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Leader (1850-1860), 22nd September 1860, Edition 2 of 2, Page 12, THE PROPOSED NEW COTTOK COMPANY (LIMITBI...

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      820 The Saturday Analyst And Leader. [Se...

      820 The Saturday Analyst and Leader . [ Sept . 22 , i 860

      State Document. Memobandttm Addbessed By...

      STATE DOCUMENT . MEMOBANDtTM ADDBESSED BY THE SARDINIAN GOVEBNMENT TO ITS 1 " EBPRESBNTATIVSS AT IToKEIGHSf CotTBTS , EXPLAINING ITS / SEASONS FOB ENiEEIKG THE ROM AN STATES . ; . " The Peace of Villafranca , by assuring to the Italians the right of disposing of their own fate , empowered the populations of many provinces of the North and Centre of the Italian PeninsiUa to substitute the national government of the King Victor Emmanuel for governments subject to foreign influence . " This great transformation has been accomplished with admirable order , -without disturbing any one of the principles upon which social order is based . . m " The events which have taken place in the JEmilia and in Tuscany , have proved to Europe that the Italians , far from being actuated by anarchical passions , only asked to be governed by free and national institutions .

      " If this transformation could have been extended to the whole of the Peninsula the Italian question would have been settled at this very moment . Far from being a cause of apprehension and danger to Europe , Italy would be henceforth an element of peace and conservation . Unhappily the peace of Villafranca could only include a portion of Italy . It has left Venetia under the domination of Austria , and it has produced- no change in . central Italy , nor in the provinces remaining under the temporal domination of the Holy See . " We have no intention of discussing here the question of Venetia . It will suffice for iis to call to mind that as long as this question shall not be solved , Europe cannot enjoy a solid and sincere peace . There will always remain in Italy a powerful cause of troubles and revolution which , despite the efforts of the Governments , will incessantly threaten an outburst of insurrection and war in the centre of the Continent . " But it is well to leave it to settle this question . . —

      ' . '•• "Whatever rhay be the sympathy which the daily increasing unhappy fate of the Venetians justly inspires , Europe is so anxiously occupied with the incalculable consequences of a ~ war , she has so lively a desire , so irresistible a need of . peace , that it would be unwise not to respect her will . ' * ' But this is not applicable to the questions relating to Central and Southern : Italy . , '' - . . : . '" ' / - " - ¦ ;' . ; . \ \/ , '• ' ' ¦ ' ¦'¦'¦ ¦ , . ¦ '' Attached to a traditional system , of policy whjen has not been less fatal to hw family than to his people , the young King of IJaples , from his accession to the throne , placed himself in . flagrant opposition to the national sentiments of the Italians , as well as to the principles which govern , civilised countries . T > eaf to the counsels of France and : of England , refusing even to . follow the .. ' advice'of a Government whose

      constant and sincere friendship he" could not doubt * nor its attachment to th % principle ' . of authority , hie ^ rejected f or a whole year all the efforts of the Kingof Sardinia to lead . him , to a system of policy more conformable to the sentiments which dominate the Italian pepple ^ ^ " Whi » fc justice and reason could not obtain , a revolution has aecomplished- ^ a prodigious . revolution , which has filled Europe with astonishment by the almost ; providential manner in which it has been accomplished , and : excited its admiration for the illustrious -warrior whose glpribuB ( exploits recall allthat poetry and history can relate . '¦ * . * The transformation ^ y ^ hich has takisn , place in the kingdonx of Naples , though it has : been effected by means less pacific and regular than tUat of Central ? taly is not the lejas legitimate ; its consequences are not the less favourable to the true interests of order and to the

      cbnBoJidation of the balance of power in Europe . , * 'As soon ' as , Sicily and Naples shall form an integral part of the great Italian famUy the enemies of thrones will no longer have any powerful argument to bring" forward against monarchical principles . Refoiiitipnary passions will no longer find a theatre where most insane enterprises had chances of success , or at least of exciting the sympathy of all generous-minded men . " ! O : ne jnighfy then , be authorised to suppose that Italy may at last enter a pacific phase ofa nature to dispel European anxieties if the two great ; rbgipixs of the North and South of ttie Peninsulawere npt separated byprovinces whichi are in a / deplorable state . ¦ . «« The ftpman Gov « rnmeflt having , deoiifled tp take any part whatsoever in tbie great national mpveinent > having , on the contrary * continued

