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Leader (1850-1860), 27th September 1851, Edition Country of 2, Page 7, CANTERBURY AND HIS "FRIENDS." Mr. ¦ Will...

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      Spanish And American Defiances. Magnific...

      rmmtrv ? Its vessels would be in danger everywhere , even upon the coasts of the Union ; trade would be Paral ysed , and the interests of commerce would rise laWst an unjust and sterile war . And what could be opposed to this plan of operations ? Nothing ; absolutely nothing . They might try the system of convoys ; but would there be sufficient men-of-war , considering all things ? Certainly not / But this is not the onJy harm we could do the United States . If our privateers ^ tear from them the trade of the Indies , we likewise , who hold the key of the Mediterranean , could prevent the passage of their vessels by only stationing in the waters of Cadiz and Ceuta a few steamers . " In fine , the United States would suffer ablockade , and only escape ruin by submission . "

      Simple Spain thinks the States could muster only 2 . few privateers , and that these would take nothing as there is nothing to take . Besides , Spain would make a terrible " demonstration" of strength calculated to make her " respected in future" : — " Yes , war for us wou ld be an advantage : we should gain in it a reputation which we require , as well as wealth , of which we have not a superfluity . It is not , then , for us to think of the results of hostilities ; the question is , whether we ought to provoke them . Because , if by sea

      we possess these advantages against a nation accounted more powerful than us , by land these advantages ar < 5 much greater , because there we cede to none in strength . " Bravo , Heraldo I An expedition from the United States Government against Cuba would only end in affording the Spanish soldiers the *« amusement of man-hunting . " And , even if the Spanish forces were beaten in the field , from the impregnable forts of El Morro and La Cabania a few lines on a bit of paper would let loose 500 , 000 negroes , " who would put an end to all the white race except the Spaniards . "

      Exquisite credulity : — " Spain would indeed lose the precious jewel she possesses in America ; but the United States would have made it a present to the barbarians of Africa after seeing her navy shattered , her trade annihilated , and a great part of her army destroyed . " And bo the rodomontade of dear hopeful Bombastes continues : — " Let our Government take this into account , and not hesitate in the path of patriotism . Let it look upon a war as inevitable , and prepare for it , albeit ample satisfaction is obtained for the present ; because we have already said that , some day or other , the Government of the United States will be forced into hostilities by the populace , which demands vengeance for the pirates shot in Cuba , unless it joins it voluntarily . "

      What will the bombastic Heraldo say when it reads the following in the columns of its namesake of New York . It is sufficiently strong and bold : — " Appearances indicate that the powers that be are extremely embarrassed in reference to the measures to be adopted as to our foreign affairs , the position of which is more critical at this moment than for many years past . They need the counsel of the great New England statesman at the seat of Government every day . Our Government must act firmly , and not betray the slightest symptom of knuckling to the European Powers , as to American affairs . The Governments of Europe have no more business to meddle in matters-on this continent , than this Government has to tell Austria and France that unless they do the people of Home justice , we will interpose in aid of Republicanism there . What if this country should say to England , we will aid oppressed ? What if notifAustria

      Ireland if she resists you we y , that we intend to aid any future Hungarian patriots who revolt against your tyranny ? This game of ' protection , ' as it is called—this doctrine of interference 'to preserve the balance of power , ' or to ' secure peaceful trade and commerce , ' is one we can play as to Europe , as effectually as the European Powers can in any part of this hemisphere . Our policy is peace and non-interference . The people of the United States are no Quixotic propagandists of Republican principles—they do not seek to enforce the blessings of political , civil , and religious freedom by the nword , or at the mouth of the cannon , or by the bristling bayonets of Koldiery . But we will not permit the Monarchical Powers of Europe to volunteer and intermeddle in the affairs of the American continent , to keep down liberty by force . France must not and shall not bave the Sandwich Inlands . We have not interfered with

      her proceedings in Algeria , or her holding Abd-el-Kader in slaver } ' away from his country—without apology , aa the whole affair may have been . She must not extend her conquests into the Pacific Ocean , merely to acquire the means to injure or annoy us hereafter . A powerful motive for resisting her is the little confidence to be placed in the permanency of her present so-called llepublieiui institutions . Great Britain and France must not intermeddle with Cubiv . "

      A N T 1-C O N V 1 C T L E A G U K . Lord (" jlrey has received a sharp proteHt from the ( ircat Austrulinn Anti-Convict League . It whh provoked by the arrival of two venbelH at Hobart Town having curgoeH of c . onvictH : — " II on art Town , May 21 ) . —My Lord , —You will have learnt ere thin , that tlie disregard of the moral , religious , and social welfare of this colony evinced by you in continuing to inundate it with the crime of the Britinh empire , him spread alarm and indignation throughout the Australian colonies . Despotic inlers have often invaded the temporal interests of their subjects ; but it remained for your lordship and the ministry of which you are a member to present the first example of a eonhtitutional Government invading and destroying the moral interests of a community . But you have not only dpnc this , you have violated a solemn promise , and have

      thus disregarded the honour of our Sovereign . Our petitions and prayers have been treated with contempt ; misrepresentation of our wishes has been added to insult , and through you the name of Tasmania has become a by-word among all nations . But Eng lishmen by emigrating have neither forgotten their rights , nor have they become indifferent to the honour of their Sovereign and their country . The Australian , colonies have therefore formed a league , and they are pledged to each other by their mutual interest * , their future destinies , their fellowship of weal and woe , and now by their solemn engagementnot to rest until transportation to their

