . The necessity for nn Anglo-American alliance to parry and suppress tin ; coming Continental blockade , grows every day more distinct . The following passage in from the letter of the Vienna correspondent of the MorniiKj ( 'hroniclr , of December 20 . " As there appears to he . little or no doubt of Louis Napoleon obtaining an immense majority , and of his position becoming firmly erttublitmcd , England Hhould of in

    look to herself , for the backward tendency things ( Jermany in but too apparent ; and , coupled with the feeling of hostility now entertained by the ( JovcrnmcntH abroad towards Great , Britain ( wherein AuHtria hIiukIh preeminent ) , it in inipoKHible to n \ y what new allianeeit may not . devise , to undermine Knglish influence , ami keep out . Kiiglndi goods from the Continent .. These hostile dcinonst . iat . ionn will , it is positively afKrmod , open with a HUCP . cHHiou of potty aimoyaneeH , inflicted upon . English Hubjectu travelling in Auatria , by way of repritmlu

    for Lord Palmerston ' s flirtations with the Democratic refugees . Then will follow a gigantic effort to throw off the yoke of English manufacturing supremacy , by drawing something very like a prohibitive cordon across the sea ; ' and , if Prussia and the Zoll verein , with the Northern Stafet , will only consent to join the group of Protectionists who are about to meet in Vienna , something may be do , ne . " Mr . Robert Walker has declined the invitation to dine at Southampton with , the Mayor and merchants of the borough . In his letter in reply to the note of invitation we find the following energetic passages on the " Anglo-American Alliance , " now become a Btanding head in the Times : —•

    " I thank you also for the kind and cordial sentiments you have been pleased to express in regard to my country . It is most clearly the interest and duty of England and America to encourage and maintain the most friendly relations . In some remarks heretofore made by me in your city , I took occasion to express the opinion that a neighbouring republic , so-called , based upon half a million of bayonets and a state of siege , would soon be merged in absolute or imperial power . Those predictions are already fulfilled , and France is now passing into a government more military and despotic than any that prevails in Europe , because it is purely the government of the army , and of a single chief . Already this fearful change is hailed with delight by all the despotic Powers ,

    and especially by Russia , Austria , and Naples . The Continent has become despotic , except a few remaining points , which are already menaced , and where t ^ ie light of liberty , it is feared , will soon be extinguished . These islands alone remain to breast the fury of despotic power ; and already it is intimated that it may become necessary to reestablish against England the continental system of the first Napoleon . The principle of tjje despotic Powers will be this , that England must refuse an asylum to the exiled victims of continental oppression , and that she must abandon the liberty of speech and of the press . The question , I fear , will soon be propounded to England . Will you relinquish all the principles of free

    gQvernment , and sink quietly into the abyss of despotism ? Or will you manfully resist ; and , if so , when , and how , and where , are you willing to begin the resistance ? Will you wait until every free Government is overthrown on the Continent ? Or , when the principle of armed intervention from abroad announces its determination to subvert these Governments , will you then interfere for your own security , and while yet you may have friends and allies upon the Continent ? Should the latter be your wise and patriotic resolve , and should you , in that event , desire the cooperation of my country , it will be given by the Government , and sustained by the people , with zral and unanimity .

    " I know nothing , since the days of the Crusades , that could excite in America a feeling so deep , universal , and enthusiastic , or which would call out so many millions , if necessary , of my countrymen , as au invitation from you to your children in America to fight together the last great triumphant battle for tlie liberties of man . It would be a certain and an easy victory , achieved chit fly by the naval forces of England and America ; and , succeeding this victory , there would then be enduring peace and extended commerce . " Indeed , I doubt not , if ' England and America would inform the continental despots that they must not intervene beyond their own limits to overthrow other Governments , merely because they were free , that such , an annunciation would arrest ( lieir inarch in 1 H / 51 , as it did in 1820 , and accomplish the same result , without the necessity of war or bloodshed . "

    Miss Martincuu wrote ; in LSI' . ) with great foresight , almost inspiration , to an American journal ri letter , which now has direct bearings on this . subject , from which we cut the following passages . " We , —the whole population of Europe , — are now evidently entering upon a stage of conflict no less important in its issues , and probably more painful in its course . You remember how soon after the conclusion of the . Napoleonic , wars our great Peace Minister , Canning , intimated the advent , sooner or later , of a War of Opinion in Europe ; a war of deeper significance than . Napoleon could conceive of , and of n wider spread than the most mischievous of his quarrels . The War of Opinion which Cunning foresaw was in fact a war

    between the further and nearer centuries , —between Asia and . Europe , —between despotism and self-government . The preparations were begun long ago . The Barons at Kunnymede beat up for recruits when they hailed the signature of Magna . ( , 'hartn ; and t . he princes of York and Lancaster did their best , to clear the field for u . s and those who are to come alter us . The Italian Republics wrought well for us , aod so did the French Revolutions , one after the other , as hints and warnings ; and so did the voyage of your Mayflower and . the Swiss League , and the ( jerman Zollverein ; and , in short , everything that has happened for several hundreds of years . Everything has tended to bring our continent , and its resident nations to the knowledge ? that , the first principles of social liberty have now to be

    asserted and contended for , and to prepare the ansertois for the grcate . it conflict , that the human race ban yet . witnessed . It , is my belief that , the war has actually begun , and that , though there may be occasional lulls , no man now living will see the end of it . . . We have not u little to struggle for among ourselves , when our wholo force iff jieedeil iigainst the enemy . In no country of Europe is the . representative , system of government , more than a mere beginning . In no country of Europe is human brotherhood practically asserted . Nowhere are I lie principle H of civilization of Western Europe determined and declared , and made ; the groundwork of organized action , as happily your principled ur <» an agniiiHt those of your i . laveholding opponents , iiut , raw and ill-organized aa aro our 1 ' orccH , they will

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 27, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_27121851/page/7/