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Leader (1850-1860), 21st February 1857, Edition 2 of 2, Page 8, OUR CIVILIZATION. 4 ATTEMPTED MURDER AND...

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      Continental Notes. K11anck. A Vounci Man...

      The Austrian * bare been in the habit , daring their occupation of Rome , of occasionally arresting Italian subjects and committing them to prison , where they hare been maintained at the expense of the Papal Government . As a corollary to his amnesty in the North of Italy , the Emperor of Austria ordered the discharge of these captives , but the Pope objected , the order being an exercise by foreigners of sovereign , power . The Austrians , however , insisted , and the Roman authorities at length consented , but with so bad a grace that they delayed the release of the prisoners for some days after they had determined on sanctioning it , and sent them from the Castle of Paliano to Home , in chains , accompanied by thieres , and so exposed to cold and unprovided with food , that they would hare died but for the charity of the gendarmes who escorted them .

      The Grand Duchess and Regent of Parma has liberated the political prisoners in the duchy , on condition that they shall expatriate themselves beyond the seas . It is announced in a letter from Naples that the convention concluded between the Neapolitan Government and the Argentine Republic cannot be carried into effect , inasmuch as only six of the political prisoners in confinement have agreed to expatriate themselves , and they are too few to form a colony . The King had appointed a commission , composed of General Afan de Rivera , the Attorney-General Gallotti , Tocca , Attorney-General of theCourt of Cassation , the President Jannicone , aud the President of the Royal Court of Aquila , to inspect the provinces , and to recommend to the Government what reforms they may consider necessary .

      The Sardinian Chamber of . Deputies has at length , after a debate extending through twenty sittings , passed the bill for public instruction by a majority of 75 against 55 . — The general tenour of the law , " says the Times Turin correspondent , " is that all persons properly qualified , lay or clerical , shall be free to establish schools , but that all schools , whether public or private , « hall be subject to the surveillance of the Government , in accordance with the special regulations made and provided for such cases . In all public schools , the Roman Catholic religion will be the foundation of religious instruction , but children not of that religion will be left to the care of their parents . 'The Minister of Public Instruction will direct and promote the increase of public education , but he will only supervise private institutions as to morals , health , the institutions of the State , and public order . "

      A paper -war , having considerable state significance , has been raging between the official Austrian Gazette of Milan and the equally official JPiedmontese Gazette . The Austrian organ commenced hostilities by a bitter attack on Sardinia , accusing that state of perpetual underhand attempts to aggrandize its petty territory , and threatening that any attempt to renew the plots of 1797 will lead to severe punishment . In another article , the Sardinian Government is upbraided for the slight check it puts upon the freedom of the press , and is accused of tacitly sharing in the praise showered on Milano for his attempt on the life of the King of Naples . The Piedmontese journal replies by exposing the treacherous

      machinations against Sardinia constantly pursued by Austria ; vindicates the right of the Sardinian Ministers to promote the welfare of Italy by all honest means ; and concludes thus : — " Confident , not in the forbearance of Austria , but in the purity of their intentions and in the justice of their measures , sustained by the friendship of their alliea and by the sympathy of all Europe , they ( the Ministers ) are not frightened by the dangers which impend—dangers they know how to meet with resolution , convinced that henceforth , when wars take place in the sacred name of civilization and juaftce , success does not depend solely upon the number of soldiers or the extent of territory . "

      . It appears now but too certain that the King of Prussia , having obtained the release of the Neufchutel prisoners , will do his utmost to avoid fulfilling his implied promise to give up all elaim to the disputed principality . " The King ' s views , I understand , " says the Times Berlin correspondent , " point to a return to the purely monarchical relation that existed between the principality and its Prince previous to 1806 , up to ¦ which time , whatever the nature of Neufchatel ' s relations and alliancea with certain cantons of Switzerland may have been , there is no trace to be found in history of anything like a , claim on the part of Switzerland to SSlis ?*™ \ to * " > *} Bpy or government of the principality . A feeling of dissatisfaction is bccominK very general in Switzerland . k v y

      RUSSIA . Tho ukase relative to the concession of the railwava & f i ? atCU t ? m St - Pete" * urg ) has at length « p peared . It concedes to a company composed off itiaSn and foreign bankers tho linos already known with In addition a branch to KOnigaberg , in order to p aTe them in direct communication with tho European lines S concess . on s for eighty-five years , and the works " to be executed m ten . years . A board of direcTra is Jo hi formed at St . Petersburg , and , in addition , a c « mmUte of nine niembors is to bo established at PoX So capitals to bo 275 , 000 , 000 roubles- tli « I !! I bo of MOflr , and to biiu ^^ ^ -SSS ^