      , shores be abandoned for ever . As the council of a branch of this great confederation , the undersigned haye just witnessed with feelings of indignation the arrival in the harbour of Hobart Town of the Lady Kennaway , from England , and the Black Friar r from Ireland ; the former with 249 male , and the latter with 260 female convicts ; and they herewith solemnly protest , in the name of Tasmania and of all the Australian colonies , against the introduction of these criminals into this community , as a violation of the pledge given by her Majesty ' s Government in 1847 , that transportation to these shores should cease . And have the honour to be , my lord , your most

      ohedient servants , " T . D . Chapman , W . Rout , A . M'NJboHTAN , H . Officer , J . Allport , J . Dunn , "W . Crooke , F . Hauler . " To the Right Honourable Earl Grey , Secretary of State for the Colonies . "

      Sept. 27, 1851.] Cfht 3ufr>Eg+ 915

      Sept . 27 , 1851 . ] CfHT 3 Ufr > eg + 915

      Canterbury And His "Friends." Mr. ¦ Will...

      CANTERBURY AND HIS " FRIENDS . " Mr . ¦ William Francis Rees Gawthorn , who so ingeniously extracted the opinion upon the laying on of hands from the Archbishop of Canterbury , and involved the good prelate in a hobble , has had his place taken by a more considerate correspondent , who has done his best to help Dr . Sumner out of the difficulty . The Reverend William Palmer , of Whitchurch , has respectfully submitted the following queries to his Grace : — ' First , whether the letter in question is to be considered as an official and authoritative document , or as an informal expression of private opinion ; and , secondly , whether it was your Grace ' s intention in that letter to state that the bishops and clergy of the Church of England generally are of opinion that episcopal ordination is simply non-essential to the validity of orders , in which case it might be dispensed with amongst ourselves ; or whether your Grace meant to include in the majority of which you spoke those who would be reluctant to pronounce positively on the invalidity of al ordinations to the ministry performed in foreign parts where episcopal ordinations could not be obtained though they would not consent that such ordinations should be introduced into the ^ Church of England , or recognized as conveying power to officiate in that Church . "

      To this " J . B . Cantuar" replies that Mr . Gawthorn fraudulently obtained the communication from him ; that he had no reason to suspect said Gawthorn , and that he not unfrequently received similar letters . " Mr . Gawthorn * 8 letter came to me as one of these , and whether concocted by himself , or with the assistance of others , I cannot think that it was otherwise than cleverly composed , or that it contained anything to excite suspicion . "M y answer was expressed in a manner which I certainly should nor . have adopted , ' in an authoritative or official document : ' or if I had believed that I was writing any other than a private letter . Still , inferences have been drawn from it , for which it furnishes no ground

      whatever . Otherwise , it would bo impossible that you should ask me whether ' it was my intention to state , that I myself , or the majority of our clergy , look upon episcopal ordination as non-essential to the validity of orders , so that it might be dispensed with among ourselves , ' or so ' that any others than those episcopally ordained could have power to officiate in our Church . ' This was no part of Mr . Gawthorn ' s inquiry—his inquiry ¦ was , whether in ' my opinion , or that of the majority of my brethren , these foreign clergymen were not truly pastors of the Church of Christ , but were to be considered as mere laymen . ' This I thought equivalent to the question whether we held that no person , in any country , or under any circumstances , could be entitled to minister in the Church of Christ , except through the imposition of episcopal hands .

      " 1 replied that 1 imagined this to be as far as possible from the general opinion , either among our bishops or elergv . I knew that neither our articles nor our formularies maintained such an opinion . I knew that many of our eminent , divines had disclaimed him h an opinion ; and I knew that such an opinion , if pursued to its consequences , would amount to declaring that no valid sacrament or other ministerial act bad ever been peiformed , except under an episcopal form of Government . And , therefore , I could not believe , and I still do not believe , that many of our clergy would venture seriously to maintain such an opinion .

      " To be convinced that episcopal Government , and , therefore , that episcopal ordination , is most agreeable to Scripture , most in accordance with primitive practice , and itself the ' more excellent way , is perfectly consistent with tht judgment of Hooker , that the lineal descent of power by apostolic succession is not , in certain cases , to be urged absolutely , and without any possible exception . —Book vii . chap . xiv . Bee alno book iii , chap . xi . " Unable as I nm to account for the misrepresentation to which I have , been subjected , 1 am gliul to find so proper an opportunity pf correcting them an your lettor affords . " 7 f p 3

      Socialism In Switzerland. We Have Receiv...

