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    Harch 24, 1860 .J The Leader and Saturda...

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    Turin, March 17th, I860. rpHE restilt of...

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    Foreign Correspondence. (Si'eoial.) Home...

    and mine , of the liberty of princes , peoples ; and all Christian « onls . " Miserable man , have you lost all common sense , all Cafnouc sense , even the ordinary sense of language f " . In vain D . confesses lis errors , owns that he is converted , and implores mercy . r * o , X . replies in conclusion , " this is not . enough ; your . tongue has spread scandal ; and even , if innocent itself , lms sown discord . The good seed is obedience and reverence to the Pope our Father , and the Church our Mother . W <) e to the tares of the new creed ! Woe to the proud and impious men , who under the cloak of piety raise their hands and tongues against their father and mother ! The crows and the birds of prey shall feed upon their tongues , and the wrath of God shall wither up their hands . " _ ' ¦ . The demolition of D . the devout only whets X . s appetite ; and , heedless of his coming doom , M , the moderate enters the lists . As a specimen of mild facetio usness , I quote the commencement or the second dialogue : — M . " Great news ! a great book !"

    X . " Where from P " M . " From Paris . " X . " A dapper dandy , then , " I suppose , j M . " No , a politicalpamphlet . " X . " Well , that is a political dandy . " M . " A pamphlet containing the politics of the Moderates . X . "You mean , of the moderate intellects ?" M . "I mean the policy of the Moderates , a policy of compromise between the Holy Father and , and—X . " Say what you really mean—between the Holy Father and the Holy Revolution . " After ' this test of M ' . ' s intellectual faculties , lam not surprised

    to find that throughout he is treated with the . most contemptuous playfulness . He is joked about the fait accompli , arid asked whether he would consider a box on . his -ears was excused and accounted for by this denomination ; questioned as to whether he would like himself to be deprived of all his property ; and at last asked triumphantly , whether the reasoning of liis beloved pamphlet is anything but rank communism . M . in fact , after this outburst , ceases any endeavour , at argument , and contents himself with feeble suggestions , which give X . fertile openings for his ; vitupei ative powers ? . For instance , M- drops a hint that the Pope might be placed under the guarantee arid protection of the Catholic powers ; on which X . retorts : — " The Catholic powers , indeed ! First of all you ought to be sure whether the Catholic , powers will co-operate

    with the Jew in the disgraceful act of plundering Cheist through his Vicar , in order . to guarantee him afterwards the last shreds of his vestment . Secondly , you should learn whether any tribunal in the world , in the name of common justice , would place the victim beneath the guarantee and protection of his spoiler . " When M . expresses a doubt whether , there is any career for a soldier , or statesman , or an orator , under the Papal Government , his doubts are removed by the reflection that the Roman statesmen are no worse off than the French , and that if Roman soldiers don ' t fight and Roman orators don ' t speak , it is because the exertion of their faculties would not prove beneficial to themselves or others . M . henceforth becomes convinced and converted ; he asks X . candidly to tell him whether the Papal Government is a bad one or not , and

    is satisfied with the quotation , " sun / honct mix La inalis- / he then inquires in all simplicity why there are bo many complaints and outbreaks , against the Papacy , and is told in explanation that the Pope is persecuted because he is weak . X ., emboldened : by his easy triumph , ridicules the notion of any reforms boiii " granted by the Papacy , states that what is wanted is a reform in the Papal subjects , not in the Papal rulers , and finally falls foul of M . in such laiig'unge as this : ¦—" ¦ What good ' can we ever expect from this race of Moderates , who in all revolutions are sent out as . pioneers , who have ruined every State in turn by shutting their eyes to every danger , and parleying 1 with every insurrection , and who would propone a compromise even with tiro or fever , or plague it sell ? " After this , X . and then bursts into

