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Leader (1850-1860), 24th January 1852, Edition Country of 2, Page 8, THE ARCTIC. EXPEDITION. EXTRACT FROM THE...

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      America Coming To Europe. Xossuth At Was...

      conscious majesty , controlled the condition of the world and arrested mighty Kings in their ambitious inarch , thus , full of admiration and of reverence , I stand before you , legislators of the new Capitol—that glorious hall of your people ' s collected majesty . The . Capitol or old yet stands ; but the . spirit has departed from it and . come over to yours , purified by the air of liberty . The . old stands a mournful " monumentof the fragility orhutttan . things—yours as a sanctuary of eternal rights . I he Old beamed with the red lustre of conquest , now darkened by oppression ' s gloomy m > ht—yours beams with freedom ' s bright ray . The old absorbed the world by its own centralized g lory—yours protects your own nation against absorption even by itself . The old was awful is lorious with

      with irrestrictive power—yours g having restricted it . At the view of the old , nations trembledat the view of yours , humanity hopes . To the old , misfortune was only introduced with fettered hands to kneel at the triumphant conqueror ' s heels—to yours , the triumph of introduction is granted to unfortunate exiles , invited to the honour of a seat ; and where kings and Ceesars can never be hailed for their powers , might , and wealth , there the persecuted chief of a down-trodden nation is Welcomed as your great Republic ' s guest , precisely because he is persecuted , helpless , and poor . In the old , the terrible yse victis was the rule ; in yours , protection to the oppressed , malediction to ambitious oppressors , and consolation to the vanquished in a just cause . And while out of the old a conquered world was ruled , you , confederate interests

      in yours , provide for the common of a territory larger than the conquered world of the old . There sa , t men boasting their will to be the sovereigns of the world ; here sit men whose glory is to acknowledge the laws of nature and of nature ' s God , and to do that their sovereign , the people , wills . Sir , there is history in these parallels . History of past ages and historjrof future centuries may be often recorded in a few words . The small particulars to which the passion of living men clings with fervent zeal , as if the fragile fingers of men could arrest the rotation of destiny ' s wheel—these particulars die away . It is the issue which makes history , and that is always logical . There is a necessity ef consequences wherever" the necessity of position exists . Principles are the alpha ; they must finish with the omega —and they will . "

      He recounted the story of his release ; he affec- ~ tionately thanked the-Americans for their generous interferencerhe told again the story of his struggles , reverses , victories , and defeats ; he attacked centralization with his customary force ; he made a touching allusion , in these words , to Henry Clay : — ^ " One of your grelrt statesmen—now , to my deep sorrow , bound to the sick bed of far advanced age—alas , that I am deprived of the advice which his wisdom could have imparted to me!—your great statesman told the world , thirty years ago , that Paris was transferred to St . Petersburg . What would he now say , when St . Petersburg is transferred to Paris , and Europe is but an appendix to Russia ? Alas ! Europe can no more secure to Europe fair play . Albion only remains ; but even Albion casts a sorrowful glance over the waves . "

      He described the state of Europe—terror ruling from Paris to Pesth—as a " sensible silence , " only disturbed by the rattling of Napoleon ' s fratricidal musketry and the groans of the martyrs of liberty in the dungeom of Europe . He made the following statement on the intervention , or , as General Cass picturesquely calls it , the " hands off" doctrine : — " Gentlemen , I know where I stand . No honour , no encouraging generosity , will make me ever forget where I stand and what is due from me to you . Here m ^ duty is silently to await what you in your wisdom will be pleased to pronounce about that which public opinion knows to be my prayer and my aim ; and be it your will to oronounce , or be it your will not to take notice of it , I with devo

      will understand your will , and bow before it - tion—hopeless , perhaps—but my heart full of admiration , love , and gratitude to your generous people , to your fflorious land . But one single word , even here , I may be permitted to say—only such a word as may secure me from being misunderstood . I came to the noble-minded people of the United States to claim its generouB operative sympathy for the impending struggle of oppressed freedom on the European continent , and 1 freely interpreted the hopes and wishes which these oppressed nations entertain ; but as to your great Republio , as a State , as a power on earth , I stand before the statesmen , senators , and legislators of that Republic , only lo ascertain from their wisdom and experience what Is their

      judgment upon a question of national law and international right ? I hoped , and now hope , that they will , by the foreboding events ou the other great continent , feel induced to pronounce in time their vote about that law and those rights ; and I hoped and hope that , pronouncing their vote , it will bo in favour of the broad principles of international justice , and consonant with their republican institutions and their democratic life . That is all . I know , and Europe knows , the immense weight of . nuoh a pronunciation from such a place .. But never had I the impious wish to try to entangle this great Republic into difficulties inconsiHtent with it * own welfare its own security , its own interest . I rather

      repeatedly arid earnestly declared that a war on this account by your country is utterly impossible , and a mere phantom . I always declared that the United States remained masters of their actions , and under every circumstance will act as they judge consistent with the supreme duties to themselves . But I said and say , that such a declaring of just principles would ensure to the nations of Europe fair play in their struggle for freedom and independence , because the declaration of suoh a power aB your Republic will bo respected oven where it should not bo liked ; and Europe ' s oppressed nations will feel cheered in resolution and doubled in strangth , to maintain tho dcoision of their American brethren on