      SOCIALISM IN SWITZERLAND . We have received a few words from a gentleman in Switzerland , on this subject , which will interest our readers . He writes from Geneva : «• It has always seemed to me an incalculable advantage to the Democratic cause that there should exist in the centre of Europe a free Republic , speaking the three great Continental languages , and maintaining , amidst all the changes of other lands , its free press and power of Open Speaking . That it holds together may seem wonderful to some ; but it only

      proves that Freedom is a more powerful bond of union than differences of race and language are dissolvents ; and shows how the difficulties supposed to exist against a European Confederation of Peoples might be removed . The real danger to the Confederation arises from the intrigues of the Priestly Party in the Catholic Cantons , backed as they are by Austrian and even by Prussian sympathy and support . But even in their own Cantons there is a vigorous opposition to their pretensions , and the rest of the Confederation is watchful and determined .

      " I hear on all sides that Socialist Doctrines are rapidly spreading among the People , especially in the Cantons of Berne and Vaud . These views apply chiefly to the Land , as it natural in a country almost exclusively agricultural , and cause the larger proprietors to cry out piteously about the evil of the times . I have little doubt that such doctrines will be applied on a large scale before long in this country ; and it would be of considerable importance that their peculiar features should be studied by some one who could devote a few months to that purpose . —G . B ,. "

      A Revolution In Cotton-Spinning. We Have...

      A REVOLUTION IN COTTON-SPINNING . We have seen a model machine , recently patented by Mr . Kirkman , of Liverpool , which is , perhaps , the most important improvement since the days of Arkwright , and bids fair to create a perfect revolution in cotton , wool , and flax spinning . It exemplifies a new principle , and in a great measure supersedes the old . The machinery is very simple and inexpensive , and will produce more yarn , of a much better quality , in the same space , and with the same power . By this new principle Mr . Kirkman professes , and does actually put , a regular and permanent

      twist in rovings and yarns ; both ends being held fast , and neither end of the roving or yarn turning round . This , we believe , has hitherto been held , even by practical men ( but practical men once decried the steam-engine ) a physical impossibility , to be placed in the same category as perpetual motion . In worsted spinning , the importance and superiority of Mr . Kirkman ' s process will be more manifest than in cotton-spinning , the staple , being longer , requires less twist , and , with a never-failing independent taking-up power , any quantity of work desired may be turned off with the greatest possible regularity .

      The detailed specification of the machine will be found in recent numbers of the Patent Journal ; but many of our engineering or manufacturing readers may not be sorry to have the exact description before them at once : — " In the preparing or ' roving frame ' now used in worsted spinning , they have no independent governing power to take up , but rely upon the drag caused by the weight of the bobbin keeping pace with the drawing rollers which deliver the rovings at an uniform speed ; they are therefore worked at a very moderate and consequently disadvantageous rate , as it is necessary to regulate the taking up or winding of the roving on to bobbins or spools , according to their increased diameters . By the

      new plan this regulation of the speed is effected without assistance , the bobbins being turned by the friction of contact between their surfaces . and those of the drums or carrier cylinders , and the quantity of roving taken up in any given space of time will be equal to that discharged by the delivering rollers no matter at what speed they are made to rotate . The proper quantity of twist is put into the roving in its way down from the drawing or delivering rollers to the bobbins , by passing through a hollow tube or flyer , which is made to travel round the drum or carrier cylinder and bobbin , putting two regular and permanent twists into the roving or yarn at every turn of the flyer , both ends of the roving or yarn being held fast , and neither end turning round .

      " 'I he tube ' roving-frame ' is a most expeditious machine , but the rovings are entirely destitute of twist . The twist communicated by the rotation of the tubes being only momentary , for the purpose of giving cohesion to the filaments in their way to be wound upon bobbins . As the sliver is pinched at the one end between the delivering rollers , and at the other by the nozzle of the tube pressing upon the bobbins , it in obvious that the middle portion of it can receive no permanent twistwhat it receives in transit , is undone in the act of

      winding . The front rollers of the tube frame move from three to four times faster than those of the bobbin and fly frame : hence sixteen tubes of the former frame will turn off quite as much as nixty spindles of the . latter , and aro reckoned equivalent to them in their lir « t cost , bulk , and power of working ; but as the tube frame does not put any twist in the roving , they arc used only for coarse numbers : but . by the new plan the grand < 1 « -Bidcratum 18 accomplished , either by the flyer frame before alluded to , or by the new Hi . innii . g and twisting framed in heu of the tubes , so that the Huvim ? will be very considerable . " It is to be regretted that an invention of such paramount intcreat and consequence hud not been com-

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 27, 1851, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_27091851/page/7/