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    November 20, 1852.] THE LEADER. 1107 , ¦...

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    GENERAL riKUCK ELECTED PRESIDENT. Ah wo ...

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    TIIK K A I'M It. WAIt. Tnrc Propont.is, ...

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    Letters From Paris. [From Our Own Cobres...

    m presence of this Government , the murderer of fhe -people , the assassin of the Republic , and the violator f the laws , of this Government created by force , and hicb . must perish by force—of this Government raised hv crime , and which must be overthrown by right—the frenchman worthy of the name of citizen knows not , will ot know if there be somewhere the semblance of a ballot , fh 0 comedy . of universal suffrage , and the parody of an eal to the nation ; he does not ask himself if there be who vote wh to vote—if there be

    -men , or men o cause a ? erd called the Senate , which deliberates , and another herd called the people , which obeys ; he does not ask himself if the Pope be about to consecrate at the high altar of Notre Dame the man who—do not doubt it , for it is the inevitable f uture—will be chained to the pillory by the executioner . In presence of M . Bonaparte and his Government , the citizen worthy of the name only does one thing , and has only one thing to do—load his musket and await the hour . Vive la Kepublique !"

    This last proclamation is signed ( and probably written ) by Victor Hugo . The publication of such formidable appeals to the people has had an electrical effect . The entire population of Paris was instantly astir . All Paris was a-foot , —working-men , tradesmen , lower cIpss , middle class , intent upon reading in the face of each the impression of all . A sort of agitation seized the great city . Yet it was nothing compared with the excitement that prevailed in official regions . Many consider themselves utterly ruined- Bonaparte was immediately sent for by electric telegraph . He was hunting at Fontainebleau , but on receipt of the despatch hastened back from Paris , leaving stag and hounds to finish fheir day .

    As to the protest of Henri V ., although very moderate in tone , it has not the less an immense significance under existing circumstances . First , —it throws many Iblind and vacillating spirits , ever ready to embrace the first comer , into doubt , whether in the shape of Monarchy it were not better to return to the true Monarchy , the legitimate Monarchy which alone can be the guarantee of all rights , rather than to a Monarchy of chance , destitute alike of principle and consistency . Second , —this protest is followed by instructions emanating from the Comte de Chambord himself , in which he invites all Legitimists , the noblesse , and the clergy , to abstain from voting , and to use all their influence to induce others to abstain

    likewise . This , you see , becomes a serious matter . If the Legitimists , the Republicans , and the Orleanists universally and rigorously should abstain from voting , and if the ballot were regularly and fairly taken , Bonaparte could not get more than two million votes . Unfortunately , the absence of all control , and the facility of falsifying the result , will give the matter quite another turn . Au rente , Bonaparte has just been taking measures to make the handling of the balloturns and the shaking of the votes more pat than ever ,

    and to prevent the chance of a diminished majority . The electoral law which he decreed last February appointed th e scrutators of the ballot to bo chosen from the two eldest and two youngest of the electors present . JJut now , violating- his own law , he has just sent orders to the Prefects to select and appoint the scrutators themselves . Assuredly , this is a very convenient system , and if he don't get a handsome majority with such tools , why ! all we can say is , that ho plnys with fortune !

    The secret distribution and placarding of this proteat of the Comte do Chambord haul occasioned a great number of domiciliary visits at Metz , Dijon , Nantes , and in ninny other places . On tho other hand , the Prefects havo begun to issue their proclamations to tho electors . A kind of vertigo KeeniH to lmvo seized upon those pitiablo functionaries . To read tho stylo of their addresses , ono would say that they had lost their sensoH . " After you havo g iven . your votes , " exclaims tho Prefect of Calvados , " you

