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Leader (1850-1860), 19th November 1853, Edition Country of 2, Page 2, The war on the Danube attracts the atten...

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      Nphe Last Form Of The Intell%Enee From T...

      of mind ; and lie has proved that he can use lii s information . When the Government of India Bill Avas passed , the friends of Ministers always said that the legislation and administration ¦ vpithin India would be a supplement to the bill more important than the bill itself , and evidently the conduct of that supplement depended in a great degree upon the selection of the chief administrators . The appointment of Mr . Thomason to the Presidency of Madrks , had shown their disposition , and the appointment of Lord Elphin stone to Bombay proves that their selection of the Madras President was not the exceptional case . So much

      for the selection of instruments ; and now for Lord Elphinstone ' s construction of bis own duty . ^ He declares the duty of a Governor of India is to give his attention especially to three things , — * namely , first , the development of the resources of the country ; secondly , the sound and practical secular education of the natives ; and , thirdly , to advance and promote , as opportunities mi ffht offer , those natives who qualified

      themselves for the public service to situations of trust , " If the natives gird themselves up , and help such a Governor ^ in giving them as much , as they can . get out of him , with , an unbroken good will on both sides , we firmly believe that the Hindoo is on the high road to be a British citizen . We have , indeed , at home , some further evidence that sound opinion is making way , especially on the matter of education and practical science—Positivism . The address delivered on

      the annual distribution of prizes , at Queen ' s College , in Cork , is another evidence of this improvement . Sir Robert Kane states that some 150 young men have , in each of the four years since the College was founded , been trained in gentlemanly feeling , moral conduct and education , specially directed to fit them for scientifically promoting the -industrial prosperity of their country . ~ Ro fact' can be more interesting than that of the success of these colleges . We know how they were attacked , by the Inglises , in Parliament , as "

      godless" institutions , the Orangemen caught up the cry , the M'Hales re-echoed it ; priests were forbidden to administer to the cure of the youth , and the colleges were held up to public odium , as the practical provocatives ot the famine and pestilence which ravaged Ireland . Nevertheless they have survived the pestilence ; students have continued to attend , priests have

      administered to their youthful charges , arid , in the fourth year , after an infancy of unexampled difficulty , Sir Robert ICane declares the new institutions to be fairly established as schools for a scientific and industrial training of Irish youtli , in the higher branches of knowledge . The west of Ireland , therefore , roflccts the idea to which Prince Albert gave so marked an impulse in his memorable speech upon industrial science .

      The strike- in the north continues , at least so far as Preston ia concerned , but there have boon striking defections . Most of the colliera of Wigari have gone in , and although they do not form , properly speaking , a part of the col-ton strike , they have : materially supported the weavers of Wigan . One fact has conic out , of considerable importance . 'Although the production of cotton goods has fallen off one-sixth , there has been no rise of price . This is a pifcato of things entirely opposed to that in the avooI trade , where the consumption of a comparatively

      ' expensive article , chocked by the high price- of food and other difficulties , has not occasioned a / n y corresponding fall of prices , and the chock operaLoH in a . partial and temporary manner on the briskness of the trade . J t ia evident from these comparative eft ' ecta that the cotton trade \ h not in cLrcuinslunccH to yield a larger wages fund ; but every fact connected with this atriko Lends to confirm what we havo ho often Haiti as to the want of exact information , mid an to Mio judicious U 8 O to which the working cIrbsch would put such information if they had it .

      On a public occasion , Lord Palmeraton invited communications from everybody who ielt inclined to addroHB him on any wubjoct , and the coinmitl-eo at Pfenlou liave Inlum ! i < lvuTil , n # o of limb invitation to Jay before him an historical HLaiomout of their case . The document i , s written with groat ability : it narrates the course of events very reasonably in the working-man ' s view . It htntcH how , in JM 47 , the manl . tTH in IVeHion nmdo an abatement , promising to restore the amount abated when improved trade should jimtily it ; mid the men now point to Ihe fact (; liat trade haH been ^ oiiorally declared to bo good ; ( hey toll

      how they have sought accommodation , and how the masters have repelled them . They give proof throughout the whole document of their rational dispositions . The reply may be anticipated , that although trade in general has been prosperous , the cotton trade in particular has not been so , and although the men may have sought accommodation , it maybe fairly answeredtiat the masters , are not bound to accept it . There is

      a great distinction between a manufacturer and a landlord . The landlord holds a portion of the surface of the earth to which allliuman beings are-born , and in permitting him to hold that property , the State usually recognises that he holds it in trust—every human being having a right to get at the soil in order to make a livelihood out of it . The manufacturer is not at all in that

      position . He has a certain quantity of money which is his own ; he opens a shop for goods or for work , and all who please may enter it or stay away , he having a perfect right morally and legally to fix his own terms . The true check upon any unfair conduct in him would lie in a combined agreement amongst the men not to accept terms injurious to their order . The master has a right to do exactly as he pleases ; and

      the correlative right of the men is , to combine ; but they must look to themselves and not to the master , and they cannot expect even the Home Secretary to coerce the master in acquiescing ; nor is it likely that Lord Palnierston will do so . But he may do another thing . It is generally expected that he will reply to the men ; and his answer is anticipated with great interest from the clearness of his understanding , and , as an Italian would say , the sculptured distinctness of his

      expressions . The inquiry Jnto the London Corporation has now gone over a greater variety of evidence , and while the most industrious accuser has been able to establish some points of his charge , of a comparatively trivial kind , the general tendency of the evidence is to establish the fact , that total abolition is not the creed of discreet citizens .