    repeats the old fable of the horse , and the man , a tirade against France . " You rofused to believe that Italy replaced foreign influence by foreign dominion on the . day on which Franco crossed the Alps . Do you still disbelieve in the treason which is plotting- against Ituly , by depriving her of her natural bulwarks , Savoy , NicoY and tho Maritime AlpsP Do yon not boo that while you are lulled to sleep by the syren song of Italian indepenclenco , Italy is weakened , dismembered , and enslaved P" Tho last suggestion of M ., Unit perhaps tho language of tho cncyclicul letter was u littlo too strong , brings fortH tho following retort : — "Yen , it was strong , and tasted bitter to diseased and vitiated palates ; but to tho lips of . justice the taato is swoot and satisfying . Poor nations ! What have politics become'P What Illth wo are obliirttd to swallow ! What scandal to the people ; wlmt a lesson

    of immorality in this fashion of outraging ovory principle of right with sword , tongue and pun ! In this chaos , blossod bo Providcnco , thoro is ono froo voice , tho voices of Saint Pi 3 TK . it , which in raised in ( lelenoo of justice despiaod and disregarded ! " Hereupon , M . confesses , " on tho iiiith of a Moderate , " that tho rcfutml of tho Pope to accept tho advice of tho Emperor " was an act worth y of him , both an Pope and as Italian Sovereign " - ~ -nnd then retires in shame nnd confusion . The Hincero opponent ( S . ) now outers , and announces , with foolinh pride , that ' . ' Italy shall be lroe > , and tho flatus of hell Hhall prevail . " Pride coinoth before a fall , and S , is shortly convinced tliat ) his remark was profimo , and that by Ins own showing liberty wan a gift , of hull . S . tUon ropuats a number of uommonplncuH about tho rights of mon . tho voice of the people , nnd . tho will of tho majority j

    and as in every case he quotes these commonplaces wrongly and out of place , X . upsets him without efibrt . As a specimen of the style of logic adopted by X ., I will take one case at , hazard . S . stages that his ' * reason of all reasons is , that Italy belongs to the Italians ; and that the Italians have the right of dividing it , uniting it , and governing" it , as seems good in their own sight . " To thisX . answers , " I adopt and apply your own principle . Turin , with its houses , belongs to the Turinese ; therefore , the Turinese have the right to divide or unite the houses of Turin , or drive out their possessors , as seems good in their own sight . " The gross disingenubiisness , the palpable quibble in this argument need no exposure . The argument , however is logically rattier above the usual range . X . then , frightens M . with the old bugbears : the impossibility of real union

    between the Italian races ; the absorption of the local importance of her smaUcap itals in any great kingdom , and the certainty that the European powers will never consent to an Italian monarchy . His conclusion is a short resume * of Papal history , which will somewhat surprise the readers of Ranke and Gibbon . "After the death of CoWstakttine , the almost regal authority of the Popes commenced in reality . Gbegory the Great , created Pope 4 iO a . d ., Was compelled , for the safety of Italy , to exercise this authority against the Lombards on one hand , and the rapacious Exarchs on the other . About 726 A . D ., Geegoey II . declined the offer of Ravenna , Yenice ,

    and the other Italian States , who conferred upon him , m name as well as in fact , the princedom of Italy . ' At last , in 741 a ^ d ., when Italy was not only deserted in her need , but threatened from Byzantium with desolation and heresy , Gkegoby III . called in the aid of Chaei , es-Maetel , that 'Italy might not perish ; * and by this law , a law of Hie and preservation * and through the decree of . Providence the Popes became Italian princes , both in right and fact . " On this very lucid and satisfactory account of the origin of the Papal power , S . is convinced at once , and is finally dismissed with the question , " whether th « real object of the Revolution is not to create new men , new nations , new reason , new humanity , and a hew

    God . " ¦ , ¦ I ' -- . ¦ . . . ¦ ¦ . . . .. ' , ¦ . The three abstractions , S ., M :, D ., then re-assemble to recant their errors . One and all avow themselves converted and convinced . X . then dismisses them with the qualified approval , that lie " rejoices in their moral amendment , and trusts the change may be a permanent one , " and then asks them finally , " what is the true and traditional liberty of Italy , the only one worthy to be sought and loved by all Italians P" To this question with one voice , S . and M . and D . reply , " Liberty with law , law with religion , and religion with the Pope . " The course of instruction is completed ; and if anybody is not convinced by the arguments , of the ' -all-wise X ., I can only say I am sorry for him . ¦ ¦ .. . *

    Harch 24, 1860 .J The Leader And Saturda...

