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Leader (1850-1860), 19th October 1850, Edition Country of 1, Page 6

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      I1essecassel. The Officers Of The Electo...

      xt resigning , should refuse to obey his orders , we amand him to remove the same from their posts and . u consign them to immediate punishment . We likewise instruct our said Commander-in-Chief to fill the vacancies which may be occasioned by the resignation and removal of officers , and to submit his arrangements in that respect to our confirmation and approval . " Frederic William . Hassenpfxxjo . Haynau . " Wilhelmsbad , Oct . 6 . " Baumbach .

      The first act "by which . Haynau intends to try the reality of his new powers is to wrest from the Civic Guard the arms it refuses to surrender . He has suspended the Auditoriat General for having put him under trial ; but the court , not recognizing the validity of his order , continues to carry on its functions . He has also removed General Gerland from his post of Commandant of Cassel , and appointed Colonel Bardeleben in his place ; the latter , however , has resigned his new office .

      The German papers state that a favourable change has taken place in the Elector ' s policy , and that this change is due to the representations of the Duke of Nassau , who for that purpose has been at Wilhelmsbad .

      ®T)£ Ileattet. [Saturday,. . . . - - — —

      ® t ) £ ILeattet . [ Saturday , . . . . - - — —

      Denmark And The Duchies. After Attemptin...

      DENMARK AND THE DUCHIES . After attempting during eight days to take Friedrichstadt , and after having experienced great lossesreduced to ashes the greatest part of the town—the Holsteiners were ultimately repulsed by the Danish garrison , and obliged to retreat , and to reoccupy their former positions . A suspension of hostilities ensued , as after the battle of Idstedt , fought on the 25 th of July last . The activity of the Danes is now limited to the fortifying of their lines to the north and west

      of Friedrichstadt , and in the vicinity of Schleswig , so as to provide against every possible kind of attack . Volunteers for the Holstein army continue to arrive in considerable numbers from all sides of Germany . The Tyrolese riflemen of several parishes having petitioned the Austrian Government to permit them to go to the assistance of their German brethren in Holstein , order has been given to the authorities of the province to prevent the departure of any such individual , and , if necessary , to employ even extreme measures .

      The Movement In The Church. One Of The M...

      THE MOVEMENT IN THE CHURCH . One of the most important meetings of the London Church Union that has yet been held , took place in St . Martin ' s Hall , on Tuesday . It was attended by a larger number of members than on any previous occnsion . The Reverend C . W . Page was in the chair , and the following members of the committee were on the platform : — -Reverend Dr . Mill , Reverend Dr . Pusey , Archdeacon Thorp , Reverend JohnKeble , Reverends T . M . Browne , G . Nugee , W . Scott , and W . N . Wade ; Mr . A . J . B . Hope , M . P . ; Colonel Short , Mr . R . Brett , Mr . G . Frere , Mr . C . E . Lefroy , and Mr . H . Tritton . The proceedings having been opened by prayer , a resolution expressing the

      sympathy of the Committee of the London Union with the majority of the Bristol Church Union was proposed and seconded by two gentlemen whose names are not given , nor any of their arguments , as all reporters were jealously excluded . An amendment was proposed , embodying the principles of the declaration of Mr . Palmer against Romanism at Bristol . The mover deprecated any idea of its being supposed to be aimed at any members of the committee , as had been declared by some of Mr . Palmer ' s supporters at Bristol ; and a gentleman seconded it , that he might take the opportunity of saying how much he deplored the conduct of those who had seceded from the Bristol Church Union .

      Dr . Pusey then came forward and addressed the meeting . He referred at great length to the proceedings at Bristol , animadverting in severe terms upon those who spoke of the hoisting of the banner of sound Churchmanship , in opposition to the unfaithfulness and duplicity of a Romanizing spirit . " He protested against the attempt which had been made to impose a test upon the members of the Church Union . The test proposed at Bristol was contrary to a great moral law : —

      " Church Unions were formed on a broad intelligible principle . They were to consist of persons whose one common bond was to be love for the Church and zeal for her well-being and her purity . All were supposed to love the Church . When a city or a country is in a state prsioKc or invasion , to unite in resisting the invasion is uai'lt the highest test of zeal and faithfulness . Men do not love exertion . To what end to weary ourselves , if we did not love ? Why toil for the Church , but in the beliet that he is

