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Leader (1850-1860), 20th November 1852, Edition Country of 2, Page 8, NATIONAL DKFKNCE. Alii the accounts from...

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      Tiik K A I'M It. Wait. Tnrc Propont.Is, ...

      at daylight on the loth ; the columns north of the Waterkloof , under Colonel Buller , the column south of the Waterkloof under Lieutenant-Colonel Eyre . The operations of that and of the following days were conducted with unabated vigour and great judgment on the part of the officers in command ; the troops bivouacked each night on the ground of their operations , and pursued , the following day , with an alacrity and zeal which cannot be too highly commended ,- the arduous task of searching for and clearing the forests and krantzes of the enemy ; these appeared to be panic-stricken , offering little resistance , but endeavoured to conceal themselves in the caverns and

      crevices of the wooded hills , where many of them were killed . So closely have all the kloofs and forests of these mountains been penetrated , that although a few lurking Kafirs may have evaded the troops , the result of the three days operations has been the evacuation of the Waterkloof and other fastnesses by the Tambookie chief Quashe and the Graika chief Macomo and his adherents , and the expulsion and destruction of the Hottentot \ narauders ; whilst the occupation of commanding points and the establishment of military posts

      effectually preclude their again fixing themselves in those haunts . These operations having been carried on under the personal observation of the commander of the forces , it is very gratifying to him to have witnessed the energy and admirable conduct of the troops , burghers , levies , and Fingoes ; and his Excellency conveys to the officers , non-commissioned officers , and men employed in these fatiguing duties , his satisfaction with the cheerful manner in which they were performed . "

      The non-arrival of the constitution has caused much dissatisfaction . An intimation has been received at the Colonial office at Cape Town , that a despatch on the subject of the constitution will be sent out by the next steampacket . Her arrival was therefore looked forward to ¦ with much anxiety . A meeting was held on the 8 th of October , by the popular party , when it was resolved to petition Parliament for the purpose of getting the constitution in the spirit of the letters patent ; and in the event of failure serious results were ominously predicted .

      1108 The Leader. [Saturday ,

      1108 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

      Eevolution In Buenos Ayres. The Restless...

      EEVOLUTION IN BUENOS AYRES . The restless people of the Argentine Republic have effected another revolution . On the 8 th of September General Urquiza left for Santa Fe , to instal the Constituent Congress , providently taking with him a considerable number of the deputies elect , and leaving General Galan with 4000 or 5000 Entrerianos and Correntinos to keep the Buenos Ayreans in order . The latter had made no great secret of their dissatisfaction , and found some of TJrquiza's most influential chiefs ripe for a revolt . On the morning of the 11 th the people and a part of the army fraternised , and Urquiza was deposed . Some two thousand troops , under the faithful Galan were allowed to retreat . How the revolution has resulted we have no means of saying . Generals Pinto and Piran , who succeed to a part of the powers of [ Jrquiza , for the old Chamber of Deputies lias arisen again , have confirmed the free navigation of the Parana and other rivers decreed l > y Urquiza . That is the chief interest we have in the ups and downs of the cxciteable gentry who dwell in that fiery region .

      National Dkfknce. Alii The Accounts From...

      NATIONAL DKFKNCE . Alii the accounts from the > militia regiments which have been in training represent them as in a fair way of becoming good soldiers ; and , what is more important , that their general behaviour has been unexceptionable . I'Yom personal inspection we can Hj ) eak of the altered appearance of the men of nt leust one corps . They now stand erect , when ; they stooped before ; their movements are brisk instead of sluggish ; they have the look , and gait , and hearing of men . It is now demonstrated that twenty-one days ' training is immensely serviceable , if only in a sanitary point of view ; mid the London clerks and shopmen would bo as much benefited sis the London paupers . So it is in the rustic quarters of the kingdom . But volunteer militia regiments me not the only , nor by any means the chief , means of national defence . We look for a great extension of military training , so that all classes may share in it . With this view we are pleased fo nee that Karl Fortescue , in reviewing the Kxeter Kiflo Corps , made the following speech : — "I have . juhI . received , wi < h much pleasure , a report , informing me that you have completed the number required to iorrn two companion , niul 1 am now ollieially enabled to lay before Ifor Majesty's ( Government a formal Htatomont to that , ofleot . It will ull ' ord me satisfaction to and my personal testimony to tho efficiency of the corps , whono voluntary services are than tendered to her Majesty . I do not , aud 1 never have feared a foreign invasion ; mil f do beliovM that tho host uafeguard against such aggression would bo tin * Juiowlodtro l > y iui'uijru CQWiUiw that tho

      people of England are prepared to repel it , and I cannot but feel that the best evidence of that preparation is to be found in the voluntary enrolment of those who are most interested in cultivating the arts of peace in associations for acquiring tho knowledge necessary to encounter the emergencies of war . Gentlemen , I view with pride the effort you have made in this county , and it will at all times be a gratification to me to promote the constitution , of your corps by every means in my power . " Earl Fortescue is the Lord Lieutenant of Devon , and his word is valuable at this juncture , as we may place it beside the Derbys and Lansdownes and Disraelis ; but why did not the Whigs , when they bad th « power , encourage the armament of the people ? - .