    Ol >» way as your fathers did before you , — ' And wo , too , served in tho ( jrande . amice . '" Another Prefect ( of tho Haute Vienne ) conjures his administrfo to voto properl y , hi order that he may gain promotion . " Como , 11 ( w , this won ' t do , " you will . say , — " this is not to be boliovod . " To banish your doubts , I give you tho very textual extract lrom his proclamation : — " Don't allow . Your department to bo outdone in this solemn acclamation , but ; £ ive to your chief administrator , to the man w Ji <> desires lo obtain many things for you , tho honour ° 1 attesting the value ol' ( defdire va / oir ) your patriotic

    < "itlmsiasin . " Tho fawning bishops employ their authorit y after tho same fashion . They lmvo -issued e l » m : opal inundates to be read by their parochial clergy in the churohen . The Hishop of ¦ Honmw has 1 'iiHieulnrl y distinguished himself in this kind of zeal , lli * lwivo you to judgo by the following extract , from h >« mandate : — « We Hay to you , then : 'Vote , and ' niiko those vote whoso confidence you possess , in favour ° ' tho KonutfiH-CoiiHuHo which is about to be submitted * " lie ratification of Franco . Let every man put . a Y > [ in tho electoral urn ! Ho the counsel lorn of your olnxliont flocks , stimulate their natural indifference , aud

    direct their votes . Fear nothing . If needs be , invoke our authority to shelter yourselves , and to throw upon us all the responsibility of a measure which our conscience accepts sans peur et sans reprocke . " In the meanwhile , the whole population manifests the greatest apathy about the election—the most utter indifference . At Paris , not a soul cares a jot about the rectification or verification of the electoral lists , nor about the delivery of electoral tickets . The authorities are alarmed , and the Prefect of the Seine has ordered voting tickets to be sent by post , or by special agents , to all the electors . A quasi-general abstention is anticipated at Paris and in all the great towns in France . The army no longer has the right of voting you know that makes a difference of 500 , 000 votes , at least : add

    to this Paris and the towns : at least one million votes . Well , in spite of all these and further deductions , Louis Bonaparte is quite capable of asserting a total of 8 , 760 , 000 votes . For my own part , I reckon on this imposing total as if I had manufactured it myself . This week , there has been one of those grand movements on the Bourse , of which I have , in former letters , described the organization on a large scale , to the profit of Bonaparte and of MM . Fould and Rothschild . For some time past , a mass of outsiders , attracted to the

    Bourse by the artificial rise , operated by the great adepts in the funds of the State and of the Bank , had taken to speculate furiously . In one second , the fluctuations in railway stock would be ten , twenty , thirty , and even fifty francs . The movement was so violent , that fortunes were made in a single bout on Change , ( en une seule Bourse ) The stock-brokers , interested in encouraging this speculation , obeying , too , the orders they had received from high quarters , were always easy enough about the settling .

    An inordinate rage for gambling and speculation of all kinds ensued . Merchants , manufacturers , shopkeepers , artisans , operatives , men of fortune , left their business or their pleasure to dabble in the Bourse . The rise being continuous , everybody played a sure card . Shares had risen 350 francs in four months ; in fact they had almost doubled . Unfortunately , the speculators reckoned without their host : in other words , without MM . Bonaparte and Co . On Thursday , November 11 , down came an order from this now notorious Firm to the stockholders to demand of every speculator 150 francs deposit on each share . A panic

    ensued . A fall of 105 francs a share was the work of a few minutes . Tin revanche , fourteen millions ( of francs ) is said to be profit realized by the gentlemen who rule us , in this infamous haul ( coup de filet ) . Now they will let the funds mount up again till the end of the month , to coax the appetites of ( pour rafriander ) the speculators , and so once more to take advantage of the high quotations . As for the inferiors ( doublures ) of the Elysen , not being admitted to these high speculations of their masters , they are allowed to manipulate the secondary jobs . These supernumeraries take it out of the army contracts . They are preparing a great change in the head-dress of the army . The schako is to be entirely

    abandoned for the casque . This will be an expense of some ten millions ( of francs ) to the country , anda profit of from four to five millions ( of francs ) to these " saviours " of ours . After that ono may surely cry Vive VEnvpe reurJ All the while condemnations and transportations go on bravely . At Rouen , some working-men who had spoken ill of the President wero lately condemned to two years imprisonment . When they heard their sentence they shouted Vive In Rcpublique Dcmocratique ! The judges recalled them , and sentenced them to two years additional . Seven more citizens in the south were transported on the 10 th instant to Algeria . On tho sumo day eleven others wore shipped for Cayenne . ° *

    November 20, 1852.] The Leader. 1107 , ¦...

