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    THE WORKING CLASSES OF ENGLAND AND ITALY...

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    STATE OF TUADE. The trade reports from t...

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    Nev Er, Perhaps, Did The World Present I...

    Powers will first withdraw their ambassadors , then send a fleet to-protect their subjects resident in Naples , and -will await eventualities ; manifestly expecting that the King ' s subjects will take the opportunity of teaching him . his moral obligations . That we-may . toll ' the promissory part of the Western policy for the present . We do not know how far it will be made good , but it would seem impossible that if Napfcw should persevere the Western Powaa ^ ehotAifiriter .

    O'DonnbIiL has decreed a ' new Constitution for Spain- —the Constitution of 1845 , with some modification in an ' ad ditional act . ' Generally described , the Constitution restores the two Chambers , somewhat assimilating the Senate to our House of Lords ; binds the Crown to assemble the Cortes for four months in each year , with power to distribute those four months as the Crown may please ; drops the -National Guard ; places the appointment of Mayors , like our sheriffs , in the Crown , the selection to be made

    from a list sent up by the electors \ and places the press under modified restraint . It is a compromise intended , to keep more power for the Grown and the officials in commission , while conciliating moderate people , and promising to xeward all and sundry with appointments in various places , from the Senate to" the Mayoralty . It resolves the immediate position of Spain into the jguestion , whether the liberal party or the country at large will be disposed to speculate in shares of the O'Donnbix project .

    The Danubian Commissioners have met at Constantinople , with very little probability that their labours will be brought to an immediate conclusion . England , it is understood , stands committed to no particular course with regard to the union or continued separation of the Provinces ; Turkey inclining to the old arrangement , aa « l Russia going for a union . , . ^

    The difference between the two Houses o'f the American Congress is concluded . After contiacuing the struggle for aonae time , the House of Representatives has passed the Army Appropriation Bill without the clause forbidding the Federal Government to employ the army in K ansas . The army has been hitherto employed there in

    repressing disorders ; but practically it has operated to xepress the Free-soilers , and to cover the encroacLraents of the Southern States . The Representatives , therefore , appear to be acting for the protection of the Free-soilers , the Senators against the Fr-ee-soilers . There is reason to suppose , however , that tlie majority has been , principally carried by the influence of those who desire to

    prevent an open conflict between the two Houses of Congress . Secondly , many Americans , who bold , very -earnest opinions on the Kansas question , saw the inconvenience to which the Executive would be subjected if the means for paying the workmen in the public departments , and for paying the soldiers , were withheld . The vote we consider not so much a concession 4 o > one -side or to the other , hut to the immediate interests of the Eepublic as the Republic . The question of Kansas is Adjoumed to another session , and it is probable that the adjournment will be resumed with feelings ro » ch calmed , and not ihe less bo by

    this concession on the part of the Representatives . London has been visited by r Cliariaat demonstration . A portion of fclie Chartist party have dung together aud havo seieod the occasion of Hr . John Fbost ' s return home to get up a great WWting ; but the attempt was not auecesslul . The . Chartist party at present , as a t ) ody , will not be rouaed , * n d wo cannot lielp doubfciag the policy of attempting « demonstration when the full strength of the ^ arty could not be put forward . Moreover , wo Uy * . «* yst ^^ producti on of Mr . Join , T ? H <**» m U * ^ £

    in eajraast-, which is one quality in a public man ; but it is liot everything . ' , ' -.. It has been remarked that Mr . Smith : C Brieit stands in contrast with Mr . Johx Fkost , since he holds back from public life . But those who make the contrast forget that Mr . O'Bkiem fctao stands in position of comparative independenoa , —his family possessing a « nple tnearis ; so that be can chtoose hia wn course itt life . It is , ia fact , quit © impossible to get up any public Eaofwement at present . The Sunday League have attempted a conference on the mode of carrying out their object , the opening of museums and other p laces of rational amusement on Sundays . The conference was intended to represent the provincial towns ; but comparatively few members attended . The discussion and the interest which it -will create in the principal towns -will probabl y do good ; but the smallness of the gathering shows how difficult it is at the present moment to create the slightest activity in any question of home business . The . shipwrights who struck because Messrs . Young and Co ., of Limehouse , determined to abolish the custom of ' bever '—that is , an interval in the morning and afternoon devoted to drinking—and who conspired to prevent other workmen from entering Messrs . Young ' s employment , have avoided actual trial at the Old Bailey by pleading guilty ; the prosecutors waiving the punishment . The question really at issue was , whether an employer has the right to make regulations respecting the hours of labour . Messrs . Young abolished the two intervals allowed for

    drinking , but gave more than an equivalent m point of time . The men resisted this change , and . in resisting strayed beyond the law . They have been taught a lesson in generosity : but if they reflect a little further they will see that the true principle for the benefit of all , in the existing state of society , is freedom—the same principle as that which makes Free-trade better than ' Protection . ' ¦ : ¦ - ¦' ¦

