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Leader (1850-1860), 23rd July 1859, Edition 2 of 2, Page 10

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      Canada. — The Governor-General, With Som...

      West Indies . — -From Jamaica it is stated that . nothing like the continuous rains which are expected to fall at this season of the year , and which are es--sential to the growth of the sugar cane , have yet appeared anywhere , and serious fears are beginning -to be entertained that these rains will fail us altogether . In some districts the drought has already attained a most serious intensity . At Trinidad the attention of the Government of Council had been called to the possible withdrawal of the white troops and to the necessity thence arising of taking measures at once for the organisation of a local force for the defence of the . colony . The district of St . Pierre , Martinique , continued under martial law , and sentence of death passed some time since on an incendiary has been confirmed by the Court of Appeal and carried into execution .

      South America : REvoi / trTioNAiiy Intelligence —ITrom Peru there are again accounts of a revolution . Colonel Zeballos with 2 , 000 men had pronounced against the Government at Cuzco , and it was reported that Cuchibamba and Cailloma had followed the example . Castillo , Echenique and Ureta were reported at the head of the revolution . Meanwhile President Castilla endeavoured to make it appear that the Government was perfectly safe , in his address , to the Senate and House of Representatives . In Chili the revolution is entirely at an end . Copiapo is in the hands of the Government , and the last of the insurgents had crossed the Andes abont 500 or € 00 strong , and reached San Juan , where they laid down their arms before the authorities of the State .

      Bfi2 The Leadei [No. 487- July 23, 1859.

      Bfi 2 THE LEADEi [ No . 487- July 23 , 1859 .

      War And Peace Incidents.

      WAR AND PEACE INCIDENTS .

      ^The Meeting Of The Empekobs.—A Clever N...

      ^ The Meeting of the Empekobs . —A clever newspaper correspondent who professes to have been a -witness of what he describes , says : —JJouis Napoleon ¦ was attired as a field-officer , with the scanty kepi ¦ with which he loves to disfigure himself , placed on his closely cut hair . Francis Joseph , -whose more prepossessing face and figure form a striking contrast to those of his-enemy , was several minutes behind time in the rendezvous , and Louis Napoleon had to ride forward to some little distance to meet 3 iim . "When the two sovereigns had arrived in sight of each other , the Emperor of the Trench extended his hand , which was taken by Francis Joseph , but not a word passed bet-ween them . . It was towards

      the house bearing the number 322 ( Casa Gandini \ Morelli ) , in . the . High-street of Villafranca , that the two corteges directed their march . Both Emperors alighted from horseback at the same moment . liOuis Napoleon courteously offered precedence to Francis Joseph , but the young Emperor drew back to allow his senior to pass in first . Not a soul entered the Casa Gandini Morelliwith the pair ; the two suites , the generals , and the aides-de-camp remained standing without . What took place in that old Casa Gandini none can tell , but when both left together it was observed that Louis 'Napoleon wore

      a more grave and careworn air than he had done , during the ride thither , and that Francis Joseph had lost the slight tinge of colour he had on entering , and that his countenance was blanched to deadly paleness . Both paused an instant on the threshold of the Casa , looked at each other intently for an instant , and by one simultaneous movement extended their hands . The mutual grasp with which the mutual courtesy "was greeted seemed cordial , but neither looked towards the other again . Both mounted and both rode off at a brisk trot towards their respective quarters . Keamtibs on Wak . — -The Italian letter of the Times contains this passage v . —" Ghastly indeed is the sight of mangled corpses , mutilated soldiers , torn accoutrements , and broken arms ; hideous to see the dead dragged in hundreds to a common grave , —the wounded , groaning and'faint , removed . Painful is the sight of a military hospital , where , side by side , lie the dead , the dying , and the convalescent ; here in a corner , shrouded in a coverlet , is one whose soul has already passed away > next him a palo wan , soldier raises himself on a straw pallet and asks for water ; next him a tall broneed soldier , 'whoso head is propped up on

      pillows , points to his recently amputated limb , and asks a kindly Sister of Charity , who with cheerful alacrity attends to all his wants , ia not blood trickling from tho stump ? The poor wretch has lost his leg , yet still thinks he can move his toes . A wounded officer is near him , lying on his back ; dhe has been shot through both shoulders ; his tost agony is close at hand , A servant : whisks the Ales from his face , Trhich now works hard In the . last convulsions , ^ hephest heaves rapidly , tho mouth mumbles , the "aflej jaw move ? violently up and down , giving an wjeartfoly griTOace ^ 0 t Uvid j ^ antf presently 2 S 2 ? 1 over . Close by another sufferer with shattered JMnjb , and next hind again one whose life-Wood is -lowing ftom a -wound , In the body . "