      their own behalf with their own lives . There te an immense power in the idea to be right , when this idea is sanctioned by a nation like yours ; and when the foreboding future will become present , there is an immense field for private benevolence and sympathy upon the basis of the broad prmcrple of international justice prpnounced in the sanctuary o £ your people a collective majesty . " ^ - . He denied that he had ever said bis mission to America was a failure . This oration was most enthusiastically applauded . Mr . Webster followed Kossuth in responding to his own health . He made a long speech , but the pith was in the last sentence , which he gave as a " sentiment , " . " Hunearian independence , Hungarian control of her

      own destinies , and Hungary as a distinct nationality among the nations . ( Great applause . ) " „ The next toast was—" The right of States , only valuable when subject to the free control of those to -whom they are appointed ; utterly worthless to be determined by the sword of foreign interference . Mr . Douglas responded . He said that the right of a nation to regulate its internal concerns was too clear to require argument , and advocated the recognition of the independence of every nation as soon as established ; he deprecated the objection of despots to an interference in vindication of the laws of nations , on behalf of liberty , when they have always interfered

      against liberty . Whether he would interfere in any case would depend upon circumstances . He would never enter into an alliance with England to repress the Autocrat of Russia until she should have done justice to Ireland . Before interposing he would con * sider the consequences" to follow , and the principles involved . There might be a case in which it would be necessary to their own safety to interpose , should Russia interfere again . Then we shall decide whether we shall interfere ; but in the meantime we shall do all in our power to sustain the principle of international law . In conclusion he gave " Hungary ; ' when she shall make her next struggle for liberty may the friends of freedom throughout the world proclaim to the ears of all European despots , Hands off , a clear field , a fair fight , and God will protect the right . ( Applause . )

      Mr . Florence , of Philadelphia , proposed the health of General Cass ; and the General replied . ' " It rejoiced my KSart to see here this guest among us —the leader ttf his country ' s revolution , the asserter of theurights of man , and the martyr of the independence of nations welcomed to our shores . ( Applause . ) Sir ( turning to Kossuth ) , the ocean , more merciful than the rod of tyrants , has sent you to a country of freedom and of . ' safety . ( Applause . ) That was a proud day for you " but it was a prouder day for us when you left the shores of old Hellespont and put your foot upon an American deck . Protected by American cannon , with the stars of our country floating over you , you could defy

      the World in arms . ( Applause . ) And , sir , here , in the land of Washington , it ia not a barren welcome that I mean to give you—it is not a mere salutation , ' I am glad to see you ; ' but much further than that I am willing to go . I am willing to lay down the great principles of national rights , and adhere to them . ( Applause . ) I will not say , Craven be the man that does not respond to it ; ' for , thank God , we are in a land of liberty , where every man has a right to enjoy and express his own opinions in his own way ; but I will say that he who is not willing to respond , and in an effectual manner , to this cry of liberty from the old hemisphere , his heart does not beat like mine . ( Applause . ) No , my

      fellowcitizens . No ; I am for the largest liberty to the largest number over the whole face or the earth . ( Applause . ) My friends who do not agree in that sentiment have no feeling in common with me . Now , I am willing to say and maintain that those despotic powers of Europe , when they put their hand upon Hungary and marched the Cossack and the Pandour upon the Danube , to put down the first flame of liberty , they offended against all laws of nations recognized throughout the civilized world . Well , gentlemen , f am an old man—( laughter , and cries of 'No , you ain't' )—but I tell you I am approaching my threescore years and ten . Half a century ago , I crossed the mountains a boy , on foot , and God bo thanked for the institutions and the favour of fellow citizens that

      of this country my have given mo the privilege now of maintaining human right in suoh a presence as this . ( Applause . ) The sun of heaven never shone on such a Government as this . And shall we sit blindfolded , our arms crossed , and say to tyranny , ' Prevail in every other region of the world ?' ( Cries of No , no . ' ) I thank you for the response . That is my feeling . Now , my friends . I am willing to say that is the law of nations . ( Laughter and applause . ) Every independent nation under heaven has a right to establish just suoh a Government as it pleases . And if the oppressed of any nation wish to throw off their shackles , they have , the right , without the-interforenoe of any other ; and the land which was first , freed by the With other

      Father of his country may sympathize every nation which unfurls the bannter of freedom . ( Applause . ) And I am willing , as atnember of Congress , to pass « declaration to-morrow , in the name of tho American people , maintaining that sentiment ( great ohoering ) j and I will go home to my constituents , and if they disapprove of the oot , as I know they won't , I will never come back here again . ( Laughter . ) I am willing to go further . I am willing to say that no nation under heaven , whether its ohief magistrate wears a hat or a orown , has any right to interfere in tho affairs of another nation struggling for human liberty . I am willing to make that declaration in the name of the American people , and I am willing to leave it , th » very moment when it is neoeaeary to aot , to those who are to determine the oours © nocewory to take ,

      under proper times and circumstances , as the case may require . ( Applause . )" The hospitality of Turkey was acknowledged by Kossuth ; and , after a little unimportant but hearty speaking , the banquet terminated . Tlielas . t great banquet to . Kossuth in Washingtori was given on the following evening , by the Jackson Democratic Association . Five hundrea persons were present , including all the leaders now in Washington of the Democratic party . Kossuth ' s speech was * as usual , brilliant ; and he concluded by expressing a hope that England and the United States would forget and bury past animosities , and unite in giving liberty to mankind . L - ' . ^ 4 fe M _ ^_ _ ± _ ¦ ¦ M ^ . _ _