      Progress Of Association. Eepoet Of The S...

      PROGRESS OF ASSOCIATION . EEPOET OF THE SOCIETY FOB PROMOTING WORKING MEN ' S ASSOCIATIONS AND OF THE COOPEEATIVE CONFJEEENCE . I . We have received , and have given particular attention to the perusal of , The First Report of the Society for Promoting Working Men ' s Associations , to which ia added a Report of the Co-Operative Conference , held in London last July .

      We have great pleasure in calling the attention of our readers to this document , which intimately relates to the most important social movements of the day , and furnishes valuable and abundant materials for practically considering them . The Leader has always felt , and certainly evinced , a friendly interest in the work undertaken by the Promoters of Working Men ' s Associations , as a sympathetic effort of certain enlightened members of the liberal profession , to encourage and

      to guide a movement going on m this country , especially in the North , we might even say , for the last twenty years . We have been at the same time anxious not to give blindly or indiscriminately our approval ; and we have even at the risk of unjust imputations , opened our columns to queries which may possibly have had some share in eliciting many statements now to be found in the Report both of the Society and of the Co-operative Conference .

      We shall have to consider more than one point raised by these Reports , to place in their true light several statements which admit perhaps of a somewhat different aspect from that which they receive in these pages . Especially it will become our duty to point out such reforms in the constitution , and such modifications in the objects of the Society as we deem indispensable to a Society which aspires to represent fully the character and efficiency of a truly co-operative institution .

      We are the more disposed to advance our suggestions as the Society has spontaneously expressed the intention of modifying its own constitution . After offering our hearty testimony to the real good which has been effected by the conscientious and Helf-sacrificing efforts of a i ' ew benevolent gentlemen , we will sum up some valuable information , for which we are indebted as well to the delegates constituting the Conference as to 1 lie founders of the Co-operative Agency and the promoters of the Working Men ' s Associations . The following extract may be considered as a synopsis of tho doings of the Society froni its origin ( 1849 ) up to the holding of the Co-operative Conference , July

      18 , 1852 : — " Tho Societ y for Promoting Working Men ' s Associations stood pledged by its constitution to publish a yearly Report . It is now well on in tho third year of its existence , and has as yet published no Report . It has broken its bond , and wo think with good reason . Any lteports which wo could have published at the end of our first or second years would have been but tho voices of children shouting in the dark . The whole mass of our materials

      wore lying round us , and tumbling over us , in chaotic confusion . Facts which wo thought wo had established mid done with one day , were boliod by othor facts equally ufrong on tho next . Many of our pot theories wore being torn uj ) by tho roots , and over their uprooting were groat KearelnngH of heart , ; nor do wo pretend oven now that wo have been able to set our houso in order , and that henceforth our work will slide on gently without any chance of another of those great I ' lowiiiallinu'H , from which wo havo had so often to pick ourselves up wnco wo started .

      "Wo do not , Hay this -Wo havo a perfect science < o odor ; we do not , even think that we have yet ascertained what , is tho bent way of doing tho work wo havo taken in hand , lint , this wo do know , that Mutt work is one of tho greatest irtid noblest— if not tho greatest and noblest , —to which a man can put his hand at thin lime in Mid land . Aud that , we have no far made a trial of it ns to ho aMu in Home canes to generalize pretty confidently from our own experience , and to say -This course is a right one , and

      that a wrong ; with reasons iV > r our assertion . l < eohng , therefore , that in certain mattcro , which wo holievo to Imj of vital interest to our country , wo havo now a right to npeak tit ) men who havo boon in tho battle and havo provod their weapons , we havo no scruple i | i giving tjiiu Report to the public , and in claiming for it tho oarnowt attention of nil good men . "Our first mooting wan hold in November , 1 H 40 , and at that mooting eight or ton gontloiuon , and two or throe

      working men , determined to start an Association of T lots ; choosing this trade because we had alrea ^ M * whom we could thoroughly trust as manager and hL 1 ° au we could immediately ensure a certain amount of bSf to the Association by becoming ourselves its customer ? " JSo sooner had our firqt Association started tha tionsof all sorts arose as to its constitution andSS " ment , its relations to its founders and the nubile . Z over , other bodies of working-men applied to us for ° 5 ?" same kind of help as we had given to the taifo ™ % ? came necessary , therefore , that we should meet ofteni « S organize ourselves so as to act with effect upon the b ' cX . of working-men with , whom we were getting into o ™ nexion aid so in February , 1850 , the Societ y was defiS " tively formed into the shape which it still keeps and trmt offices at 468 , New Oxford-street . ' B > a took