      to oppose it ; wit ) l ; themost , lamentable obstinacy , hag for a long time placed , itseif in open hostility with the populations which have not succeeded in throwing off its yoke . To keep thein cidwnj tp prevent theiftfrom manifesting the national sentiments whjlelv annnate them > lie has made , uae of thb : spiritual power which Providence has intrusted to hjm for an object far btherwiso great tlian-that assigned , to the pph " tio « l Government . , " 3 Jy presenting '¦ too the Catholjo populations the condition of Italy under . ifftlse and apmbyp oolouraj by making a ; passionate ; appeal to feel- * ing , or rather to fanatioiam , wljiioh atill holds so irauph sway , in pertain tmeiuighted classes of society , foei has s ^ coeeded in gathering money and naen from every ooirner of Europe , and in forming an arniy consisting almost exclusively of strangers , not only to the Roman States , but to the ^ hple pf Italy , ? to the to in

      « Jt . haa ^ peen reserved Roman , States , offer pur . century the fltrangd and ead spectacle of a government reduped to maintain its authority over its subjects by the means of foreign mercenaries blinded by fanfttipiam , op enticed by the bait of prpmiaea . wluoh could not be fulfilled , ojEcept by tUrpwing wholo proyinces into p ^ ietreBB . <« Siioh faofa provole , in the l > ighost degree , the indignation of the Italian ^ who have achiovod their Hborfcy and independence . E ^ ll p £ Bympatliyfpr their brethren in feat pnMl ^ idos the . aeaire pf nelpirigto pwit an end to n . state of things which , is an outrage to th ° i PFin ^ 'P ^ P ? juatioQ aud o £ humanity , and which Voitiindsdeeply the national flentimen ^ t . ¦ . ¦ , ± ' * Mthejagb , sharing this painful emptxon , the Government of jilw Kiiqig thpvight ifc right hitherto to prevent any disorganised attempt to delivorthe populations of Umbvift and of tb ^ e 3 SjIatphoB frpn > % \ xq yoko whidivoppreBses'tUein , 5 ut $ pouW not dissimulate that theinprpaBipg irritatioS ' of the populations oouW n ? ^ S 6 F be oontained mthput h ' avWvecowseio / fore © an < ji , tp yioleiat mfeaawrea . Jdfor ^ pver , the j-evplutionhfeg tWwmpho . a at Wapiea / ooiild it b 0 ¦ stoppoflat tl \ 9 frontier

      State Document

      of the iRoman States , where it is invoked by abuses not less serious than those which ha \ e irresistibly drawn the Volunteers of Upper Ital y into Sicily ? " By the cries of the insurgents of the Marches and of . Umbria the whole of Italy was moved . I ? o power can prevent thousands of Italians from rushing from the centre and from the north of the Peninsula to the aid of their brothers threatened with disasters similar to those of Perugia . ? If the G ( -overnment of the King remained passive amid this universal emotion , it would place itself in direct opposition with the nation . The generous outburst which the events of Naples and of Sicily have produced in the masses would degenerate at oriee into anarchy and disorder .

      " It would then be possible and even probable that the regular movement which has hitherto taken place might suddenly assume the character of violence and passion , Whatever power the idea of order may exercise over the Italians , there are provocations which the most civilised people cannot resist . Assuredly they would be more to be pitied than blamed if for the first time they gave way to violent reactions , which would lead to the most lamentable consequences . History informs us that a people who are now at the head of civilisation , havs committed under the Empire the most deplorable excesses for less

      serious causes . . " Shouldit expose the Peninsula to similar dangers , the Government of the King would be culpable towards Italy ; it would not be less so towards Europe . _ " Th $ King would be wanting in his duties towards the Italians , who have always hearkened to the counsels of moderation which he has given them , and who have , entrusted to hiin the high mission of directing the national movement . ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . ' ¦¦ ; " He would be wanting id his duties towards Europe , for he has contracted towards it the moral engagement of not allowing the Italian movement to degenerate into anarchy and disorder . the CroVerriment of the

