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    I The Government. . ; . . ¦ • • ' _ . . ...

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    COTTON SUPPLY. The Cotton Supply Reporte...

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    NOTES OJtf INDIAN PBOGKRESS. An importan...

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    Death.—At Ferozepore, Upper India, on th...

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    The Nbpa.Ul Question. It Will Be Seen By...

    the war was already ' . begun and afforded very gpoi indications of their feeing towards us . Hitherto Dr Campbell aiid Captain James , who represented him when on furlough " , have kept . the Ghoorkas m order , and made them very useful in ^ settlement , for they have acted as labourers , and . beeni enlisted as recruits ; but a period has arrived wben this aid , instead of receiving enco uragement must be made of less importance to us Atanyoae moment the settlement may be ravaged by the la ffe h itand the

    bodies of Ghoorkas distributed ihroug , town , schools , villas , and p lantations , which have taken so many years to rear , will be devastated This is , however , the least evil , for numbers of invalids women , and children-a population more particularly help less—are distributed there , and they could not bear the hardships of captivity in Nepaul were such an alternative to slaughter afforded them . Any blow aimed at Darjeeling will render fruitless the efforts made of late years to reopen commercial intercourse with Eastern Thibet , a resource , which when obtained , would of itself be a great mine of wealth for our territories in the district . .

    We are glad that the assurances we gave of the safety of the district have been ; confirmed , and trust that the difficulties experienced during this period of anxiety in . communicating with Darjeelino- wiU only render the Government of Bengal more determined to afford it the requisite facilities of access . .

    I The Government. . ; . . ¦ • • ' _ . . ...

    . . ; . . ¦ • ' _ . . 1- j r „ . ^ ^ * 1 SHB . I f y ^ M ^ : ^ - 1365

    Cotton Supply. The Cotton Supply Reporte...

    COTTON SUPPLY . The Cotton Supply Reporter , in a late number , has entered upon the consideration of the sources of supply of cotton , and has come to the conclusion that we are rapidly approaching the time when a jamine in . cotton will compel this country to look elsewhere than to America for that supply , which she candidly confesses herself incompetent to furnish . The present state of the cotton imports from India is viewed not without disquietude , as showing the

    necessity for more urgent action on the part of the Government . On the whole , the import of cotton from that country has been greatly stimulated , for in 1831 we imported from India only 35 , 178 , 625 lbs ., or about one-twentieth of our total supply ; but in 1857 we imported 253 , 516 , 000 lbs ., or about onefifth of the whole imports , and one-quarter of the quantity supplied by the United States . In the first six months of this year we have not received more than 56 , 525 , 000 lbs . from India * f

    Examining the returns o the exports oEnglish cotton goods , the-Reporter finds that in 1831 we exported of calicoes to China and India 27 , 373 , 835 yards ; in 1844 , 291 , 002 , 986 lyards ; but in 1857 , 5 ' , 35-J , 426 yards , being to China 121 , 594 , 515 , and to India . 469 * 757 , 011 yards . Thus resources aro provided for the purchase of cotton in the soil by the returns of the manufactured article . It is because we have made progress , because we have not been defeated in bur efforts to extend this trade , that greater efforts are necessary , and we can see the means of progress , and we nmst take

    advantage of them . Quicker transport is the great instrument for advancing the export and import trade . At present the merchant is impeded by the delays in getting his returns . If he makes advances on ? cotton crop in the interior , there is the growth of the crop , and then months possibly before it gets to the port of shipment ; in which time the market ia altered . The consequence of this is that advances cannot be made on growing crops , and the native grower is left , to a groat extent , in the hands of the native usurer , and the cultivation is discouraged . It is not worth while to make advances on rice or

    grain , for these in most places are articles of local consumption ; but cotton is an article of export , and therefore the merchant is led on step by stop till he makes advances on the crop ; and , indeed , thero aro few crops brought into the English market , whether wool , flax , sugar , or coffee , but what tho credit given by the English merchant on goods , or the positive advance of capital , has not assisted the production . Make tho delivery of the cotton grown not only speedier and cheaper but more reliable as to timq and condition , and the credits the merchant now gives will embrace tho production , and cotton will

    Become an eligible crop on that ground , for , under nil oiroumsbanoeB , thero will always be a preference for a crop which can at once bo turned into money , or which affords a good lion ; bo , too , the quicker manufactured goods can bo got up the country the further does the influence of the importing merchant and capitalist extend . It is , consequently , most aosirablo that while tho Government ) provides , for the means of production by the Madrns Irrigation Company and by the execution of local works , that the Madras , Great Indian Poninsuln , Borar and Bomwy , and Baroda Railways shall bo pushed on , bo as to

    Mgipi'lniy ' iuii other cotton districts , espeeiSnpfft the interior . At home , it is a matter of the greatest importance that our operatives shall pot suflfer by a cotton " famine , nor our merchants have their ia and out trade impeded by short supplies of raw material and goods .