      . India, And. ' " Indian Progress.

      . INDIA , AND . ' " INDIAN PROGRESS .

      W How Can We Keep It? Patiently, Perseve...

      w HOW CAN WE KEEP IT ? Patiently , perseveringly , through good report , and through evil report , have "we advocated the introduction of European colonists into India , the making of rail-ways , the encouragement of indigo planters , the establishment of English laws _ for English people , the providing of systems of irrigation , and all the means that could contribute to make India prosperous , and increase her civilisation . Now we begin to doubt whether all our efforts , and all the efforts of the many brave hearts and bold minds that have laboured and planned at once to secure European ascendancy and promote

      native welfare , -will be of any avail . The gloomiest pictures fill the minds of ouir statesmen . They appeal * to be overwhelmed by dismay at tie extent of their responsibility . . They feel the greatest difficulty hi providing funds to keep the Goyernnyent of India in motion , and a military force to ensure the peace of the country . They are at a toss for the first elements ofsafety—money and men . The subject was brought Tinder the notice of the House of Commons on Tuesday ; and puzzling as may be the condition of our own finances , distressing as may be the position of the Reform question , hung up without a hope of present progress , amidst corruption and discontent , it "was then stated and admitted that the question of Indian finance ^ in conjunction with the Indian army , was

      In truth , there is a new condition of things—a new problem submitted for the -first time to investigation ; . and the statesmanship of England , accustomed mainly to follow the dictates of public opinion and rule only in conformity to our imperfect knowledge , has not yet solved this problem . It has only begun to think about the subject ; and Indian statesmanship , to which it has referred for help , is nearly as much at a loss as itself . Where the funds ore' to be got for maintaining our rule , when we have settled the militaiy power necessary for this purpose , is an equally difficult question . Our own finances won ' t bear- the iiicumbrance of India . From traffic and plunder the

      Company obtained originally the means of conquest . Tho Queen ' s Government can neither traffic nor plunder ; it may dethrone a king , but it will protect his people . The Company rarely found the ordinary revenues of the several states it acquired sufficient for its own expenditure . It has been continually incurring debts , while it has only partially fulfilled the duties expected of every well-meaning Eastern despot . To tax the natives might cause discontent , and increase the cost of the Government , making the preservation of our power more difficult , and ultimately impossible . Sir Charles Wood

      has promised the House of Commons frankly , freely , and fully , to explain , as far as he can , all the difficulties of the question , deferring to the wisdoinofthe House to decide how funds are to be raised to carry on the government , and what force is to be permanently maintained in India . We , and all England , and all India , -will watch and weigh the words which fall 'from his lips . In the meantime it seems proper to remind the public that India is not the sole source at present of disquiet and alarm . The necessity of preparing for defence at home is a great obstacle to providing -sufficient men for India . Our vast

      expenditure , too , on home defences , stands in our way of even guaranteeing in our markets a loan on the security of the Indian revenue . In addition to the enormous expenditure , andthe huge demands made on our population for the defence by sea and land of our very widely extended empire , the people are obliged to employ their time and their money in preparing to resist , invasion . Looking at all circumstances , it is impossible to avoid the suspicion , that we have been too ambitious , and have undertaken more work than we have strength to perform . Individually , we keep within the bounds of moderation , but as a nation , acting through its