      "It is to fiilfil this double duty that King , so soon as the insurgent population of the Marches and of Uinbria sent him deputations to invoke his protection , granted it to them at once . At the same time he sent a diplbmatic agent to Home to ask the Pontifical Grovernment to send , away the foreign legions which could not servo to repress the manifestations of the provinces wliich touch upon our frontiers without forcing us to interfere in their favour . - ¦ .. . ¦ : ' :- ' ' : •¦ . ' : ' . ¦ ¦ ; . . ' ¦ ' : ' ^ . ' _ : \ ' ¦ : .. i ¦ ' . ¦ ¦¦' " On the refusal of the Court of Rome to comply with that request , the . King has issued an order to his troops to enter Umbria and the Marches with the mission of re-establishing order there , and of leaving ents

      a free field tp the populations for manifesting their sentim . M The Koyal troops wrill scrupulously respect Borne arid the territory which surrounds it . They would lend their support ., should it ever be wanted , to preserve the residence of the Holy Father against any attack or menace ; for the Government of the King will always know how to conciliate the great interests of Italy with the respect due to the august chief of religion , to whpnx the country is sincerely attached . " In acting thus it has the conviction of not hurting the feelings of enl ightened Catholics who dp not confound the temporal power with which the Court of Rome has been invested during ; a period of its historywith the ipirityaL power -whiqli is the eternal and itninoveablp basis of his religious authority / : .. , i :-

      , _ . . ., , _ ,. _ ,., " But our hopes go still further . We have the confidence that the spectacle of the unanimity .-of-tlie patriotic sentiments winch now burst forth thrbughp ^ t th e whole Of Itaiy will remind the Sovereign . Pontia that he was some years ago the sublime inspirer of this great national movement . The veil which counsellors , animated by mundane interests , had placed over his eyes , will fall , and then , recognising that the regeneration of Italy is a- decree of Providence , ho will rcbecome the Father of the Italians , as he has never ceased to be the august and venerable leather of all the IFaithfal . 'Turin , Sept . 12 , 1860 . "

      The Proposed New Cottok Company (Limitbi...

      THE PROPOSED NEW COTTOK COMPANY ( LIMITBI ?) . The meeting announced in our impression of the 8 th instant , when we gave a detailed iiptice of this company , tpok place on . the day appoirited . Wi > give a condensed report of the proceedings . Mr . BaKle y > M . P ., who prpsidedj gave a very clear exposition of the objects ana advantages proposed to be aohioved by the company- Ho said he ton that those with ; whom he had the hbnoiir of . being now associated Avero performing an important public ^ nd social duty . The first supplies ot qOttbn used inc this cpuntry were from the , colonies of the Span . iau , Fronbli , 3 > utpU , and ^ ortugnoaq ,. and from Turkey . Those ewly sources of snpply were completoly exhausted , and ^ ve wevo almost oxoluaively dependent on the United States . When cotton waa ftwt Yt

      needed the price was exorbitantly high , and npw t « e races were " , y moderate . DwrinK the last few years th , ere had been very oxtraordinai-y fluofcuatipns , and the cotton planter had npt , had that legitimate onooin ragemont wlwoh a steadier rate of prices might havo' given ftun . xaese irregularities in prices were attributable to our UmitaUon to one or two Bourcoa pf supply . Our last yoaVa consumption of cotton was ftDoui 1 , 000 , 000 , 0001158 ! weight , of which 800 , 000 * 000 lbs . oaino from tHe United States , l 20 > 000 , 000 iba . frojn the other foreign epuvoes , and only 80 , 000 , 000 Ibe . frpnv British cblonaea , The poUon industry wae oi amaKinff pecuniary importance to this country . The nggrogato amount 7

      of o \ xr labour , capital , and matorial embarked in it was upwurtw «* i | B 70 , 000 , 000 stei'ling . When people talked about the amoun t oi . ou national revenue , they , woultf please recollect that the groati cohou industry just indibated the extenlj of the taxation the pooplo wo roJu " Joplj-tp / 1 'ho twde was mpat wonderful in affordini ? employrnont ^ to people in the riunwfaoturing districts Jfour or flvp imlnoiis _ of Pf # wer ^ direct ^ or , indireptlyintoroBtod in this mduRtry - we hud , hi fact , a aumboi ' of people in this country dependent on tlio cotton industry , equal to ? he population of tlw kingdom 'of ^ M ^ ntioaS aggregate capital it employed waB probably wot leas than WWJJ mtk a tradf of this m ^ gni ^ dei wWoh . had anaen | phq ^ M , i ° t aU ; in the course of . > single century , he asked , wa » it e ^ fe or diBO ^ et »» a commercial opiintvy t ^ depend niajnly on one uowoe of supply * «>™

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 22, 1860, page 12, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_22091860/page/12/