      B of God—that she is a messenger from lloayon — the bride of Christ — His instrument for tlm salvation of souls ? These were the terms of our Union . We did not ask one another what was our opinion on each point which hud been questioned . AN e were muted together by one common faith-one f 1 T » T 1 d . « : for our Mother . It was assumed I i » i P ( h 0 r for wh 01 n we K ' lve U P our case , and onrMil ° r < l T I mvsuit 8 - Wo are bound to her by all Homn nf , « f' y T , Carly P ™ yer « , by our catechizing ; some of us by our labours lor her , by our longings that she , and we m her , should be all that God ml & ol l \ er

      and us in her '; by our confirmations , nor absolutions , our communions ; by the faith which she taught us , the worship with which she hallowed all our blessings . These are the bonds of love with which we are held to her , by which even those who have misgivings , which I have not , are held to her . And shall we think that these can be strengthened by a mere negative ? Repulsion is a poor substitute for attraction . It might make people infidels or indifferent ; it will not bind them to the Church . "

      The whole position of the London Church Union was simply on the defensive— " Defence of the Church of England . The whole office of its members was within the Church of England . An anti-Roman declaration was , for any purposes of the Union , simply nihil ad rem , foreign and extrinsic to their whole constitution and object . " In allusion to the fact of Lord Feilding ' s secession , and of his having presided a short time previously at a meeting of the Church Union , Dr . Pusey said , that the putting that individual in the chair was not a preconcerted thing , but the result of accident . They were warned by some against associating with those who were suspected , but he would caution acting so as to drive those away from the Church who were most anxious to struggle for her deliverance : —

      " But , it is said , we are some of us suspicious and suspected . I believe that there is no remedy , certainly not in declarations . Acts speak ; not words . If any think that our acts are contrary to our words , no words will convince them . They will think us hypocrites , or , as they term it , Jesuits . They "will not believe us . ^ If the labours of seventeen or twenty-seven years will not persuade men that we are faithful to the Church of England , words will not . We must await God ' s time until will convince

      this fever of fear subsides ; or if nothing them DEATH IN THE BOSOM OP THE CHURCH OF ENG-: land will . The suspicions began before there was any defection or fear of one , while all were living in Holy Scripture , the fathers , and our own divines , and while Rome was known only as an antagonist body . Suspicion was as rife twelve years ago as now . At this moment , I believe , that ; t is much more directed against primitive truth than against anything peculiar to the Church of Rome . "

      The address was listened to with intense interest , and when he sat down there was much cheering , which lasted for some time . At the conclusion of his address the mover of the amendment got up and begged permission to withdraw it , expressing a hope that Dr . Pusey would give to the world the speech he had made . This request was ardently seconded by the most influential members of the Union , and the amendment withdrawn , and the resolution put and carried unanimously , amidst much applause .

      Dwellings Of The Pooe. The First Annual ...

      DWELLINGS OF THE POOE . The first annual meeting of the Whitechapel Association for promoting habits tending to the cleanliness , health , and comfort of the Industrious Classes in the parish of St . Mary , Whitechapel , was held in the room of the Society , Whitechapel-road , on Wednesday evening , and was attended by a goodly number of the working classes and others . The Reverend W . W . Champneys , the rector of Whitechapel , who occupied the chair , said , that when the cholera ceased its ravages this association was formed , and its object was by persuasion and kindly argument to induce the working classes to remove such of the causes of disease as they had the power to remove . During the past year the association had been actively at work . Many of the dwellings of the poor had been visited . Some of the causes of disease the occupants had been induced to remove , but there were others which they could not remove ; and other powers were wanting to place the parish in a proper sanitary condition : — " Mr . John Liddell read the report of the committee , which stated that they had appointed a paid agent , by whom every street , lane , and court , every house and room inhabited by the classes whose improvement was aimed at , had been visited . In almost every instance the agent had been received with civility and kindness . Small tracts , expressing in a few words the leading causes of disease , had been largely circulated , and hung up in the rooms visited , and in the public baths . The principal causes of disease which had been found to exist were insufficient supply of water ; the existence of nuisances in and around the dwellings of the poor caused by want of drainage ; the defective state of the pavements and the neglect of the scavengers and dustmen ; the over-crowded state of the tenements more especially the low lodging-houses ; the dilapidated condition of the dwellings of the poor ; the want of light and ventilation ; and the filthy habits of the people . As regards over-crowding , the state of the low lodging-houses entirely baffled description . At one of them , 5 , Holloway-court , Blue Anchor-road , in a small room on the second floor , 10-i feet by 13 feet , with a sloping roof from 5 to 7 J feet high , and having only one window , were crowded together 57 human beings , men , women , and children , the majority of whom were nearly naked , and very filthy . The smell was intolerable . In this room there were only twenty cubic feet of air for each person , the quantity of air recommended by the inspector of prisons being 1000 feet , as being the Jeast that should be allotted to ouch person to preserve health . At another lodging-house in Mill-yard , Cable-street , where persons were lodged for 2 d . a-night each , nine men were found in a room on the first floor , and in another room on

      the second floor also nine , but from the arrangement of the beds it was evident that the rooms were only partially occupied . The committee attribute a great deal of this crowding to the immigration of Irish . " The total number of visits to families was 7600 the number of persons induced to keep their rooms clean 460 ; number who had been induced to cleanse their windows , 591 ; and to visit the public baths , 461 . The trustees of the parish had been active in endeavouring to repress nuisances . Within little more than 12 months 384 persons had been proceeded against for nuisances of various kinds . " The report having been adopted unanimousl y ,