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    : ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦; ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' ¦ ¦ : ¦ .. ¦ ¦ - < . ¦ ¦ ' * ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ v . ;¦ ¦ . ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦• • . . . - y ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦> . - ¦ -v . ¦ : . ¦ 890 THE LEiDEE . [ No . 339 , Saturday ,

    The Working Classes Of England And Italy...

    THE WORKING CLASSES OF ENGLAND AND ITALY . The following has been addressed to the working classes in England by the workmen of Genoa . The original document , with the signatures , may be seen in London . We shall publish , next week , the Address of the English committee : — " Genoa , September 11 , 1856 . " We know that you love our country , that you desire to see Italy free ; free men like yourselves ought to sym- ^ pathize with oppressed men who combat courageously for their own freedom , therefore we come now to ask you , in the name of the working : men of Italy , to give us a proof of this , your love and your desire . We belong to that fraction of Italy which , is not governed despotically , but we hold ourselves bound in a " knot of unity and duty with our suffering brethren of tlie other provinces , and we give our pence to provide them -with arms , of -which tyranny has deprived them ; and withont which they can never hope to mancipate themselves . " Will you , workmen of England , second our efforts , and even as we give proof that Italy is one in our hearts , will you also prove that the cause of liberty is one in yours ? We do no > t know-whether your laws can prevent you . from subscribing to arm the oppressed Italians , but wo do know that no law can hinder you from giving your pence for the emancipation of Italy . Now , this work of emancipation cuts many ways , including the liberation of prisoners menaced by death , and the spreading of the word of action and liberty , and each effort needs material means .

    " Give us , then , yonr offerings for tho * Emancipation of Italy , ' and may God bloes you and the liberty of your country . In doing this , you will bo conscious of having done a good , work , and of having proved openly that the working men of all countries ore brothers today . And we , counting yoar names , can strengthen ourselves in such « ffort as our duty may lead us to make : feeling ' there , in England , are all tLoso free men watching us and our conduct with love , and with prayers -for our success . ' " Wo aend tJua letter to tlio old Society of tho IVlends of Italy , asking one or more of them to form a committee in London to hold your subscriptions in trust , and we pledge ourselves to give an account of tho manner in which the funds ore applied .

    " Antonio Casareto , member of the Committee for the subscription for the 10 , 000 rnuakcta ; Felice Casaccia , Consul of tho Working Mori ' s Association in Gonoa ; Michtile Tassara , Vice-Consul of tho Working Men ' s Association in Genoa 5 Giovanni Casareto , Vice-Consul of tho Working Men ' s Association in Genoa ; Carlo Passnggi , Presldont of tho Society of tho Working Men ; Piotro Santa Maria , President of tho Council of tho Working Men's Association 3 Coeimo Casabuona , ex-Presidont of tho Working JCen ' s Association ; Gincomo Profumo , Secretary of tho Working Men'a Association :

    FortKULto Assalino , ex-Consul of the ' Working Men ' s Association ; Jammaso Battisora , Xuigi Copiei , Giacoroo Remorloo , Carlo Castellani , Francesco Bologna , Emanoeie Pnsuoao , Carlo Beretta , Antonio Molsino , Giaconm Parodi j Antonio Anselmo , Gero-lamo Maicone Luirf Taclielto , Luigi Torre , Ferdinando Peragallo , Francesco So * arir < Jio Batta Napoli , Agostino Tachella , Tommaso Picctrdo , Carlo Celle , Giovanni De-Filippi , Daniele Betti , Tomaso Bernardini , Giuseppe Garrino , Lorenzo Bardino , Antonio Bandini , Beniamino Cornazzani Ce-CtcisbeOi Baria

    sare , Francesco , Emanuele Tassara Jkagelo Ratfci , Vatale JFaccini , Pietro Marcnetti , Gio-Batta Baudo , Francesco < 5 « tti , Laiigi Mauacci , Lorenzo Fegnort ^ Giuseppe Gallo , Ltoci & no Dozio , Luigi ComoJi Angiolo Bravi , Lorenzo Corrado , Giuseppe Tranceschini ' Domenico Piccosi , Pietro Molinari , Christoforo Fabbri ' Angelo Stoppani , Luigi Garibotti , Giuseppe Mantovauf Giuseppe Branb , Angelo Mossardo , Pietro Tereda , Vincenzo Messana , Maria Scotti , Antonio Tortanarossa Bernardo Brigio , Luigi Guglielmotti , Antonio Aldoni ' Giovanni IPrina , Gio-Batta Filipani , Bartolomeo Remo .

