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    1132 THE LEADE R. [Saturday, '¦' . ¦ ¦' ...

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    The Spanish Cortes were opened on the 19...

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    C O N Tin K N T A L N O T10 S. 1>Kat1i O...

    she was designated successor to tho crown of Portugal , by virtue of the act of renunciation executed by Pedro , one of the provisions of which was that , upon coming of age , she should marry her father ' s brother , Dom Miguel , whom , it was desired , as a dangerous competitor for the throne , to satisfy by such arrangement . Another condition was , that she and her future husband should acknowledge the newconstitution . When Dom Miguel had accepted of this arrangement , had sworn to the constitution , been betrothed to the child Donna Maria , and received the regency , the young queen left Brazil , in 1828 , to sail for Europe . Miguel had , meanwhile ( June 30 , 1828 ) , declared himself absolute King of Portugal , and forbade theQueen to land . She was now compelled to come to England , where she

    was received by the court as lawful Queen of Portugal , but found no actual support , the ministry of the day secretly favouring the usurper . In 1829 , she returned to Rio Janeiro , with Amelia of Leuchtenberg , her subsequent stepmother , and lived there until 1831 , when her father found himself compelled to resign the crown of Brazil to his son , Pedro II . She then resided in Paris , while her father waged Avar for her rights in Portugal . After the taking of Lisbon , in September , 1833 , she made her entry into that city . On the 29 th of May , 1834 , Miguel renounced his claims , and retired to Italy , where he recalled his renunciation , and was acknowledged by the Pope , King of Portugal . Pedro now administered the government as regent and guardian of his daughter . His power , however , was soon exhausted ; and when , on the 18 th of September ,

    1834 , he announced to the Cortes that he was no longer able to conduct the government , that assembly declared the Queen of full age , by which means the intrigues of the competitors for the Regency were defeated . Maria now occupied herself with thoughts of marriage . Her choice fell upon Duke Charles-Augustus-Eugene-Napoleon , of Xeuehtenberg , who already had won her affections . On the 8 th of November she was married by proxy , at Munich , to this prince ; and on January 27 of the following year in person . Dom Augustus , Prince of Portugal , as he was named , was made commander of the army , and was likely to become popular , when he died suddenly , March 28 ,

    1835 . On the 9 th of April , 1836 , she was married a second time to Duke Ferdinand , eon of Ferdinand of Saxe-Cobourg-Cohary , who upon the birth of a crown prince was named king . In the course of the next ten years the corruptions of the government which had fallen into the hands of the Cabrals , the suppression of the liberty of the press , and the increase of taxes , irritated a large portion of the nation . In May , 1846 , civil war broke out in the Upper Minho , and in a few weeks several districts were in arms against the Cabral ministry . The Cabrals resigned , and retired from the kingdom . The Chamber of Deputies was dissolved , the Grand Cortes extraordinarily convoked , nnd a number of concessions were made . The Duke de

    Palmella was called to power , and held office with Saldanha for four months , when his cabinet was succeeded by a new ministry under Saldanha ' s premiership . Civil war , meanwhile , continued . Das Antas , the commander nominated by the Juntas , and supported by Bandiera , Louli , and Fournos , gained several successes ; and it was feared that the Queen and King would have to leave Portugal and seek safety in England . In November , however , the popular party were in turn defeated , and lost two whole regiments by desertion . In the ensuing year , the mediation of the British government was offered , and accepted by the Queen , but declined by the Junta . Das Antas now prepared to evacuate Oporto . Tho British fleet , under Sir Thomas Maitland , was off that city . Steamers

    belonging to the Junta were permitted to enter and embark Daa Antas ' s troops . On the ittat of May , 1847 , a corvette and three armed steamers , one barque , ono brig , two schooners , transports , containing in all about 8 O 0 O troops , left the port . On crossing the bar , they wero summoned to surrender to tho British ; and as resistance would have been useless , they did so without firing a shot . As soon as ho ¦ w as on board tho British ship , tho Canto das Antas presented to tho commander a protest in the mime of tho Portuguese nation against this act of hostilit y , without declaration of war , or any pretext for the same . By theso meariH resistance to tho royal authority was suppressed . Tho Queen , in return for services rendered by Great

    Britain , signed an agreement excluding tho Cabralu from power ; and Muh wiih all the opponents of tho court gained by tho iriHurreetion . Ah hooii , however , jis quiet had boon , restored , the Comlo de Thomar , the elder of the Cubrata , again became premier in the faee of Great Britain , and continued a career of oppression and corruption , until , in 1851 , t . he Duke < le Saldanha earned out a military revolution and reconstituted the . government . Donna Maria 3 'ielded with a very bad grace lo the necessities of her position . Her luifthiiriil had been appointed Commander-inchief at the commencement of tho outbreak , and actuall y advanced against Saldanha , but wan forced to make n wpeedy and solitary retreat to . Lisbon , his troops having < lenortod him on hid march .