      "We have published full details as to the organization of the Society , in Tract V ., on Christian Socialism it £ needless , therefore , here to enter upon the subject In order , however , that this Eeport may be understood bv those who have never seen the Tract , we may here state shortly , that the Society consists of Promoters and Asso ciates . The Promoters are represented by a council of twelve , under the chairmanship of the president of the Society . The Associates , or members of associations con . neeted with the Society , are represented by a central board * under the chairmanship of one of their own body , elected by themselves . The council of Promoters has charge of all business which the Society may have with the public at

      large , and of the teachings which the Society may feel it . 6 elf bound to put forth . Jit has acted also in practice as a court of arbitration , to which the members of the Associations may come , if they please , when internal disputes arise . The central board settles the trade affairs of the Associations , aud their relations with one another and the public , as trading bodies . Both of these bodies meet weekly . Regular minutes of their proceedings have been kept from the first by the secretary , and the more important of their resolutions and doings have been published regularly in the Christian Socialist and the Journal of Association .

      " The first difficulty which the Society had to meet was the impossibility of giving a legal existence to the Associations -which were growing up around it . If the number of members was less than twenty-five , they were all partners , consequently , under the law as it then stood , every individual member had power to pledge the credit of the Society , and might have made away with the common stock , or refused to obey the laws of the Society , while the only remedy against such dishonesty was a suit in Chancery . If the Association numbered more than twenty-five , it placed itself out of the pale of legal protection , unless it chose to register under the Joint-Stock Companies' Act ; the provisions of which , being wholly framed for bodies of persons subscribing- capital merely , and not labour , wero

      totally inapplicable , and too expensive , in any case , to have been of use . Under these circumstances , we mado the best shift we could for the time being , by vesting the whole property of each Association in trustees , and giving tb . em power at any moment to enter , and deal summarily with that property . We also set seriously to work to get the law altered , and as Mr . Slaney had just obtained a committee of the House of Commons upon the investments of the working-classes , we sent members both of the council and central board to give evidence before it , of this great want in our statute-book . Mr . Slaney took the matter up warmly , and the lleport of his committee urred strongly the necessity of giving proper facilities to working-men to combine togothor for the purpose of carrying on their trades for their own benefit . In tho autumn of that year

      ( 1850 ) tho Bill , which has since passed into law , was pro-• pared by Mr . Ludlow , member of the council of Promoters , and early in tho next session , by the exertions of Mr . Slaney and other gentlemen , it was submitted to ana approved by tho then Government , who undertook to pass it , but did not keep their word . Again , at the beginning of tho late session ( 1862 ) , tho Bill was brought forward by Mr . Slanoy , the Whig Government having refused to lake it up ; and that gentleman , seconded by Mr . Tuffnelj and Mr . Sothcron , succeeded in reading it twice , and obtaining a select committee of the House upon it in May . It might still however have stood over tho session , hut , that several members of Lord Derby ' s Government took it up warmly . Lord John Manners and Mr . Jlonley attended the coinm ; tt , m wwniiuvKr nrwl nllliruirl IH I Ml . SllirlOV Ut tl ) 0 tlUlH

      reading . Tho Bill was read a third time in June , « n <> « now law . Its short lillo is ' Tho Industrial and I ' rovinwK Societies' Act , ' 1852 , and , under its provisions , all botU <«> <» working-men joining togothor for tho purpoHos of ti « 10 may register themselves , and so obtain a lognl exist "ic ? - It enables them to sue and bo sued in tho names of tlioir officers , gives a summary tribunal ( o which they "' u > r 7 * peal in cases of dispute , and power to hind thoir memoer by their rules . The machinery of the Friendly h ()( : " ' , Acts has boon adopted , and tho registrar of Frienclly n - eu ' tios will now register Associations and (! o-opera ^ Stores . jNexfc < o tho gentlemen abovo named , w <) lU 1 'K men havo to thank Mr . Mullings , Mr . J . A . NtiuUi . '»"' ' , othor members of tho select , committee in tho JJouhi » Commons , and Lords Ilurrowby ami Ki » oii w <¦»« l W Mouho , for this Act , which will enable them lieroaiu-r _ work togothor will ) overy fair facility . -Kuduro n » w

      lie ut thoir own doors . " Tho efforts of tho Society towards tho pausing ^ tjio new act , " Tho Industrial and 1 ' rovident . Society * Ac ^ » re , up to the present moment , tho most piucf ical « ^ donee of their labours . Tho results of their oxcrt . oi' ^ create associations , now amounting to eleyo " number , have certainly contributed with h " ' « lorc jf / prove that tho urgency of new legislative « niu «« was juHtifUid by pre-established fuets . Another useful movement of the Society was the prfrj posalof intervention in tho dispute of tho Iron SIubw

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 20, 1852, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_20111852/page/8/