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Leader (1850-1860), 16th August 1856, Edition 2 of 2, Page 1, ^2 < ? V ti a-vv r 3R?trintT flt lUt Wvttlfc.

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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      Voii. Vii. No. 334.] Saturday, August 16...

      VOIi . VII . No . 334 . ] SATURDAY , AUGUST 16 , 1856 . Price { 2 gaSJff ? g :. -jB 5 Sg

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      ¦ » Scanty As The Political News Is, At ...

      ¦ » SCANTY as the political news is , at least in plain and tangible results , it does not continue to be the less instructive . Take any country with which we have been connected , and see how the reports of the week bear upon our relations with it . Russia has not yet performed her part under the Treaty of Paris . Undoubtedly a morning contemporary , which has taken the part of Russia

      throughout its . existence , has assured us that the Island of Serpents has been abandoned , and that Russia has yielded upon the other subjects of dispute . But the same journal has subsequent reports which imply extenuating explanations of the conduct of Russia , in regard , for instance , to the Island of Serpents , still occupied ; and the only distinct inference 'which we are able to draw from this class of reports is , that the Russian Government has its direct channels of communication

      iu this country . If that were so , it would be no news to us . The facts of the week confirm our opinion as to the reason why Russia made a peace at the moment when she did . As to ' critical position , " she had been in worse since the war commenced jit several periods , as may be seen by The Voice from icithin Sebastopol . She might have been hard pressed , but thei'e Was a reason quite apart from pressure . The Western Powers had a compact with Sweden

      to defend her frontier , and that indeed would materially have embarrasBed the projects of Russia in the North-West . She made peace . It is evident that she does not intend the peace to obstruct her movements in the South and East ; but it had the effect of breaking off the approximation between Sweden and the Western Powers , and has left her free to renew her dangerous encroachments upon her immediate neighbour , so much of whose territory she has already consumed with the aid of Sweden ' s allies . Finland

      first 1 mmnrck next , is the motto of Hussia in the South-Weitjj . ^ British alliance with Sweden prefaced the B ^' ftliowing of Finland ; and the British alliance has already passed a propos to Finmarck . O'Donnki ^ has not yet issued his programme . That sarcastic dog the electric telegraph haa told some of our contemporaries on the Continent , that ho docs not intend to jsbuo any programme , at least nono beyond what ho has issued already ; for that his future policy is to bo " the Bpirit which

      has dominated the preamble of the decree declaring the state of siege . " Napoi-eon III . is once more amongst his Ministers ; some change having taken place in the plans at Paris . What the changes are we do not yet know , at least with reference to the direction of his policy . We know enough , however , to be well aware that the return of Count Waxewski to be chief of the Foreign Department is unexpected , and that it is accompanied by other changes of persons and plans which would indicate that his Majesty is in difficulties . Ho reason meanwhile that he should not endow

      Marshal Pjblissikr with the title , so complimentary to Russia , of " Duke of Malakhoff . " > Even the proceedings at the British Association for the Advancement of Science illustrate our foreign relations . A paper was read by Mr . Danson , showing that in the proportion of three-fourths of their exports of cotton , and in the proportion of four-fifths of our imports of the same , there is a reciprocal interest between the United States and the United Kingdom in the maintenance of the

      labour which produces that cotton , and of the factory system which uses it up . If America were to break off with us she would instantly lose our most valuable custom ; and if we goad her into hostility , or foster internal rebellion and Black revolution , wo shall , exactly by the same means and at the same time , create a servile revolution in our factory districts . That is the moral of Mr . Danson ' s paper , which has attracted very great attention .

      The most startling fact in the United States is , that the local Government of California has been deposed by the Committee of Vigilance . Perhaps not too soon . The Committee of Vigilance consists of the picked men of the city of San Francisco , who have been compelled totakeinto their own hands the defence of the State . The respectable population of California , and especially of San Francisco , were the prey of a band of adventurers of all clussesgamblers who drew young people into hells ; ruffians who made the gambling-booth the scone of robbery and murder ; sharpers who converted the golden opportunities of California into the means of creating one of the most nefarious trades in

      factitious " mining" stock , mining projects with a minimum of basis and a maximum of magniloquent pufling , almost enough to puff one of the loading enterprisers into the Presidency of the United States . When any of these delinquents were found out and caught " flm / rante dclicto , they

      found a wonderful favour and leniency in the local authorities . No order had been preserved ; it was infringed in the grossest and coarsest manner ; and at last -we have one of the very judges among brawlers with revolvers and bowieknives in the streets , actually committing murder . This last act was the signal , and not only for the Committee of Vigilance : the whole militia of the effeetive ~ part of the population rose upj set aside the Government , took the administration in hand , and were apparently waiting for orders from Washington .

      At home , economics and morals have entirely superseded ordinary politics ; but it must be confessed that for the moment the economics have altogether got ahead of moral science , as studied before the public . The British Association has been great in economics , not only by giving us such papers as Mr . Danson ' s , but by bringing to bear a great amount of positive science upon the prosecution of our industry in its largest branches . For example , Mr Chari . es Atherton , the chief

      engineer of the dockyard at Woolwich , makes a long and elaborate statement on the subject of mercantile steam transport economy , bringing well-known facts into one comprehensive view . Another gentleman explains a new process for suddenly converting pig iron into malleable iron , and entirely superseding a more expensive , cumbrous , and dilatory operation , called " puddling . " Mr . Danson , again , shows the economic inconvenience of varying weights and measures for corn .

      The Association has also done its work in the moral line , and this more effectually than some others who have meddled with the subject . Mr . W . M . Tarti , in reviewing the statistics of poverty and crime , shows that prosperity is wicked , and that adversity becomes moral . And Mr . Hoksley has proved by direct experiment , that strychnine , although introduced only into the throat of an animal , may bo followed by all the characteristic symptoms , and by actual death : a fact pregnant with import for the student of poisons and th c laws relating to their abuse .

      The British Association has not taken up the subject of religion , yet how magnificently it could be discussed there by competent heads . We must see some progress before that day . * At present theologians , not . vet sufficiently masters of then ' subject , flinch from the light of science , When Mr . Vivian brings forward tho J < flfiv 3 Sfo 8 ?" * ^ f M'Enicry on the arrow-heads (^^ tf ^ R ^ lS ^^ O t the stalagmite in tho caves of tQP ^ w ^ M ^ P ^ JpjjB « iJ , l $ w « 8 f 7 ¦•'

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 16, 1856, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_16081856/page/1/