    The government him nineo been conducted under tho presidency of Saldanha .. II , cioiHol be Haul thai , the reign of tho hile Queen was popular ; it . wan barely coiiHtitutional : but tho fault wan not ho much tho Quecn ' H as the jiation'n . Tho - met-ilio life of tho court at , leant linn been free- from the diKorderH and < liHgrucon of Madrid . Her melancholy late , which had been apprehended on more than ono former occatuon , in coiiHcqucnco of her inWcuNing corpulence , Healn the political error . s of her < lintnirted and dirnippoinled life with forgiveiicHH ; and we are not mirpriHed to hear ( hat at ; Lintum all other icclingH nvo for the moment merged in pity and regret .

    The Queen wiih to he buried on tho llXh . The hom hIio gave birth to in dead . The Prince and I'i-imcchh do Joinville ( nin < cr of Uio late Queen ) arrived at Tiinhon iroiri Cadiz 24 hourn after theQuecnV ) death . Tho King Conm » rt had ismicd t . ho following proclamation : — " Porl-iigueno , —( 3 od linn been pleuHod to call to hw Glory to-day , at Jmlf-pnHt cloven o ' clock , in the forenoon , the Queen Lady Dowm Maria tho fcjoconih my much-loved

    and highly-prized spouse , —a severe loss , which plunges me and my dear children in the deepest grief , and falls the sensitive and faithful Portuguese nation withniourmng "In these sorrowful circumstances , obliged to luim those sacred duties imposed upon me by tha law ot the 7 th of April , 1846 , confirmed by the additional act to the constitutional charter of the monarchy , I take upon myself the exercise of the regency of these kingdoms , and , in conformity to the said constitutional charter , I swear to maintain the Roman-catholic apostolic religion , the integrity of the kingdom , and to observe and cause to be observed the political constitution of the Portuguese nation and other laws of the kingdom , and provide for the general good of the nation to the utmost of myjpower .

    "I also swear to preserve fidelity to tho Jung , x < ora Dom Pedro VEIL , my above all much loved and highly prized son , and to resign the government to him immediately on his attaining his majority . " According to the old law , Dom Miguel would be the rightful regent , but the law of 1846 and the constitutional charter exclude his claims . It is not improbable , however , that a Miguelist struggle , aided by the discarded factions , may take place , as legitimist pretensions are getting into fashion again , and Portugal has not derived much benefit from her so-called constitutional rulers . It will be the policy of the regency to abbreviate its own existence as much as possible , and with the consent of the Chambers , to anticipate the period of the King's majority .

    THE FUSION OE THE BOtTEBOITS . It was at three in the afternoon of the 17 th , that the Duke of Nemours arrived on a visit to Frohsdorf . He "was received very cordially by the Comte . de Chambord ; and there can be no doubt that a reconciliation of the two branches has been effected on the following terms . Should the Duke of Bordeaux die without heirs , the Comte de Paris will be declared his legitimate successor to the tlirone of France ; the Duchess of Orleans resigning any pretensions of her son , founded on the revolution of July . Accounts differ as to the interview between the Duke of

    Nemours and the Duke of Bordeaux : one rumour stating that the conversation was purely on domestic matters , eschewing polities ^ another , that the Duke of Tfemours emphatically recognised Henry V . as the only rightful king of France . The legitimists say that the Orleanists have made an unconditional submission ; while the Orleanists pretend that the Comte de Chambord is to abdicate in favour of the Comte de Paris . On the part of the present French Government , the mot d'ordre is to treat the matter with indifference . It is not likely the journals will be permitted to discussat .

    1132 The Leade R. [Saturday, '¦' . ¦ ¦' ...

    1132 THE LEADE R . [ Saturday , '¦ ' . ¦ ¦ ' ^—i ^—— 1 ^ I 'W ^——^™* ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦¦ i ^ 1 ^ ^ I . ¦ II ¦ ¦ I I ¦ I 'I L _ ^^_^^^^—^^ M ^—M—^—^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ — g ^ ,, ^^^^^

    The Spanish Cortes Were Opened On The 19...