      Paris , London , Amsterdam , and Berlin . The first series of 600 , 000 shares has been taken by the founders . The Government is to have the right of repurchasing the concession in twenty years . The marriage of the Grand Duke Michael of Russia with the Princess Cecile of Baden is to take place at St . Petersburg in March . The Grand Duchy of Finland is in a state of distress bordering upon actual famine . Large subscriptions , headed by the Empeior and Empress , have been opened for the relief of the people . FORTUOAI / . The House of Deputies is still engaged in the debate oh the reply to the speech from the throne . The Ministers hare declared to the Cortes that no crisis exists .

      SWTTZKBtAND . Colonel Asztalos , a young officer who served in the Hungarian war of independence , has been shot in a duel at Geneva by a Polish wine merchant of Bordeaux , with whom he had quarrelled at a whist table . The occasion of the dispute was so trivial that General Klapka , who was present , tried to prevent the meeting , but failed ; the colonel was killed , and lis adversary was wounded in the hip . . It had been agreed on between the combatants that if one of them fell it should be made to appear that he had committed suicide , and accordingly the body of Asztalos was placed at the foot of a tree in a wood where it was found . ¦ .

      DENMA . RK . The treaty concerted between England , Prussia , and France for the redemption of the Sound Dues was made the subject of a conference of the Powers interested in that question , on the 3 rd inst ., at Copenhagen . On this occasion not only the representative of Austria , but also the plenipotentiary of the Hanseatic Towns , acceded to it , in addition to the original members of the conference . The withdrawal of the despatch that the Danish Ministry was about to forward to Vienna and Berlin , refusing to listen to the remonstrances of the German Powers , is understood to have been occasioned by some intimations from Russia of her rulers no longer being disposed to support Denmark in the course of treatment she has observed for a long time past towards the German Duchies . —Times Berlin Correspondent .

      GEKMANT . Saxony and Prussia have just concluded a treaty , of which the object is to establish between the two countries a new communication , by means of a railway to connect Leipsic and Berlin by a direct line . This line will form a junction at Bitterfield with tho railway which unites Wittemberg to Halle , by way of the Elbe and Bitterfield . SP . AIJT . EspaTtero has resigned his position as a senator , " for reasons which , " as he says in a letter to the Queen , " no one will understand better than her Majesty . "

      TURKEY . The Sultan and the Ministers have subscribed to the Smyrna Railway , which has been conceded . It is to pass by the route of Aidan . The town of Candia will be rebuilt , and the damages of Sinope repaired .

      BEIX 1 IUM . Alluding to Mr . Disraeli and " the secret treaty , " the Tndepcndance Beige says : — " All that Lord Palmerston has acknowledged was announced by us more than two years ago , at the very time of the signature of the treaty , in a despatch from Berlin , dated the 31 st of December , 1854 , published in our number of the 1 st of January , 1855 , and completed by a letter of our Berlin correspondent , which appeared in our number of January 2 . " Another corres pondent of the same journal , however , afterwards contradicted tho assertion with respect to the existence of such a treaty .

      X76 The Leader. [No , 361, Saturday.

      X 76 THE LEADER . [ No , 361 , Saturday .

      Accidents And Sudden Deaths. A Melanchol...

      ACCIDENTS AND SUDDEN DEATHS . A melancholy catastrophe took place last Saturday on board the steam frigate Arrogant , now lying alongside Portsmouth Dockyard . A heavy pivot-giin was being hoisted out , when it dropped , and fell on James Desman , one of the crew , who was instantaneously killed . An inquest was held on board , and a verdict of Accidental Death was returned . The gun foil owing to tho tackle breaking , though it was quite new . Dr . J . T . Bateson , of Lancaster , hna been killed on the North-Western Railway . He and some others were " crossing tho line at the Settle station , when tho doctor stooped , apparently to pick up something , and tho engine knocked him down and posscd over him . He was convoyed to Lancaster much mutilated , and expired shortly after reaching his home . A woman who was crossing the lino at tho samo time was also knocked down , but Avas only slightly injured .

