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Leader (1850-1860), 17th September 1859, Edition 2 of 3, Page 10, TWTTHTn TVD A'TWT A TnTJUVmT* W A TNMT3N...

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      The Great Trigonometrical Survey. The Gr...

      employed as . the results have" been useful to the country / ' . We are not aware of the present strength ot tne survey , but we believe there is a large party in Cashmere , under the direction of lieutenant Montgomery , whose work is performed precisely on the system which was adopted six years ago in the north-west Himalaya series . There are also one or two parties employed in extending the great longitudinal series from Calcutta to Kurrachee in Scinde .

      And since the measurement of a base line at Attock , the survey of the Punjab has been going on . lhe triangulation of the Gogra was commenced five or six years ago , and it was intended to extend it to Nepaul ; but we fancy this survey has been suspended since the mutiny , and of course in the present disturbed state of the country it . cannot be carried on . Captain Rivers had charge of the party ernploj-ed in the Bombay presidency , but we believe he is not connected with it now .

      The duties of an Indian surveyor must necessarily be of a most laborious kind . In the Himalayas and mountain districts , his stations must be planted on the highest peaks ; and it is a well known fact that no class of travellers—not even the natives of the country—have reached any elevations as high as some of the points on which the Trigonometrical surveyors have fixed their stations . Captain Gerard aseended the Manuring Pass about 19 , 000 feet above the sea , and some of the assistants attached to the Himalaya series went up still higher , probably 20 , 000 or 21 , 000 feet above the -sea . Talk of the perils attending the ascent of Mont Blanc , of hairbreadth escapes such as Albert Smith has so well described I You must let the perils" and dangers of Alpine travelling grow into awful dimensions to picture to yourself the difficulties to be encountered in ascending a mountain 20 , 000 feet above the sea . Regarding the duties of the Trigonometrical suryeyorsi Colonel Waugh writes

      :-r-" With regard to the probable rate of progress , much depends on the efficiency of the officers , and on the accidents of the climate to which the parties are so much exposed . In a hilly country , the average advance made per season by each party is now about 120 miles in length by 30 in breadth , or . say , 3 , 600 square miles . In a flat country , the average is eighty miles in length by twelve in breadth , or about 1 , 000 square miles . The average for both kinds of ground may be taken at the mean , or 2 , 300 6 quare ^ miles , which , multiplied by seven , gives 16 , 100 square miles per- annum of probable progress . The cost is not likely to exceed the general average hitherto attained of 10 s . or 12 s . ! per square mile of hilly country , and from 20 a . to 30 s . in flat land , or

      to a general average of 15 s . to 16 s . over Jail . This rate might be expected to diminish , if the department were made more efficient in officers . It has been shown in the foregoing narrative that few succeed in these arduous undertakings . A rigorous training is indispensable at the outset , without "which success cannot be certain , nor any adherence expected to system . Widely dispersed as the surveys- are , and remote . from constant supervision , little by little innovations would creep in , and the character of the work become compromised . To prevent evils so calculated to retard the completion of the survey of India due provision should be made for contingent vacancies , instead of muting till they occur . A newly-appointed officer is not effective

      for two years , and when more than one vacancy occurs at a time , the task of training is inconvenient . The department is now so under-officered , that a few casualties occurring together would leave it unofficered—an anticipation which would give me more anxiety than it does , were it not for the great ability of a few of the subordinates , who are themselves competent practically able to conduct series . It is evident that at the present stage of the business , when so large an area remains for survey , effective establishments are roost important . In feet , an augmentation of two or three officers now would be more useful than filling up vacancies towards the close of

      the work . Such an augmentation would most likely provide for every contingency , without any further Addition hereafter , as vacancies occur . " Colonel Waugh bears a high testimony to the cervices of the uncovenanted assistants . Of all the servants of Government these raeTa are the worst paid , and yet their work , mentally and physically , is one of the most difficult that can be conceived . Baboo Rhadanath , who is now in charge of the observatory in Calcutta , is considered a first-rate mathematician j but the oldest and most experienced surveyor is Mr . John Peyton , who hold for ? he last * ten or fifteen years the appointment of Chief Civil Assistant , and has only recently retired ftom the service .- —Bombay Oazette ,

      1054 1the Lfaj-E ^ [No. 495 . Sept. 17, ...

      1054 1 THE LfAJ-E ^ [ No . 495 . Sept . 17 , 185 Q ,.