      The notions as to the particular details of reform vary almost with the number of the witnesses , but an idea common to most of the suggestions , is some kind of alliance between the municipality of the city and that of the other metropolitan districts . A municipal constitution for our " Empire City" is a grand idea : we on ] y doubt whether our public men are up to it .

      1106 The Leader. [Saturday ,

      1106 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

      Continental Notes. Tiri; Following Is Co...

      CONTINENTAL NOTES . Tiri ; following is COUNT NESSELIIODE ' S CIUCUIA . il . " St . Petersburg ( M , 10 (( M 31 n \< i . ) " Sir , —Tho efforts which wo have not ceased lo mala for the last eight months for tho arrangement of our differences with the Ottoman Porte have , unfortunately , boon without effect ; to the present day . Way more , the situation tseoins < o become more aggravated each day . Whilst tho Emperor olfored during his interview with Juh intimate friend and ally , the Emperor J'Yancis . Joseph , fresh facilities to the Austrian Cabinet , to explain tho misunderstanding which attaches to the motives slated hy us for rejecting the modifications which tlio Porte desired to introduce in the No to drawn up sit Vionria , the Porte , yielding , notwithstanding the counsels of the European representatives at Constantinople , to the warlike ideas and the fanaticism of tho Mussulmans , has , an you will have learned , formally declared war against us . ' That rash step has , however , innowine changed thepneilie disposition of the Emperor . We st ill do not abandon , on that account , the resolution !! announced from the beginning in our Circular of tho tiOth of June . At that period his Imperial Majesty declared that in occupying provisionally the Principalities an a material security for the . satisfaction he demands , he was unwilling ( o carry imy further tho measures of coercion , but rather to avoid an offensive war , ho long as his dignity and Jiis interests permitted him to

      do so . At Iho present moment , and notwithstanding tho fresh provocation offered to him , Ihe intentions of my august muster remain tho name . In possession of tho material pledge which the occupation of tho Prineipiditiou gives uh , though still ready , in liillilinenl ; of our promise , to evacuate them tho moment that we obtain satisfaction , wo shall content ourselves with ' maintaining our position there ; remaining on the dolbnrfive so long iin we are not toreeil to abandon tho limil . H within which we desire to eonfino our action . We will await , the attack of tho Turks without taking tho iniliativo of hostilities , it will I lion

      entirely depend on other powers not to widen Iho liinilH <> l the war , if the Turks por . sist iu waging it against us , and not to {? ive to it I 1 UV o ( , iH .,. . l , arnetei- l , liai ) that which we mean to leave to it . " That situation of orcpectuiieydoes a ' . ' - ! ' T miy ol ) s ( ' »< -l" <«> thoeurryiiif > - < " > <>• ' negotiations . Alter the declaration of war , it ' in not to Russia that it belongs to sock for n , nv expedients , nor to < , «!«> tho iniliativo m overtures of conciliation . ]; ,, ( , if , when heller enlightened as to its interests , tho Porlo will nmnifenl ; a disposition loproj ) oso or to recciivn nimilnr overtures , it is not tho Kinperor who will p | ll { .,, < , b ,, | ,,,. clivi to their hcii ^ r taken into condidemUon . Miuih " , Monsieur , in all that , for ( ho monieut , i ( , is pevmitleil me to inform you of , in the

      uncertainty # o are aa to whether the Ottoman Porto « in give immediate effect ' to the warlike project it has ^ J adopted . Inform the Cabinetto AvlnWyou are aectdS of our eventuixl ^ intontions . They furnih an bSionrf proof or ihe desire Of our august master to limit ^ 2 as . possible , the ende of hostilities , if they should ^ happily , take place , and to spare the consequences of thSi " to the rest of Europe . « Receive , & c ., ¦ ' "'• Nesseleodk . "

      The War On The Danube Attracts The Atten...

      The war on the Danube attracts the attention of all mPn and quite absorbs matteis of less interest . ¥ e w ™ ' throughout the week received tho most contradictorv reports by the electee telegraph , now informing us tW the Turks were carrying everything before themf now that they had been driven back across the Danube . As we W no means of testing the accuracy of the reports , we state them as we . find them , according to the different decrees of then * alleged authenticity . b r ^ Surveying the Turkish operations , ^ ve find that Omar Pasha sent bodies o ± troops across the Danube , at four or more points , notably at Kalafat , Oltenitza , and Kalarache probably at Hirsova , ¦ and tentatively at Giurgevo The troops in Lesser WallacMa passed almost without firing a shot , and all that we have heard of them since that exploit