    November 20 , 1852 . ] THE LEADER . 1107 , ¦— ¦¦ i in ¦ - ¦—¦ — ii « .-. ^ i — ~ ' ¦ ""' — - ' ¦ - ' i i ¦ i i ...... . i " ~^* " ~^~! ^^^ m' .. "Tt ^ T . '_ ^^ ^_^^ i ^^—i ^ i ^ WM—^^—

    General Rikuck Elected President. Ah Wo ...

    GENERAL riKUCK ELECTED PRESIDENT . Ah wo have all along foretold that Franklin 1 Merer would ho elected president of the Transatlantic republic , it is some satisfaction to find that tho intelligence brought by the Europa , on Tuesday , confirms our predictions . The J'Juropa left New York on the 3 rd . It may ho regarded as beyond doubt , that the Democrats have carried the day , and that ( Jeneral Pierce is elected president , and Williuni If .. King , vicepresident of tho United States . True , we have not the returns of any ono State yet officially complete , but enough in known to decide the fate of tho election .

    OOHM I'Olt TIIK I ) KM OCR ATM . State of Maine , 8 olo . Otorul voLoh ; New Hampshire , & \ I ' oniiNylvania , 27 ; Virginia , lfi ; South Carolina , 7 ; ( Georgia , 10 ; Florida , 3 ; Indiana , 13 ; IHiiioiH , 11 ; Iowa , 4 ; Winoonsin , 5 ; Michigan , ( I ; Missouri , 1 ); Alabama , i >; Minm ' sHippi , 7 ; Arkansas , 4 ; Toxas , 4 . Total , 147 votes . 1 Hhould here remark that wo havo no telegraphies from Toxais ; but thait State has evor been so overwhelmingly democratic that there need ho no hesitation in putting down her four voto » uh certain for Pierce and King .

    Gone fob the Whigs . —Vermont , 5 votes ; Ehode Island , 4 ; Connecticut , 6 ; Delaware , 3 ; Maryland , 8 ; North Carolina , 10 ; Kentucky , 12 ; Tennessee , 12 ; total , 60 . Doubtful ( or rather States not yet sufficiently heard from in all parts to enable us to regard their votes as certainties ) . —Massachusetts , 13 votes ; New York , 35 ; New Jersey , 7 ; Ohio , 23 ; Louisiana , 6 ; California , 4 ; total , 88 . There is no doubt , in fact , that Franklin Pierce has been elected by an unparalleled majority . It is not generally known that the people do not vote directly for the president . They vote for certain individuals in each State , called " presidential electors" — and these electors are of the same number in each State as said State sends to Congress—that is , her representatives in the House and Senate of the United

    States . These electors are named in State conventions by each party , and every citizen therefore votes the ticket or list of his party . The " electors " of all the States amount to 295 in number , and form what is called an " electoral college . " They do not , however , all meet together , but the < c presidential electors" of each State assemble at the capitol of said State , in obedience to their Governor ' s proclamation , and there formally cast the vote of the State for Scott or Pierce , as the case may be . They then send sealed duplicates to Washington , by members of their own body , and these are deposited in the United States department , and are officially opened and formally promulgated before the assembled members of both houses of Congress .