      And Ttepunjaub ; And The Returns From Th...

      and ttePunjaub ; and the returns from the Bombay and Madras presidencies will raise the total to 1 O . O 0 Q . " Of the Bengal Artillery there are about 800 , of the ' infantry 3 , 2 OO , and of the light cavalry probably 2 , 000 . Detachments of the discharged men are now being sent down from Allahabad to Calcutta , and ships have been engaged , to convey them and their families to England at the rate of 194 rs . for each adult , and 97 rs . for each child . Lord Clyde ' expostulatory general order ha s had as yet but a trifling effect . So far as is known not more than from thirty to fifty have withdrawn their application for discharge . Officers are volunteering in large numbers to take charge of the men on their way home . They are to enjoy Indian pay and have thremonths in

      allowances , will probably e England , arid will return in charge of recruits . Upoa this subject the Friend of India says : —" ¦ It is useless to disguise the fact that a crave for England has seized every class of the Anglo-Indian public . Soldier and civilian , merchant and trader , educated and uneducated , are all alike weary of a service which they consider without advantages , of a land in which , their sense of security has been so rudely shaken , and where government seems one vast chaos , with administrative wisdom absent , energy dead , and policy purposeless , if it has any existence . The large gap made in the local force will soon be filled up , so far as the artillery is concerned , by volunteers from her Majesty ' s regiments , and the 5 , 000 recruits , most of whom are now on their way , will go far to

      restore it to its old strength . " The Sikh troops on the Nepaul frontier have again encoutered with the rebels . From the same journal we learn that two bodies had permanently established themselves near Musha in the Trans-Raptee district , one under Pergun Singh , and another towards the west under the Rajah of Akownah . They trusted probably to the obscurity and strength of their positioni to escape attack at least until the cold season . They were posted in the bed of a mountain torrent in the first range of hills , with about six miles of dense jungle in front of them . Major Vaugiian was sent at the head of two troops of the 1 st Puojuab Cavalry and four companies of the 5 th

      Punjaub Rifles to drive them out , and if possible capture them . He directed his attention to Pergun Singh , while Captain C leveland was detached to attack the Rajah , and if possible drive him to the eastward , towards Major Vaughan ' s force . This he attempted to do on the 14 th June last , but the Rajah , and his 200 followers escaped unscathed , leaving the camp with its contents to fall into our hands . Major Vaughan was equally unsuccessful . He chaged the party under Pergun Singh far into the interior / and returned after setting fire to his hutting encampment . But on the 18 th June he found that both bodies of the rebels , joined by a third from the Deogurh Valley , had taken up a very strong position in the Sunputtree Pass , ten miles from Musha . Though the enemy were again so much on the alert as to observe their approach

      when only half-way through the dense jungle , their stragglers were overtaken , and at least one hundred fell in the pursuit , which was continued for five miles beyond the pass . The rebel cavalry , such as it was , was annihilated . In the course of their flight they took refuge in the bed of a ravine from which there was no exit . There every man was slain , and their horses and ponies carried off . The Sikhs fought with such bravery that the Governor-General has , on the recommendation ofMajpr Vaughan and the Conanan . nder-in- Chief , admitted four of them to the various classes of the Order of Merit . Wherever they could approach so near the rebels as to come to close [ quarters ' the Sikhs met with a most determined resistance . The rebels will probably maintain their position in Nepaul until destitute ; and the Nepjiulese , when they can no longer profit by their presence , may make a virtue of delivering them , up to the ally they have so long fooled .

      THB NANA AND HIS CONtfBDBnATBS . TheNana , Bala Rao , Daby Bux , and Mummoo Khan are in the Dandpka valley , with a force of about eight thousand men . They are not together , but scattered in different places along the valley , which , extends west for twenty miles from Dandoka . They are said to be very sick , but not so bad as they were some time ago . Bala Rao was reported to have been on his death bed , but has now got much better . Tho Begum is at Nyacote , very

      comfortable , with just her personal attendants , and pretty well off as regards money , # c . ; she is . under restraint , and the Nepaul people allow nobody to go near her . Khan Bahadpor Ithan has got better , from his jungle fever , and is living in Bootwul , with three or four servants , still very sick , ana , very badly off . As report says , one of his servants ( an elephant driver ) decamped with all the old man ' s monoy . It seems tho general opinion of all who give themselves up , that they will all be dispersed , and have died off before the cold . It might have

      been so had they remained in the Terai , but now in the hills they are recovering from their sickness .

      I ^ ATEST . INDIAN INTELLIGENCE . Ai > y * cpi » ftawn < 3 alcutta of August 8 announce that neartyr & QOO men of the < local European force have claimed , their discharge in Bengal , the North-west ,

      The Begum And Hee Paramoixr.—The Begum, ...