      Government , we push out our arms in eyqry direction further than we can in reasonable time pull them back . Having India and the colonies now to adrminister , and every day extending its interference with home aflairs , the Government obviously undertakes too much for its own credit and for the nation ' s means . Unfortunately , * it " will scarcely find an example of a state less ambitious and less meddlesome . France , Austria , Russia , are all deeply injured by a similar kind of a desire for aggrandisement , and , pei'haps , our Government being more popular , -will ultimately bo more amenable to reason than those Governments . Unable

      to find in any of them a bright example to follow , we must turn our eyes on ourselves . The difficulties of our position now beginning to become alarming , should rouse tho attention of our philosophers and thinkers , as well as of our statesmen ; and tUey should inquire where the Government is to stop and what it is to abandon . That we cannot go on as " we have latterly , gone , seems obvious ; and we must begin to ascertain what part of the vast expenditure and tlie complicative action of the Government we must curtail . . It would be curious if its latest acquisition , that of tho undivided , administration of India , were the first it wus compelled to abandon .

      of more importance than either . The new minister for India , too , is not yet prepared to explain matters to Parliament and the country . He finds the difficulties of his new position greater than of any position he has ever filled , and never before in any . speech of this flippant politician was there such an expression of earnest and shrinking responsibility . The late minister for India , with lus ready apprehension and great knowledge on the subject , was equally unable to inform , the House what military force will be required for India , and how it is to be obtained . We made a great and a noble , but a necessary effort to maintain our power there yvhen . it was assailed , and put down the-mutiny , but we can no more make such efforts continually than a racehorse , strained and wearied by one course , can be always

      running . We have a difficulty just now to provide for the safety of our own shores , The complaints of the insufficiency of our military defences are loud and numerous . Volunteer ' artillery and rifle corps are forming , hi the ports and villages of the empire , our finances are much strained fox a peace establishment , and yet we need more soldiers , more sailors , and more ships . With fewer than 80 , 000 Euro- ' pean troops , India , it is supposed by the commissioners appointed to inquire into the subject , cannot be held ,. and these must be assisted , or perhaps opposed , by 190 , 000 sepoys and 97 , 000 armed ^ Wj T * ^^ ™ ^^ ^^ # ^^ mm ^^ J ^^ ^^ MT ^* . m ^ ¦¦¦ - « w w ^^ ^»* it » p «* ¦ "i ¦¦ ^^ - ~"

      ^ policemen . The more efficient we make the latter , so that they might be used in place of the Europeans , the more will the element of native strength predominate , and the less secure will be our dominion . Of 80 , 000 European soldiers , 6 , 000 , it is said , perish annually . The-whole' would die in thirteen years , in which time the generation to replace them would not be grown to manhood . To keep up such an army , 30 , 000 men must pass annually between India and England , and 10 , 000 must be always at sea . The native army , including the police , of nearly 300 , 000 men , now necessary , will soon require an army of Europeans half as largo to secure its obedience , and such an array we cannot raise .

      As a set-oft against such alarming theoretical conclusions , wo have the praotioal fact that the vast territories in India have been conquered and hitherto preserved by a much smaller force ; but this was from the first achieved by using one jealous native jjowor against another , and the means of doing it came to an end when our dominion had merged all the jealous p owers in itself . Tine India Company contending with tho separate vassals of the Mogul , with Hyder Ally , Tippo Sahib , or the Mahrattas , haying other native powers on its side or neutral , is very different from the Queen of England ruling the whole of India in quietuses , for tfco admitted woHtu-e of all tie people .

      Tub Chef Dm Ba.Tauoi.On Story.—M. Garnie...

      Tub Chef dm Ba . tauoi . on Story . —M . Garnier do Cassagnac tells tho public in tho Pays , that people in Paris have no idea of the immense " prido winch the honest rustles of the provinces tuko in the bravery of their Enrporor . They are all , ho Bays , familiar with the story of tho epaulette carried away by a ball . No doubt they are , for the anpodotp has been ' most sedulously circulated by the prcfectorial journals . « Tho story' is a very protty one , but unfortunately it is untrue , as M . do Cassagnac knows , or at least has the means of knowing . The simple truth about the epaulette Is that tho Emperor ; who wears tho epaulettes of ft general of division , took one off to give to Brigadier-General Auger hi token of hie promotion white he was lying wounded on tho Held ,

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), July 23, 1859, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_23071859/page/10/