      An accident has occurred to tho evening express train on tho Tynoniouth branch of the North-Eastern Kailway . The train left NowcasLle-on-Tyno at a quarter to five , -with about twenty passengers . When it was within a quarter of a milo of Shields , an axletreo of tho first carriage broke , forced tlio carriage offita springs , and threw it completely across , the lmo . In spito of this obstruction , th « train continued to run on , some carriages

      An explosion of fire-damp has taken place in the Pew Fold Colliery , Ashton , about four miles from Wigan , by which three colliers were killed , and two others seriously burned . The catastrophe was caused by one of the men going too close to a new air ioaa with a naked candle in his hand . Two men were engaged in the neighbourhood of Canterbury in conveying from Whitstable some spirit which was over proof . On the road , they contrived to abstract a portion , which speedily rendered them senseless ; and , being discovered in this state , they were conveyed in waggons to Canterbury . One of them died before he arrived there ; the life of the other was saved by the use of the stomach-pump .

      being on and some off the line , till it was brought to stop by coming in contact with the parapet of the bride-P which crosses the Shields turnpike-road . The coupluf chains of the engine gave way in the shock ; but several of the passengers received severe injury . —A collusion occurred on the same line on Tuesday , by which several passengers were injured . A frightful accident took place on the London and South-Western Railway , near the Barnes station on Monday . The wife of the switchman noticed her child upon the line just as the goods train was making ramd progress towards the station . She rushed across the metals to save her child , which she succeeded in doinebut before she could gain the platform she was caueht by the train , thrown down upon the line , and her two legs nearly severed from her body by the passing of the wheels of the carriages over her limbs . "Very slight hopes are entertained of her recovery .

      Mr . C . K . Sala , a brother , we believe , of Mr . George Augustus Sala , the writer , died suddenly at the house of his mother , well known in the musical circles of Brighton , on Tuesday night . The cause of death was an apoplectic stroke . He was only thirty-four years of age - A few minutes after twelve o'clock on Thursday a fearful explosion took place at the Lund-hill Colliery situated about half a mile from the "Wombwell station on the South Yorkshire Railway . The day workers , to the number of a hundred and eighty men and eight lads , descended at six o ' clock in the morning . At twelve o ' clock , twenty-two of them , who reside near the pit , came up to dinner , the rest remaining to partake of that meal in the pit . Shortly afterwards , the explosion occurred . The frame in which the corves descend was blown

      up the shaft and lodged in the gearing above the pit mouth . Numbers of men from neighbouring collierie 3 flocked to render assistance , and up to seven o'clock sixteen men had been drawn up alive , some of them most seriously injured ; but this left one hundred and fortytwo men rem aining in the pit . The interior -was set on fire by the explosion , and the flames spread with auch rapidity as to render improbable the reaching of that part of the pit where the one hundred and forty-two men are supposed to be . Twelve or thirteen dead bodies were picked up in the main tramways ; but it has been found necessary to close the mouths of the pit . It is supposed that a fall in . some part of the works has led to the explosion .

      Our Civilization. 4 Attempted Murder And...

      OUR CIVILIZATION . 4 ATTEMPTED MURDER AND HIGHWAY ROBBERY 1 H SURREY . Air outrage has been committed on the high road between the villages of Nutfield and Warwick-town , in Surrey , which bears a . close resemblance to those murderous attacks on wayfarers which are of frequent occurrence in Ireland . The accounts of the affair are somewhat contradictor }' . According to one , as Mr . Ovenden , a draper , was returning from Godstone to-Warwick-town in a light cart , on the evening of Friday week , about a quarter to five o ' clock , a man dressed as a labourer , who was walking in the same direction , asked for a lift . Mr . Ovenden complied ; and the two drove through Nutfield . A little beyond that village ,

      they arrived at a very lonely part of tho road , when the stranger suddenly turned upon Mr . Ovenden , and demanded his money or his life . The other thought this was merely a joke ; but the man took out a pocketpistol , and pointed it at his companion ' s breast . Still Mr . Ovenden treated tho thing as a rough piece ] of practical fun , though tho truth must by this time have been obvious , for the man , with a threatening aspect , repeated his demand . He was met with a firm refusal to givo any money ; on which tho man fired , and the bullet lodged in Mr . Ovenden ' a left breast , a little below

      tho shoulder . Tho victim , still holding tho reins in hi 3 hand , fell to tho bottom of the cart , and tho horse wns pulled up by tho jerk . Tho assassin then proceeded to riflo the pockets of his companion , who was lying senseless , and from whom ho took 4 . 1 . in gold , and about ten shillings in silver , with which he made off across tlic country . Mr . Ovenden recovered his consciousness about a quarter pnst live , and endeavoured to stanch tlio bleeding with his pocket handkerchief . Ho then drove homo , where ho arrived almost fainting , but at once gave information to the police , accompanied by n minute description of his assailant . He then went to bed , and

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 21, 1857, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_21021857/page/8/