    rino , Paolo Bruno , Pietro Cevano , Emilio Carenzi Giacomo Bruno , jficolo Gasparini , Antonio Bisso ' Antonio Ottino , Antonio Guiddo , Giuseppe Figaro ' Gian-Gerplamo Arteugo , Giuseppe Carletto , Giovanni Pilu , Andrea Molsiao , Antonio Parodi , Giuseppe Canepa , Giuseppe Dagnino , Giacomo Cornaglia , Antonio Guiddo , Giuseppe Brazzone , Antonio Giudice , Nicol e Olivari , Gio-Batta Cesena , Giacomo Delia Casa , Benedetto Costaguta , Santo Ballectiero , Giacomo Morello ^ Bartolomeo Tassara , Fabrizio Ferria , Giacomo Geni , Giuseppe Sabino , Yincenzo Casa . buona , Antonio Sivori ^ Carlo Machiavelli , Camillo Baudo .

    State Of Tuade. The Trade Reports From T...

    STATE OF TUADE . The trade reports from the manufacturing towns for tlie week ending last Saturday show that the condition of the general industry of the country is too healthy to be affected by . any perturbations in the London Stock Exchange . At almost all points , business exhibits an increase of activity , with a tendency to ligher prices . According to the Manchester report , although , the transactions are of moderate extent , the demand is fully equal to tlie supply . At Birmingham , increased confidence is felt in the maintenance of the piice of iron , and in most

    of the general occupations of the place , especially in tin manufactures , there has been a marked increase of employment . At Kid-derminster , Mr . G . P . Simcox , the largest handloom weaver in the town , has suspended , but his difficulties appear to have been of long standing . The Nottingham advices describe unusual animation for the period of the year , and give a very favourable account of tlie prospects of trade with the United States . In the woollen districts there have been extended operations at improved prices ; and the Irish linen markets present signs of increasing firmness . — Times .

    In the general business of the port of London during the same week , there has been : little change . Tie number of ships reported in-yvard was 164 , being 24 less than in the previous week . Thirty-seven cargoes of com and floux have been reported , nearly all from Russia . The number of vessels cleared outward was 151 , including 17 in ballast , showing an increase of 7 . —Idem , A great many rumours with respect to the stoppage of the Royal British Bank continue to float through tie commercial circles . The delinquencies of the concern are said to have dated almost from its commencement , and it is asserted tbat , one-fourth of the capital having been lost in the first year of its existence , the company , according to tho ^ provisions of its charter , ought to have been at once dissolved . " The worst part of the affair , " says the Times City Article of Wednesday , " will , it is

    feared , prove to consist of a series of acts such as no persons could have adopted except from a studied determination to make the Bank the scapegoat of their own speculations and necessities . Thus , tho advances to individual directors as well as to the general manager , aud the securities taken against them , are said to bo of a nature , and to have been . carried on for periods , which can leave no doubt as to tho aspect of tbx transactions One correspondent expresses suspicions that , even after the Bank had become embarrassed by its connexion with the coal and iroa works in Wales , tho chief efforts employed were with an intention to extract some personal profits from them instead of to retrieve , as far as possible , the interests of the shareholders . ' It should bo asked , ' he says , ' at ttke ap-proaching meeting , first , whether two or more of the Conner directors did not

    enter into an arrangement with tho Bank for carrying on the -works on their own account ? Secondly , wlietlicr the ndvnnces made by the Bank to the said dimitors have been repaid , or tranaferrod , as tlie speculation failed , to tho debit of tho Welsh property in the books of the Bank ? And , thirdly , whothcr , in fact , the position of affairs was not pretty nearly to this efl ' ect : If ti * e coal and iron works thrive they belong to tho Rnid directors , but , if otherwise , they revert to tho Dankadvances and all ? ' Another correspondent has transmitted some documents -witli respect to which tlicro cannot bo much mistake . They are dated within a week of the stoppage of the Bank , and contnin an urgent invitation to tho person to whom thoy wore addressed to join the direction , consisting of gontlcmcu of undoubted means and position , ' tho manager being meanwhile prepared to afford him ' tho fullest information . ' " .

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 20, 1856, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_20091856/page/2/