      is that then * numbers have been augmented up to 24000 men , and that they had thrown forward their vanguard to the town of Crajowa . This would enable them to operate upon the right wing of the Russians , which must either have retreated before them , their Hue of retreat trending nearly due east , or have h _ eld their position and fought it out . We have heard nothing of a battle , and must therefore conclude that the Russians fell back upon head quarters . The next object of the' . Turkish plan was to capture Giurgevo , rather a strong post , or fortress , opposite Rustchuck , the key of the direct road to Bucharest , an d bravely defended b y the Russians . It would seeni that contests for this post have been going on since the 1 st of the month ; that the Turks have had some successes and

      some reverses ; that , in fact , it is at Giurgevo that the plan , of the Turkish commander has failed , if it has failed at all Obviously it was necessary that he should take the fort , and so operate convergentlly upon Bucharest . More successful , at Oltenitza , the Turks stood a three days' encounter with the Russians . Powerfully covered by their batteries on the right bsbik , they dashed across , repulsed three attacks of the Russians , and settled the last action with the bayonet . Here they arc reported to have entrenchedjliemselves . We know nothing certain of the operations lower down the river . Now the success of the Turkish plan would depend upon the simultaneous advance of fire , or at least four , bodies of troops ; and if the corps at Kalafat

      pressed back the right wing , while those at Oltenitza bore back tho centre , and the troops on the Lower Danube operated on tho roads leading to Galatz ajid ^ Ilcinmck , it is easy to understand a report of Wednesday , that the Turks had passed Bucharest , leaving it on fire in three places , and the Russians were retreating on Kronstudfc , in Transylvania . But , lo ! this pretty story of the end of the campaign is suddenly dissipated by the news that tho Turks had been driven back from Oltenitza upon and over the Danube , to escape the Russians , who enveloped them with 45 , 000 nion . To us this is inexplicable , unless it refer to Giurgevo , and not to Oltenitza . But such is tho " latest " news . The Russians had certainly had not less than 3 , 000 wounded alone in the various encounters up to tho 4 th instant . In Asia , we have Ihe details of the Russian defeat at Orelle by Helim I'asha , and the storming of Cherherly . The Russians have not in the leant bettored their position in Georgia , and every post brings news of fresh risings among the mountain tribes . Tho Sult : m has announced that he will take the command of tho troops at Adrinnoplo in the spring , in person . The British and French fleets have anchored m ta « Bosphorus ; and a Turkish squadron lmd gone into the Black Sea . The Sultan having decided on going to Adrianople next Hpring , and making that city -the Imperial head-quarters , liia . Highness went in person to the Porto mid officially ^ announced his resolution to tho Grand Council in the following terms : —

      . , " My faithful Viair , —I ennnot suiflieiently app laud the i : enl and enthusiasm of my troopM , an well u « the- devolet - ness and fidelity which ' all my functionaries and » iy . subjects , in general , have constantly testified on u \ a occasion of the preparation * which have boon jnado fl »» ¦ the day when it , became probable tlml ; < -h « diflei-em ^ which ' hud urisen between my Governmen t and t > - Court of RiiHflin , would end in ' war . The ntnto ot w » being now a certain fact ; , 1 doubt not tliat evory <>»' will for tho future lend hi ; i co-operation witli titill g 1 ' ' ' , eagtiriioN :- ; , and fulfil bin duty . Tho real cause of tlnn m »' eoiiKifitin / r only in the laudable resolution of preservii ( , of orripi

      the t < acre ' d right . s and tho independence my , supported hy the Almighty power of . the Mo » t IligJ ' . . ' invoking Iho Holy . Spirit of our Prophet , J . lmvo ;••« ' « JJ Avith God ' s aNHJBtanco , to bo present ut t . lioacconil >» , Mlll ) ) n _ of sueh a duty in the earlioHt days of spring ; ' ¦ wlH ^ . ^ tfe ( ( uen ( ly be ' proper to commence immedinlely «¦» ' parationu neee . Hnary for my imperial corifipf , «» / head-quartern will be ( irnt fixed at . AdruinopK ' , »^ ] i |( important tlml , < iverytliing neee / initry for Ihe lnei will be under jny couimiiml be arranged '" '' * .- , 4 > rH ' You will , thrroforo , in accord with my » U « t '" "' ( j () Ili hasten to carry all the necenflary ineaMiireH inl . <) < ' * ^ May the Most High , through love lor ( he IK » l . y ' l ^ reniler our empire victorious , and may all Uiom > ™ j ,, eontril . uto to l . ho hiiowjhh of thin tiwk oUUun Impi » " < - "

      this world and in tlio next . ' , o-. l ^ iinn After the departure of l ; he HiiUau from th < * » ,, - , I ' orte , t , h <^ iiiiuisU'rn signed an addrew eongrntn ""'" h I lighuess on his resolution . .. ,,. ) 1 ( 1 ,.,. «| , ol ' We rend in II ,,, IM-ors : "A M \ r irt ™ , '" „ ca « Ihe yinl , nil . tny ^ i ua inlbnuiU ion ol iucttt ot wiuon

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 19, 1853, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_19111853/page/2/