    Harch 24 , 1860 . J The Leader and Saturday Analyst . 285

    Turin, March 17th, I860. Rphe Restilt Of...

    Turin , March 17 th , I 860 . rpHE restilt of the votes in Tuscimy and the Emilia is highly X . gratifying , though nothing more than we expected . This popular manifestation is the most eloquent refutation of the reproaches which have been uttered agahist our Government and the Peninsula . Tuscany and the Emilia have deserved well of Italy and of civilization , and have g iven Europe an example Which will not easily be forgotten . Public opinion is a power to which both people and rulers are compelled to submit . This is a great consolation at the present moment , since it affords the assurance that the annexation will be looked upon as sin accomplished fact , will be recognised by the civil powers , and admitted into the public order of Europe . But in spile of this , I confess that 1 tremble for what may yet be in store for the country . "So long as Itomo , Naples , and Austria are' banded togotlier against the national movement , I cannot -. hope that the danger of CDntimiud ' conHicts is at an end .

    It is not casv to guosH at the intentions of the Neapolitan Government . When General G-uuttAi / ni . commanded tho troops of Central Italy , Naplos justified the formation of an army on tho Roman confines as a precaution against any attempts which the valiant soldier might ' make against ' the kingdom of tho Two Sicilius . Notr ¦ withstanding , however , tliat all reason for doubt or four on | his lio . ul has disappeared , tho King . of Naples persists in keeping his troops upon the frontiers , although they arc wasted by ' illness . It cannot bo for the purpose of defending himself that ho has thus concentrated his forces , since ho is in no dniigcr of attack , but for some other pnvposo- - ; vei'y likely with a view to aid the Popes in , ' case tho mercenary troops of Rome should attack [\ w Rumagirti uud l ) o worsted ; or to bo in roudiuortH to outer tho other pvovinciia of the Romai ! State if revolution should break out there

    Tho internal condition of tho kingdom of Naples ih such ( is to demand tho whole thought nm . \ attention of tho Government ,-and ought to prevent ifc froin interfering in ailturs which are not ol" p « raointl antl vital iniportanuo . The discontout o ! i ! s . iibjculsis gntling : past all bumulH . In spile of all tho Huvurity and vigilance of tl » o I ) oli ( 5 u , from time to timo such hostile fleui , n •' rulioiiri are nuuie as have always proved to bo the preluclo of sorious uvenls . IhuudlniniatraLion has fullon into eornpluto disordor , and the policy of tho Government sooins iliroetod by puru elutnuu , ami to own no rogular piinciples of guidance whatever , liiono single particular only ( loos this Governiiiontmimil ' oHt HtodliwtiioHitund tenacity—in rojeotiuy all .

    Lite inlluoiiuos of civilization , and isoliiting itHulf froin Italy , Jilninuu und Englaiid havo in vain tried to iiidueo the long to consider tno position , and put an curl to a ro ' uima of violence which is npoi'iiiiixiont inunnoe ibr other Hlularit The king , not \ uiu \\ g prepared witn nn answer , would not bo suen the last t , imo that tliorupruHuntiitivos of tho two trroat WoHtorii Powers wolioiLed an midieuoe . Cm ho be looking to liuubia for support ? The Kmuoroi' Wioiroi , as had soruo sy « npatl » y ibr King WnttviNANB , and oouuhoIIou him

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), March 24, 1860, page 17, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24031860/page/17/