    The Spanish Cortes were opened on the 19 th by commission . The Senate adjourned till Monday , but the Congress proceeded to the election of its president and other officers . 190 deputies voted at the election of president . The government , by adopting Senor Martinez de la Rosa , and the vice-presidents , & c , of last year , evinced a desire to avoid a party contest on this occasion . The Progressistas present voted for Senor Santa Cruz . Senor Martinez de la Rosa was elected present by a majority of 100 . A letter from Naples , of the 19 th , mentions the return to that city from . Rome of M . de Maupas . The unpleasant

    incident which occurred has not produced any other result than the temporary absence of the French Ambassador . It has long been the custom for the Naples Mint to receive foreign money and uncoined metal , for which bank bills wero given without any limit . But now the Minister of Finance has prohibited the Mint from issuing these promissory notes on tho bank , because they cannot , they say , coin money sufficiently quick to meet the present demand . The result of this is , merchan t * have so much difficulty in cashing bills at tho bank , that the exchanges have fallen ten per cent . Trade therefore suffers immensely , as merchants cannot afford tho Iohs originating from , depreciated foreign

    money . The motive for sending for Count Walewnki to Fontainebleau , ia believed to have beon the Emperor ' s wish to ontrust to his ambassador certain documents of a private nature on the Eastern question , which may render it neccHBary to ( . 'all for explanations from Austria . It wan reported yesterday that the French government still contemplates a loan , as it will be very diflicult to meet tho enormous expenses incurred till next spring . Tho Council of State has voted eight ; mil lions of franca to pay tho legacies left b y the JSmperor Napoleon , by the will which ho made at St . Holeiial «

    THE BKA . T OV WA'll . The latest iicwb from the Heat of war is comparatively scanty and unimportant . According to the latest telegraphic- despatches , it , appears thai the Turks have quitted the island near Oltenitza , and retired to Tnrtukai . Their camp there , from the Ktth to the 21 st , has been almost deserted , General Dannonberg , in oonBeqonee , left BudcRchti on the 22 nd with the chief part of his force , leaving 1200 men and eight cannon behind . Unimportant NkimnsheH executed , there in now a cessation of hostilities along the whole of tho Moldo-Wallachian lino .

    Wallachian artillery 1 mm been Hent to Brailow , only ono battery having been ( hero proviouHly . Other Wallaohinn troopn , horse and foot , await lnnrehingordoro . Tho native militia an ; co-operating with 1 . 1 ip ItuHHiann—but their cooperation i . M believed to be forced . A telegraphic message from Constantinople of tho 14 tli , states that tho Hungarian ( 3 on oral Klapka had boon refused a command by ' tho Porto . The Spanish Government objecl . H lo General Prim tailing an active part in the military operations . The newH of Omer PatVha ' n victories , and of the approaching arrival of a military umbrtflHador from Franco , produced great excitement in tho Turkish capital . Tho combined ilootn had all anchored in fl » o Bosphorun . Tho last vchnoIh were towed in on tho i > th . A »<) W division of the TurluHh Jleet was to wail on tho 11 th for tho Black fica , to intercept the . Russian nlu ' i > n proceeding to tho coast ofAflin . It was reported that a Rurown WOii-of-wiir Juid boon captured by tho Turks .

    The Grand Duke Michael las been appointed to command the Russian army of reserve , for service in the Caucasus . Western diplomacy still persevered in notes of pacification ; the last , however , was withdrawn by the British Ambassador , as tho Porte was indisposed to accept the draft . , . The Press of Vienna , under date of Constantinople ( 7 th ) , states that some engineers have been sent to Adrianople to make preparations for the reception of the Sultan with an army of 60 , 000 men , which will be concentrated in that city under the orders of Euschti Pacha , General of the Imperial Guard .

    A certain Ali-Nek Scherif Zade , who is described as a rich and strikingly handsome ^ oung man , has been appointed the leader of the Contingent from Aleppo . The Pacha girded a splendid sabre round the waist of the new chief , and the Grand Sheik blessed his flag . From St . Petersburg we learn that at the church of Tsarskoe' Selo , a splendid reli gious service was performed in the presence of the whole Imperial famil yi for the purpose of asking God's blessing on the Russian arms , andthe victory in the Turkish war . The Court has gone to Gatschina , and will return from thence to St . Petersburg on the 6 th December .