      The Begum and hee Paramoixr . —The Begum , of whom we have all heard so much , is no princess , and has no claim whatever to the title by which she is known . She was originally a dancing-girl , with whom Mummoo Khan , then holding a subordinate charge in the royal cook-room of I . ucknow , had formed an intimacy ; The present ex-King , hearing of the girl ' s beauty , admitted her to the number of his mahuls , under the title of " Huzrut Mahul . " She received a handsome allowance , with a large establishment , of which she appointed Mummoo Khan the darogah or superintendent . The former intimacy was still , though secretly , carried on , and resulted in the birth of the boy , Birjees Kudr . Tins boy was supposed to belong to Wajid Alee , and when the mutiny broke out , although only between

      ten and twelve years of age , he was proclaimed king . His claims were recognised by the Oude IrregfHar Force , for the most part composed of men who had held service under the ex-monarch . On his elevation to the throne , or rather on his being created Wazier of Oude , for his authority was at first held subordinate to that of the Emperor of Delhi , his mother and Mummoo Khan enjoyed an amount of power checked only by the Gaprices of the troops to whom their elevation had been due . Mummoo Khan was a man of no talent whatsoever , arid alike wanting in that courage , both moral and physical , so requisite in a person in the critical position to which he had been exalted . He Mas , moreover , of low origin , destitute alike of taste and the advantages of education . —rBombay Telegraph .

      ^Ifljnp 9lrls Osl*"*- C*^* *S&Gt; » —»

      Jfirte Jlrfs .

      New. Hoktictji/Tttral Garden At Kensingt...

      New . HoktictjI / TTTral Garden at Kensington Gore . —A model showing how the ground will be laid but in terraces , for the garden of the Horticultural Society , has just been placed in the South Kensington Museum . Between the Kensington-road and Cromwell-road the ground falls about forty feet , and using this fact in aid of a general effect , the ground has been divided into three principal levels . The entrances to the gardens will be on the lower level , in Prince Albert ' s-road ; and the central pathway , upwards of seventy-five feet wide , ascending through terraces to the third great level , will lead to the winter garden . The whole garden wi'U . be surrounded by Italian arcades . The upper or emicircular

      north arcade , where the boundary is s in form , will be a modification of the arcades of the villa Albani at Rome . The central arcade will be almost wholly of Milanese brickwork , interspersed with terra cotta , majolica , & c , whilst the design for the south arcade has been adapted from the beautiful cloisters of St . John Lateran , at Rome . None of these arcades will be less than twenty feet wide and twenty-five feet high , and they will give a promenade sheltered from all weathers more than three quarters of a mile in length . The arcades and earthworks will be executed by the Commissioners for the Inhibition of 1851 , at a cost of . £ 50 , 000 , whilst the Jaying put of the gardens , and construction of the conservatory , or winter garden , will be executed py the Horticultural Society , and will cost about the same sum , the greater part of which has been already raised .

      Twtthtn Tvd A'Twt A Tntjuvmt* W A Tnmt3n...

      TWTTHTn TVD A ' TWT A TnTJUVmT * W A TNMT 3 NTS .

      « The English Opera Season At Covent Gar...

      « The English opera season at Covent Garden is announced to begin on Monday , the 3 rd of October , under the Pyne and Harrison management . In adcuizon to Miss Louisa Pyne ( who wo are happy to say has quite recovered her health ) , the programme includes the names of many distinguished sin ? or 8 ' some of whom are new to the stage . Among tneso we find Mdlles . Pilling and Paropa , Messrs . Santley , Haigh , St . Albyn And W , Harrison . An excellent ballet company is engaged , including our old tavourites , the Paynes , ' „ nf Gloucester Musical Festival . — -The concert oi VSTJUlPUViUBAJUAfc iXXVOt . \ JAXi JV 4 WMVAWI — ¦¦ - ««•

      „ Tuesday evening was marred by the absence ox j * m . Sims Reeves , who was suddenly takon ill , but in other respects must be considered a perfect sumos" - The audience were highly dissatisfied with tho at > - eence of the English tenor , but were reconciled to their loss by the substitution of Signor GiugUni ana Mdlle . Titjens , who sang a Verdi duet to make up for the mischance , in a style which delighted ttoe assembly . The selection from Don Giovanni , wMcn formed the first part of the concert , was a weH . o u ° ; sen one , consisting of the cholsest moroeaux ot uh » great masterpiece . The first noticeable feature m tho duet , " La oi darem , " by Madame Clara Novelio and Signor Vialotti , which was immediately followed

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 17, 1859, page 10, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_17091859/page/10/