      Kossuth is now on his progress through the West . He was to leave Washington on the 12 th for Annapolis . Thence he will proceed to Baltimore , Cincinnati , St . Louis , New Orleans , Charleston , & c . Hfc will then return to New York , and visit Albany , Buffalo , the Falls of Niagara , and Boston , from which port he will sail for England . " Substantial Aid for Hungary' * is the title of aft article in the Philadelphia Ledger . It is a report of a meeting to devise means for rendering that aid . The speakers were Judge Kane , Colonel Small , Colonel Page , the Honourable William D . Kelly , and Dr . Elder , who submitted a long address from

      the people of Philadelphia to the people of the United States in behalf of intervention . Judge Kane asked , *• Why then hesitate , since we have the right ? What do we fear ? Why not meet the crisis which no ingenious policy can avert ? " There was no safety in cowardice . The prevailing conviction was , that the destiny of America was bound up with the destiny of Europe , and that it would be crime to stand by and behold quietly the infraction of all national law by the despotic powers . It was resolved , that Hungary deserved , and should

      receive , not only sympathy , but substantial aid . Colonel Small asked , " What do you think the immortal Jackson would have said upon the subject of non-intervention at this time ? ' Halt there , Mr . Bear , this ~ is none of your : business ; we'll just draw a ring and show the parties fair play ; but if you do mix in , look out for yourself ; I'll be in , too , by the Eternal !"' The Colonel said war was inevitable . «« We can forget our old grudges against-England , " he continued ; " unite with her and whip all the despots of Europe , and make her a Republic afterwards . Let us do it . " These picturesque sallies were received With tremendous cheering .

      [S And Circumstances The ^~ ^ 7er ~~~~ 7...

      ^~ ^ 7 er ~~~~ 7 - ^^^ JtJ ^ ^ iM ^_^ ^^ _ [ Saturday , ' ... ' '

      The Arctic. Expedition. Extract From The...

      THE ARCTIC . EXPEDITION . EXTRACT FROM THE PRIVATE JOURNAL OF AN OFFICER OF THE . EREBUS . At Sea , June 18 , 1845 . About 900 miles east of Cape Farewell ( Greenland ) . My dear ¦ , —Nothing has been written for you these last few days—not because I had nothing to say , or did not think of you , but because I have had plenty to do in . the writing and calculating way ; and because , just as I was beginning to get paper and ink ready , I found I was in bed , and fell asleep . To-dayis " Waterloo day , " and we drank the Duke's health at Sir John ' s table . There was a talk before we left England of a brevet on this day ; if this be true , I think it more than probable that I shall get the rank of Captain . With this idea , I took a glass of brandy and water at ten o'clock , which , allowing for difference of longitude , answers to half-past seven in London , and drank your healths , in petto—fancying you might be drinking wine . In fact , we took an imaginary glass of wine together , and I don ' t care how soon we may take a real one * Now I am laughing , for Reid has just said , scratching his head , " Why , mister Jems , you never seem to me to sleep at all ; you ' re always writin I" I tell him that when I do sleep I do twice as much other people in the same time . Now for the journal , 15 th . —Wind fair and strong , with a high sea ; but we carried on much sail—heeling over much ; and we actually fancy we went nine knots . In the evening it moderated , and the weather was clear and cool . 16 th . —Calm day , sea glassy smooth , cloudy weather , no sun . After breakfast I went on board the Terror , to see Captain Crozior about my " Fox " observations ( Fox being a dipping-needle invented by him ) . Firirholmo and Lo Viscomto followed in the India-rubber boat , which was being tried when you came to Woolwich . Crozier and Little , First Lieutenant , and Lieutenant Griffiths , the agent for transport , dined on board with Sir John .

      17 th . —The stfn -shone out , and we had a smooth day ; air cold . Since' the 11 th the ttiermomoter on deck in the » ahade has never been above 50 degrees or below 46 degrees , night or day ; generally 46 degrees or 48 degrees . At night cloudy , with a bright light on the horizon to the north-oast , Which Goto says is aurora borealis . Reid calls it " ice-blink . " I say it is the reflection of sunset , though it is northeast . It looks like a large town on , fire , twentymiles off .

      To-day ( 18 th ) we set lo work , and got a catalogue made of all our books , and iind we have amongst us a moat splendid collection . The " orow ' ft-neet" » up—whioh is usually- a oask lined with canvas—at the foretopmaflt-head , for a saaa to ataad in to look

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 24, 1852, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_24011852/page/8/