    Notes Ojtf Indian Pbogkress. An Importan...

    NOTES OJtf INDIAN PBOGKRESS . An important measure is under the consideration of the Society of Arts for extending its connexion with the colonial interest , and more particularly with India . A committee for India is to be formed , and another f or' the colonies . The promoters of the use of Roman type in India have obtained the publication by Longmans of a cheap Hindostanee manual at half-a-crdwn , and by the Bible Society of a Hindostanee testament at one shilling , of which thirty thousand copies are to be printed ; part of these are to be English and Hindostanee , so as to favour the study of Hindostanee by persons about to proceed to India . As is well known by philologists and linguists the Ifew Testament is one of the best books from which an adult can learn a language , as , being familiar to the learner , it supplies its own vocabulary arid dictionary , aiid a practical grammar , furnishing a good stock of words ; and the pronunciation being afterwards acquired , and the grammar briefly studied , the learner is in a position to read common Works , to write a little , and begin his practice in conversation , for practice is the main thing in learning a language for speaking . There can he no doubt many a man , even am ong common soldiers , will on his way out obtain a conversance with Hindostanee , which his camp intercourse wilj improve , and he will become qualified as an interpreter , and to engage in civil pursuits and uncovenanted employments , otherwise beyond Iris

    capacity ; When the Hindostanee stock is sold off the more important step will doubtless be taken of adopting a like measure for Bengalee , and so for the other languages , as the capital will be reproductive . Hindostanee was perhaps best to begin with , being the camp language . A lecture was delivered on Thursday for the benefit of the Jews' Institution at Sussex Hall , on English Settlement in India , by Mr . Hyde Clarke , Honorary Secretary of the Society for Promoting English Settlement and English Progress in India .

    The Building Neios has announced a series of articles by Mr . Julius Jeffreys , F . R . S ., on the . peculiarities of Indian building , a subject on which little information has been obtained by English architects . In these articles ventilation , cooling 1 , and the various local arrangements will be considered , particularly in reference to military buildings . The Building News of this week contains an article founded partly on our Notes , in reference to the architectural arrangements and misarrangements of the Indian Government , and advocating the more extensive employment of civil architects and survey orSi The news from the hills and sanatoria is satisfactory , except from Darjeeling , which is menaced by Nepaul , and on which we have spoken in , another column .

    From Simla , we learn that the lamented death of Mr . D . O . B . Clark , has le that town without a boyB' school . Mr . Clark was the first to start a school at Simla in December , 1836 , under the auspices of tlie late General Tapp , then Political Agent . We regret that the Madras Government has declined to give the required aid for the formation of a public library at Ootakaraund on most trivial grounds . The building would have afforded a library and museum , for which the Government was asked to give tx site and 750 / ., the remainder being subscribed by the English in the town . Tho plea is that most of the English are not resident , but are only casual visitors , and in good circumstances , The Government does , however , express n willingness to give something .

    entirely unoccupied by the natives . The Government will be strongly urged to open up the district by roads , & c , so that we expect soon to report another successful colony . It is to be hoped the home Government will stir up the Madras authorities , for the establishment of these settlements is a matter of primary importance . . The leaves of absence to the hills reported by this mail are very few .. Assistant-surgeon A . Maclean , 32 nd Highlanders , is appointed to the medical charge of Darjeeling Dep 6 t instead of to Murree .

    It is a good omen for Bengal railways that the Government in India lias consented to guarantee five per cent , on the Mutlah Railway , the capital f or which is estimated at a quarter of a million . It may well be called an important undertaking , fo r by uniting Calcutta at once with a good harbour on the Mutlah , having ready access to the sea , and only thirty miles land carriage , it will render valuable services to the trade of Calcutta . The cost of conveying goods by the railway from the new town of Porfc Mutlah to Calcutta will be about 5 s ., and the

    railwayfares for passengers will be moderate . The distance is an hour ' s run . The commercial traffic will be enough to pay , but part of the suburbs o C alcutta through which the line passes are populous , and will afford a good return . The Mutlah line and harbour have had to contend with much discouragement , but now both are under favourable auspices . The union of the Mutlah line with the East Indian , by a bridge across the Hooghly , -will be a most desirable measure . The Indian Government Steam Navigation Company has been registered under the Limited Liability Act .