    In the event of neither of the candidates receiving a majority of the electoral votes—which may be the case when there are three or more candidates—the matter devolves upon the House of Representatives , the members of which then proceed to elect a President out of the nominees before the people . Here is a list of the " presidential electors , " per number , for each State : — Maine , 8 votes ; New Hampshire , 5 ; Vermont , 5 ;

    Massachusetts , 13 ; "Rhode Island , 4 ; Connecticut , 6 ; New York , 35 ; Now Jersey , 7 ; Pennsylvania , 27 : Delaware , 3 ; Maryland , 8 ; Virginia , 15 ; North Carolina , 10 ; South Carolina , 7 ; Georgia , 10 ; Florida , 3 ; Ohio , 23 ; Indiana , 13 ; Illinois , 11 ; Iowa , 4 ; Wisconsin , 5 ; Michigan , 6 ; Kentucky , 12 ; Missouri , 9 ; Alabama , 9 ; Louisiana , 6 ; Tennessee , 12 ; Mississippi , 7 ; Arkansas , 4 ; Texas , 4 ; California , 4 . Whole number of votes , 295 ; necessary to a choice , 118 . Slaves States , including Delaware , 15 ; electoral vote , 119 . Free States , 16 ; electoral vote , 176 .

    The correspondent of the Times gives three reasons for rejoicing in the success of Franklin Pierce : — " I rejoice most heartily in the result . 1 . The issue of protection or i ' rec-trado was brought directly before tho American people , and even those States that arc deeply interested in this question havo given tho most overwhelming Democratic majorities . This will bo encouraging news to the friends of free-trade in Great Britain and all over tho world . The course marked out b y tho great Sir Jlobert Pool as the truo policy for enlightened commercial nations our country has now entered upon . She will tako no stop backward , and whatever mollifications nro made in our tarhT of 184 ( 5 will hereafter bo made on tho side of free-trade .

    " 2 . I rejoice in tho result , because the nation lias pronounced against military candidates . This is a great civic triumph—it is tho triumph of enlightened opinion , and it may bo regarded as a final one , because the experiment was tried on tho most popular military chieftain this country has had since the revolution , and all the elements of success wcro centred in General Scott , tin far as they ever can centre in a Whig military candidate . " 3 . I rejoico in the result , because a most , emphatic and withering rebuke has been administered to the . spirit of fanaticism . It was by tho political jugglery of the

    Freenoil politicians that Webster and Killmoro wero given up for a man who had no claims to the ollice except thosewhich gn ; w out of military achievements . I havo endeavoured in my letters to unfold tho reasons why 1 look with no much apprehension upon the possible ascendancy of tho Freosoil party . It seemed to me that no tna . ii in his Menses cither could conceive or believe that . American slavery was likely to be overthrown by tho exertions of these men , while only two years ago there was the most serious alarm among all Americans who loved their country that , the result of the I'YceNoil agitation would be the dismembermerit of the Itcniihhc .

    * ' It is very evident this morning that all the Union Whigs rejoice also in the defeat oi * ( jeneral Scott , and 1 am enabled to wiy , on testimony which 1 deem perfectly reliable , that Mr . Webster , on his dying bed , sent ii meHnago to Mr . Choato , bin personal friend , and ( lie moat distinguished lawyer in New ICnglund , begging him ' not to inar bis future prospecth by taking one single step in Iho Niipporl of Scott ; and tell him , ' said the grwat Ntiir . oHimin , ' as my dying inensnge , that after Mm 'Jnd day of November the Whig party , as a ntt ' tonal party , will exist only in history . ' "

    Tiik K A I'M It. Wait. Tnrc Propont.Is, ...

    TIIK K A I'M It . WAIt . Tnrc Propont . is , which arrived on Monday from tho Capo , brings news up to tho 9 th of October . Tho most striking piece of intelligence is that ( Joneral Cnthcart , by a Morion of well-planned operationn , ban driven Maeoino from tho Wutcrkloof . When these were completed , ways tho oiueiul account , " tho several columns moved upon tho fastnonsos they wero to clear ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 20, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_20111852/page/7/