      Mr . W . H . Black moved a resolution to the effect that , while the working classes were willing to adopt what remedies they could to improve the condition of their dwellings , no voluntary efforts are sufficient to meet the worst and most pressing of the evils . "He was himself the owner of some houses , which in their present state were unfit for human beings to dwell in . But landlords were not so much to blame in these matters as some people might think . In numerous instances he had had rooms forcibly opened by athletic Irishmen , who had appropriated them without his leave for the dwellings of themselves and families . He had had his life threatened by these people . He had been for six months

      together prevented from getting possession of a room in which no human being ought to have lived , because the parties living in it would neither be clean nor do anything to permit peace and quietude . In two instances the visitors of this society found two of his rooms occupied by forty persons . He could not get them out or get any rent for six months ; but the man who was tenant of them was now dead . Mr . Black then complained of the state of the paving , and said there were nine or ten paving jurisdictions in the parish , but they did not cover the whole of the parish , and there was a dcubt as to which district some parts were in , the consequence of which was that those parts were not paved at all . "

      A petition to the House of Commons , praying for the passing of a bill constituting parochial paving and sanitary boards , and with power to appoint paid agents to visit low lodging-houses , and make regulations respecting them , was unanimously agreed to .

      The Tenant League. A Monster Meeting Of ...

      THE TENANT LEAGUE . A monster meeting of the Tenant League was held at Navan , the capital of Meath county , on Thursday week . Some fifteen thousand are said to have been present , chiefly " tenant farmers . " Mr . Columbus Drake , J . P ., presided , and Mr . Sharman Crawford , M . P ., was the chief speaker . Mr . Crawford claimed the League ' s principle of adjusting the relations of landlord and tenant by valuation as his own ; founding its justice on the fact that in Ireland " the relation of landlord and tenant is such as to render

      necessary a protection against extortionable bargains about the land , which is not necessary in bargains about other matters . " After repudiating in the most indignant terms the charge of popularity -hunting , ho pledged himself to do everything he could , in . Parliament or out of it , to obtain for the tenants their rights . The Executive Council of the League have decided upon holding two more county meetings—one in Down , the other in Antrim—in or about the second week in November . A Belfast paper , in alluding to the projected meetings , says : —

      " All Avho are anxious for a settlement of the muchagitated question of landlord and tenant relations , and those especially who are favourable to an adjustment of it on the principles assigned by the Conference which sat in Dublin in August last , afterwards adopted , and from time to time expounded by the League , will lend their aid in organizing all creeds ^ and classes in these two leading northern counties , so that the demonstrations may be worthy of them and worthy of the cause . We are informed that parties in Down and Antrim who are known to have taken an interest in the tenant-right movement may expect to receive circulars , calling upon them to attend a meeting , in some specified central locality in their respective counties , for the purpose of arranging all necessary preliminaries . "

      The great Tipperary demonstration , which was numerously attended , took place on " Wednesday , Mr . Francis Scully , one of the county members , presided , and a deputation from Ulster was present . The speeches were of the most enthusiastic description , Meanwhile that portion of the Irish farmers who have no faith in any improvement which must depend upon legislation to be wrung , after years of agitation , from an English Parliament , ore leaving Ireland for the United States in immense bands . From Gal way

      a vessel sailed a few days ago with 238 emigrants , and another shipful is to sail on the 20 th instant from the same port . The Water ford Mail speaks of 500 persons having left that place for America in one day , and the Dublin papers announce the arrival in that city , on Tuesday , of the first detachment of a body of emigrants from tho counties of Wicklow and Wexford , on their way to Liverpool , from whence they are to take shipping for America . The remainder of the party were to follow during the present week .

      " These emigrants , who are about to settle in Arkansas , are nearly twelve hundred in number , consisting of about four hundred families , almost all of whom have Ih'Cmi farmers in comfortable circumstances , and they arc taking out amongst them about £ 16 , 000 . A portion of those emigrants are from the barony of Forth , county of Wex-

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 19, 1850, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_19101850/page/6/