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Leader (1850-1860), 22nd December 1855, Edition 2 of 2, Page 11

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      The War I3st Asia. The Fall Of Kars Has ...

      Kars , and does he nevertheless persevere ? From the course of his march it is obvious that Qmak Pacha ' s movement from Souchum Kaleh Vas quite unsuspected by the Russians , arid quite unprepared for . He carried the Ingour , occupied Sugdidi , fought , it is said , a second battle at Khoni , and won it ; and still pressed on for Kutais . While Kars held out thjs was a bold and prudent operation , well calculated to compel Mouravieff to draw off from Kars for the defence of Tiflis . But , as the Russian General doubted the ability of the garrison to hold out , so he seems to have

      doubted the power of Omar Pacha to carry out his project . The fruit was Kars . Now , General Mouravieff can leave a garrison there , a & d , if the snow permit , hasten with the rest of his array to force back the Turkish General . The question is , whether the latter can hold his ground , and , if he press on , can he keep it , and maintain intact through the winter a long line of communications with the sea ? Supposing the goal of Omar Pacha is Akhaltsikh , instead of Tiflis , and General Mouravieff occupies it first , how will it be possible for Omar Pacha to hold his ground ? We confess we look on his position with apprehension .

      There is another aspect of the question . Kars has fallen , and Russia is victorious . The Porte is pledged to the war in Asia ; her troops , are entangled in the matter ; she is in every way committed . The Allies really promised to back her ; will they keep their promise ? If they do , they will have to fight a sanguinary , a religious war ; if they do not , at least Turkish Armenia will run great risks of being conquered .

      December 22, 1855] The Leader. ¦ 1223

      December 22 , 1855 ] THE LEADER . ¦ 1223

      The New Metropolitan Legislature. Lonpqk...

      THE NEW METROPOLITAN LEGISLATURE . LoNPQK is formed into a Federal Municipality . It is , indeed , at present only confederated for certain purposes . The several districts have elected their new vestries , and have sent their representatives to the General Board of Works , which will manage the Metropolis with reference to road ? , drainage , & c . The members of the Metropolitan Parliament have met , and have taken a business view of their position . They look first to their first duties , and show an unusual degree of scrupulousness in doing those duties properly . Their first care was to fix the salary of their chairman , then to elect him . They fixed the salary at a minimum , — that is the fashion of the day . They deferred the election of their chairman , but they laid down the peremptory condition that he must give up the whole of his time to the commission . They are looking at present only to works ; they trouble themselves not with local politics , or the numberless duties that may ultimately come before a federal administration of the Metropolis . Works at present feed all their minds , and they evidently desire to have a chairman efficient , and faithful , and

      cheap . The so-called " utilitarian" spirit of the dny , which runs always to the most material and narrowest view of uses , has tended much to extinguish that healthy tone of action which makes men " ambitious . " It is partly because our middle-classes are not enough ambitious they call ambition n vice—that they leave power to be assumed by those whom birth or wealth places at the head of nfuiirs ; mid we are governed by an aristocracy of privilege , because the lovo of power has declined in the breasts of the people . Hence , they can-at present conceive no higher idea of a Board of Works with a working ngent in the chair .

      Time will expand the ideas of the new Metropolitan Parliament ; and , if they choose an efficient chairman , he may help tlio expansion . One man has been named amongut the candidates who would be efficient in his duties ,

      certainly most clear-sighted , and as independent as any man in the whole country—it is Mr . Roebuck . The public would like to see him placed there . But he is a man not without ambition . He is capable of seeing that the Board of Works is only the germ of the greatest municipality that the world ever saw . The new Council of Forty placed over our empire city , greater than that of Venice in

      extent of population and wealth , —r-a giant to a dwarf , —appears to us to have under-estimated its own position , except in the endeavour to bring its chairman under it with a crushing supremacy in the council over its President . This beats Venice : the Doge was not reduced to his full tractability before the lapse of centuries . Mr . Roebuck , however , has the spirit of a Marino Faliero , and he needs not fear the fate of that great man .

      The Eegius Professor's Submission. Our R...

      THE EEGIUS PROFESSOR'S SUBMISSION . Our readers are aware that there has recently been a great stir at Oxford and in the religious newspapers about a book written by the Rev . Benjamin Jowett , of Balliol College . Mr . Jowett , who , luckily for himself , was made Professor of Greek just before the entente began , is one of the best men and most influential teachers at Oxford . His

      book is a very able ( we believe it is undoubtedly the ablest ) commentary on the Epistles to the Romans , Thessalonians , and Galatians—a commentary learned without pedantry , and as candid as it is possible for any one under the writer ' s circumstances to be . The commentary is interspersed with Essays , very beautifully written , and often very masterly , on subjects connected with the Life , Character , and Doctrines of St . Paul , and the nature and institutions of Primitive Christianity ;—the account of Primitive , Christianitybeing probably the most comprehensive , philosophic , and trustworthy thing of the kind we have . The whole work is marked by

      conspicuous excellencies and equally conspicuous defects . The excellencies arise from learning , philosophy , earnest thought , candour , real human sympathies , honesty of purpose . The defects arise irom timidity , inconclusiveness , the enfeebling and mystifying influences of German philosophy—the tyranny of clerical obligations . You feel the pressure of the white neckcloth in every page , forcing the writer not only to stop short of obvious conclusions , but sometimes even to draw from his premises an opposite conclusion from that to which they obviously lead . Such is the character of the work which seems destined to make almost as great a commotion in the Church as Dr . Hampdkn ' s " Bampton