    The Patrie of Thursday evening states , on the authority of a letter from Vienna , of the 21 st , that the Russian army in the Principalities has received orders to assume the offensive , and that it is to cross the Danube andmarcn towards Adrianople . If this be true , the British and French fleets will , without doubt , enter the Black Sea , and French troops will be sent to assist the Siiltan . The Constitutionnel of Thursday contradicts the report of the entrance of any portion of the combined fleets into the Black Sea .

    The Servian Government resists the passage of Turkish troops across the frontier , while it refuses its exequatur to the Russian Consul at Belgrade . Austria is increasing her military cordon on the Transylvanian frontier . The men on furlough belonging to the regiments under marching orders , have been recalled , and the state of siege in the Hungarian provinces is even more rigorous than it was in 1850 . ' The situation of Austria in the present European question is thus plainly stated in the Berlin Wpckenblatt : —^ "We have often pointed out , " says that journal , "the serious embarrassments with which Austrian policy is sure rounded . By the slightest movement Austria runs the

    double risk of being obliged either to go to war with Russiaand to see Hungary rise at the same time , or to be attacked by France , with a rising in Italy . She has consequently been compelled to abstain from any movement whatever . Having anxiously cried 'Peace at all price , ' she is now reduced to endeavours to limit the conflagration which she can no longer quench , and at which she must look on without stirring . Austria is iiot neutral , but neutralized . This position , however , was not the solo motive of the mission of Baron Prokesch . Ifc is not a secret for any one that the finances of Austria are in a desperate state .

    A new loan was imperiously necessary ; and the Cabinet of Vienna applied to the great banking-house which , in ita quality of one of the most considerable creditors of Austria , finds itself always in the alternative either to suffer at once a severe loss or to postpone it by giving additional aio . This experienced physician felt the pulse of his patient , and avowed that he was very hard up indeed ; he nevertheless offered to come once more to his relief , provided ho would follow implicitly tho prescriptions ho should order . ' These prescriptions concerned the reduction of the army , and a declaration of neutrality on the part of the German Diet . The first of theso measures has been carried out ;

    tho second has not , because Prussia has refused to consent to it . " ' The long expected decree , reducing tho duties on coal and iron , appeared in tho M ' oniteur of the 22 nd inst . Tho following explanation of the modifications it introduces into the French tariff wo take from the Times . —Cool formerly paid a duty of 4 s . 7 d . a ton , when imported l > y sea from Dunkirk to Sables d'Olonne , in the department of VendCe . This is now reduced to 2 s . Od . The former duties of 2 s . i ) d . a ton when imported between Sables d ' Olonno and Bayoimo , and Is . 4-4 d . when imported by tho Mediterranean . portH , have beon consolidated at tho lower charge .

    Tho duties on importation by land , varying from le- 4 » 2 U - to Is . O . | d . per ton , have- been retained . Coko formerly paid twice tho duty on coal ; now it only pays ono-halt more than tho reduced duty . Those uro tho duties by French ships . By foreign BhipH they are higher ; but , English ships employed in tho trade between Franco and England have boon since 1820 assimilated to national snips , the distinction is of no practical importance to this country-This being tho case generally , it will only bo necessary , » a regards iron , to place tho former duties in comparison with those now to be paid on . importation by French vesecW , English vohbcIh being in tho Maine category . L ' ormor DutictyDutiefl , pisr ton , ^ ftor , eit I > or ton . | till Jim . 1 , 1 H 6 ! J . Jan . M ^_ £ h . < 1 . Si « . ( 1 . * »• «]• , 1 'i tf iron Mil 8 2 4 0 1 16 * Iron in barn , a < :- - « ., , „ ., - r r , a . a 0 HailH , tho name iib iron ( mm , uucordintftorihnoiislons n IronpIatcH 17 12 « 11 O 0 8 1 « " Htool , in Jmi h : - AVi-o » Kh < . ... fili Hi 0 $ l / l ~ " ________ On tho 8 th of November Hadyk PiK'bn ( U » o l oh *[ j Mieluil CzajkowHki ) , who bocaino a MwHSulnion to fl "f ' ) tho poiHoeution of liuHsia , I iiih boon invoked by the J- <>« wit , h tho command of all tho Oosflueku on tlio 1 ««»«** territory , and with tho rank of Pacha . » A TrunoylYttuiau uo ^ papuKwtho Uormanstadt Jovrnw

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 26, 1853, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_26111853/page/4/