    The Great Indian Peninsula Railway has reduced the second-class fares to three farthings per mile . The East Indian Railway rates are lid . Capt . A . Impey , who was lately executive engineer at Allahabad , is now appointed civil architect at Calcutta—a rather strange appointment when plenty of qualified architects can be had from England . The Calcutta Uncovenanted Dispensary Company ( Limited ) is making good progress , as all the snares have been taken up—one-fifth by the native servants of Government . The object is to supply drugs at a cheaper rate .

    A great number of suburbs have been included in the city of Calcutta for municipal purposes , which will largely increase the municipal revenues . The names are Dukhirisore , Bunhoogly , Bunaunnuggur , Sabik Nowaparah , Palparrah Dum-Dumah , Kunyepore , Entalghattah , Taleegunge , Russa , Barabagaun , Auruckpore , Gobindpore , Dunkooreah , Podrah , Moodie Alee , Dhopaparah , Futtehpore , Luskerpore , Behalah , Shahpore , Bishenpore , and Poonungee . A municipal commission is appointed for the new and important seaport of Kurrachee . It consists of the civil surgeon , the bazaar-master , the executive engineer , the superintendent engineer of railways , the agent of the Scinde Railway , three English merchants , and three military officers .

    Extensive new entrenchments are to be made at Ghazeepore , in which the gaol and all the opium .-buildings are to be included . The Mechanics' Building Society of Bombay has begun operations , the Government having granted a site . The number of shares taken up is 288 . The first building will cost 7200 ? ., and will accommodate thirty tenants . The rent , to return 10 per cent ., must amount to 21 . 10 s . per month , a ' considerable sum , but one worth paying 1 to get good accommodation . The experiment is an interesting one .

    Thero is every prospect of the establishment of an English settlement at Khandalltv in the Western Ghauts , on the Great Indian Poninsula Railway , of which it will form a station . There are some good bungalows , and tho electric telegraph will bo accessible , communicating with Bombay . Some prefer Khnndalln to Mnlhoran . An important expedition has been carried out in tho Coimbntor © collectorato by Mr . J . W . Cherry , tho collector , and ton other gentlemen , who have

    explored tho hitherto unknown region of the Anuniully hills , on which great expectations have been justly formed . They started from Coimbatore on tho 12 th September , were absont ton day a , and ascended to the height of 6000 or 7000 feot . Their report is said to bo in ovory wny satisfactory , as they consider tlieso hills almost equal to tho Noilghcrrlos , and every way suitable for English settlement , with nbundanco of forest ) land , well adapted for coflbe , while tho upper rnngoa of these hills aro

    Death.—At Ferozepore, Upper India, On Th...

    Death . —At Ferozepore , Upper India , on the 80 th o August , Helen , the beloved -wife of F . Anderson , Esq ., M . D ., surgeon 4 th Regiment European Light Cavalry , aged twenty-seven years . Tim New Ambassador to China . —Tho Hon . Frederick Bruce , brothor of Lord Elgin , who acted aa secretary to him during his embassy in China , and brought home tho Treaty of Tien-tsin , baa been appointed the first Ambassador to Pokin under the provisions of the treaty . Mr . Bruce was attached to tho late Lord Ashburton ' a special mission to Washington in 1842 , was Colonial Secretary in Hong-Kong from 1844 to 1846 , was appointed Consul-Goneral in China in 1847 , Charge" d'Affaires in Bolivia in 1848 , at Montevideo in 1851 , and Consul-Goneral in Egypt in 1858 . —Times . Nkw Russian Speculation . —The Russian

    Government has sanctioned the formation of a joint-stock company for lighting tho streets of St . Petersburg with gas . Tho company has boon granted the oxclusivo right o lighting tho principal streets fora term of fifty yenrs , and has also tho lighting of all the lamps in tho otbor portion of tho city . Its operations extend , tboroforo , ti > overy point whore gas-lights alroudy exist . Tho cnplfnl is < lxod at 4 , 000 , 000 roubles , in 40 , 000 aliaros of 100 roubles each , tho first Instalment to bu Jifi roubles per sluire . If on tho expiration of one yonr nil the shares aro not disposed of , tho founders , Counts Solioiilavownna Mlnnnikow , Brothers , nro bound to take the remainder , so that tho nay men t of all tho wpitul ia assured . An immediate return of 0 per oont . la calculated upon

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 20, 1858, page 25, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_20111858/page/25/