      Lectures , " or Mr . Ward ' s " Ideal . On two points , however , Mr . Jowktt has put aside that veil of mystic philosophy in which he gem-rally envelopes dangerous questions , and has spoken out too plainly for the endurance of his order . The one is the Conversion of St . Paul , the other is the Doctrine of the Atonement . He has intimated pretty

      clearly that the miraculous con version of bt . Paul may have been only what m called a subjective fact , —that i « , in plain Knglwli , no fact at nil , but a fiction of the imagination , in regard to the Atonement , Mr . Jowkit , m effect , denies that GoJ ) wan reconciled to man by the sacrifice of Cimisr—that Jlc is capable of interposing fictions of wrath or mercy between Himself uud IIis creatures— oi _ taking the sufferings of the innocent us a propitiation for the sins of the guilty—or being moved ,

      like a human conqueror , to momentary compassion . He admits , in short that the common and orthodox doctrine ol ihu Atoncmen is contrary to our moral sense , and to uJJ worlhy conceptions of the nature oi Uoi > .

      JJereupon , Mr . Golightly , who plays the part I of a sort of Informer-general against rising heresies at Oxford , and Dr . Macbride , a good old man and excellent Head of a House , whom we regret to see mixing in the persecution of free opinion , delate Mr . Jowett to the Vicer Chancellor , and the Vice-Chancellor , by virtue of the authority given him in such cases , calls upon Mr . Jowett to repeat his subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles , which , among other things , most distinctly affirm the common , orthodox , and , according to Mr . Jowett , immoral and impious doctrine of the Atonement . Mr . Jowett thus summoned by the Proconsul to burn incense to the image of CjESAU , burns

      incense without the slightest hesitation . This submission may seem at first sight calculated to excite considerable surprise , and even indignation . But the indignation , if pointed at Mr . Jowett individually , would be unjust . Membership of a national University is made to depend on the belief in Articles , which no one of the various sects in the Church of England believe , except perhaps the remnant of the Iiigh-and-Dry-school ; and which even the remnant of the Iiigh-and-Dry-school believe in ignorance , which to them is bliss . Hence has arisen a regular

      system , of subscription in ' non-natural' senses , a system which the Nkwmanites first openly avowed , and carried to the most unblushing extent . High Churchmen of course cannot conscientiously speak to the Article which sets Scripture ( that is , of course , Scripture interpreted by the reason of the individual ) above the Church , or to the Article which consecrates Erastianism by laying it down that General Councils cannot be summoned without the consent of Princes , and cuts away the very root of the High Church theory , by declaring that General Councils , when summoned , are liable to err . Some of them used to get

      over the words requiring the consent oi princes to the assembling of Councils , by interpreting them as an assertion of the pregnant and relevant fact that the Bishops cannot get to the place of meeting unless Princes will allow them to have the use of railways and nostchaiscs ! Again , the Evangelicals cannot conscientiously assent to the Canon ( subscribed with the Articles ) which declares that all the doctrines contained in the Book of Common . Prayer , among others the doctrine oi Baptismal Regeneration , are agreeable to the Word of God . They therefore must blink or distort the obnoxious passages when they set their hands to the Canon . The oiliciul luith

      of the University is an organised hypocrisy , crown so familiar aa not to touch the moral sense , of which Mr . Jowktt is an instance only , though he happen * to bo a somewhat conspicuous instance . We arc not inclined to use any hard Ianimago on the subject , nor do we think tliatapy hard language would bo justified . r l he connivance of society can no doubt , modify the

      , import of an act , of subscription , as well as o * any other act of a public nature . Butw 4 o , in the name of veracity und justice , call for an immediate change of Nyatem . Such divorcement between public profus ion and private faith in laud to religion , and fatal o ru The Church in which it prevails is not " bjoatl Jivuoar

      Church , but n Church of fraud and « M ,. * , „ , grounded not on ^ Jd ^ Znt differences , but on a ^ « J where no agrce . net ^ | Jje ^ Jo our iniag . nauon ^ t « «««* , <; , llu U , or own bo yxpe ««««/ l " lt »' it mul , <> poli . seH , for to the U , nvo . wt'c » « » . ^ J ^ ^ KIU < Il Td Uv J r . r ^' s aflair , "" will add H ,, gg . « tec 1 v M J w . , ,., e . TJ $ Z 2 I ^ W reverently , u > -

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Dec. 22, 1855, page 11, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22121855/page/11/